Viurcos-Sanabria R, Escobedo G. Immunometabolic bases of type 2 diabetes in the severity of COVID-19. World J Diabetes 2021; 12(7): 1026-1041 [PMID: 34326952 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.1026]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Galileo Escobedo, PhD, Full Professor, Laboratorio de Proteómica, Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General de Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Dr. Balmis 148, Mexico City 06720, Mexico. gescobedog@msn.com
Research Domain of This Article
Immunology
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2021; 12(7): 1026-1041 Published online Jul 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.1026
Immunometabolic bases of type 2 diabetes in the severity of COVID-19
Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria, Galileo Escobedo
Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria, Research Division, Hospital General de México, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
Galileo Escobedo, Laboratorio de Proteómica, Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General de Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
Author contributions: Viurcos-Sanabria R and Escobedo G read the literature and wrote the manuscript; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported bythe Fondo Sectorial de Investigación para la Educación-CONACYT-México, No. CB-2016-01-286209; and the Fondo Sectorial de Investigación y Desarrollo en Salud y Seguridad Social SS/IMSS/ISSSTE/CONACYT-México, No. SALUD-2017-02-290345.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Galileo Escobedo, PhD, Full Professor, Laboratorio de Proteómica, Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General de Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Dr. Balmis 148, Mexico City 06720, Mexico. gescobedog@msn.com
Received: February 3, 2021 Peer-review started: February 3, 2021 First decision: March 1, 2021 Revised: April 16, 2021 Accepted: June 16, 2021 Article in press: June 16, 2021 Published online: July 15, 2021 Processing time: 158 Days and 14.3 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) acts in synergy with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection to increase the progression, severity, and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, the immunometabolic bases of the main etiological factors of T2D that contribute to the severity of COVID-19 should be studied. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which immune cells, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, loss of pancreatic β-cell mass, insulin resistance, advanced glycation end products, endothelial dysfunction, and prothrombotic state contribute to the severity of COVID-19. The syndemic between COVID-19 and T2D has challenged our ability to identify patients with high mortality risk based on scientific evidence.
