Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2023; 14(10): 1562-1572
Published online Oct 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1562
Characteristics of glucose change in diabetes mellitus generalized through continuous wavelet transform processing: A preliminary study
Yoichi Nakamura, Shinya Furukawa
Yoichi Nakamura, Cardiovascular Medicine & Diabetology, Specified Clinic of Soyokaze CardioVascular Medicine and Diabetes Care, Matsuyama 790-0026, Ehime, Japan
Shinya Furukawa, Health Services Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime, Japan
Author contributions: Nakamura Y was the guarantor, designed the study, performed the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the data, and drafted the manuscript; Furukawa S participated in the study design, data interpretation, and manuscript drafting.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of Ehime University (Japan).
Informed consent statement: All study participants provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Yoichi Nakamura, MD, PhD, Chairman, Chief Doctor, Instructor, Cardiovascular Medicine & Diabetology, Specified Clinic of Soyokaze CardioVascular Medicine and Diabetes Care, 73-1 Muromachi, Matsuyama 790-0026, Ehime, Japan. y13.nakamura@soyokaze-cvd.jp
Received: July 2, 2023
Peer-review started: July 2, 2023
First decision: August 4, 2023
Revised: August 16, 2023
Accepted: September 8, 2023
Article in press: September 8, 2023
Published online: October 15, 2023
Processing time: 98 Days and 23 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: In the present study, we hypothesized that continuous wavelet transform differentiates glucose fluctuation according to the type of diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was characterized by a rapid change (cycle of a 17-24-min interval at midnight). T2DM was characterized by a broad wave (cycle of a 41-96-min interval during a day). Plotting at the three-dimensional scattergram consisting of time, frequency, and an enclosed area of interest revealed that the data of T1DM on the high frequency zone (60-85 Hz) at midnight dispersed into the allocated box, although the glucose fluctuation of T2DM was aligned regularly.