Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. May 15, 2024; 15(5): 828-852
Published online May 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.828
Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: Insights into clinical efficacy, patient-reported outcomes, and adherence challenges
Mahmoud Emad-Eldin, Gehan F Balata, Eman A Elshorbagy, Mona S Hamed, Mohamed S Attia
Mahmoud Emad-Eldin, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig HFQM+872, Al-Sharqia Governorate, Egypt
Gehan F Balata, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 44519, Egypt
Gehan F Balata, Mohamed S Attia, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Al-Sharqia Governorate, Egypt
Eman A Elshorbagy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Al-Sharqia Governorate, Egypt
Mona S Hamed, Department of Community at Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Al-Sharqia Governorate, Egypt
Author contributions: Emad-Eldin M conducted the literature search, interpreted the relevant literature, and drafted the initial manuscript; Hamed MS conceived the idea and designed the paper; Balata GF and Elshorbagy EA contributed to the drafting of the manuscript and provided input on the overall concept; Attia MS prepared the figures, provided critical intellectual input during the article revision and review/editing of the manuscript; all authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mahmoud Emad-Eldin, BPharm, MSc, Teaching Assistant, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, PO 44519, Zagazig HFQM +872, Al-Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. memadeldin@zu.edu.eg
Received: December 25, 2023
Peer-review started: December 25, 2023
First decision: January 10, 2024
Revised: February 1, 2024
Accepted: March 20, 2024
Article in press: March 20, 2024
Published online: May 15, 2024
Processing time: 137 Days and 4.1 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Understanding the dynamics of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes is crucial for the effective management of the disease. This review navigates through the evolution of insulin formulations, emphasizing the impact of different regimens on patient-reported outcomes. Adherence to insulin therapy, a pivotal factor for successful outcomes, is investigated alongside various insulin preparations and the influencing factors. Gaining insight into these dynamics can steer healthcare strategies, ultimately refining decision-making and boosting patient outcomes in type 2 diabetes management.