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©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2021; 12(3): 261-277
Published online Mar 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i3.261
Published online Mar 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i3.261
Causal effect of education on type 2 diabetes: A network Mendelian randomization study
Li-Zhen Liao, Wei-Dong Li, Department ofHealth, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong Province, China
Li-Zhen Liao, Wei-Dong Li, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
Zhi-Chong Chen, Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
Xiao-Dong Zhuang, Xin-Xue Liao, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
Author contributions: Liao LZ and Chen ZC conceived the study and contributed equally to this study; Li WD completed the analyses; Zhuang XD led the writing; Liao XX supervised the study.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China , No. 81701378 .
Institutional review board statement: Not applicable.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xin-Xue Liao, PhD, Chief Physician, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China. liaoxinx@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Received: July 27, 2020
Peer-review started: July 27, 2020
First decision: November 4, 2020
Revised: November 10, 2020
Accepted: December 23, 2020
Article in press: December 23, 2020
Published online: March 15, 2021
Peer-review started: July 27, 2020
First decision: November 4, 2020
Revised: November 10, 2020
Accepted: December 23, 2020
Article in press: December 23, 2020
Published online: March 15, 2021
Core Tip
Core Tip: Genetically predicted education was negatively causally associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The odds ratio for T2DM was 0.392 (95%CI: 0.263-0.583) per standard deviation increase (3.6 years) in education. Body mass index might serve as a potential mediator.