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©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact on dietary intake of a self-directed, gender-tailored diabetes prevention program in men
Megan E Rollo, Elroy J Aguiar, Kirrilly M Pursey, Philip J Morgan, Ronald C Plotnikoff, Myles D Young, Clare E Collins, Robin Callister
Megan E Rollo, Kirrilly M Pursey, Clare E Collins, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
Elroy J Aguiar, Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
Philip J Morgan, Ronald C Plotnikoff, Myles D Young, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
Robin Callister, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
Author contributions: Aguiar EJ, Morgan PJ, Plotnikoff RC, Young MD, Collins CE and Callister R conceptualised and designed the study and resources; Aguiar EJ was responsible for the administration of the study protocol and data collection; Pursey KM performed the statistical analysis and Rollo ME drafted the manuscript; all authors provided critical revisions of the manuscript and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by Hunter Medical Research Institute Lions Club District 201N3 Diabetes Foundation (HMRI Project Grant 11-12); and Hunter Medical Research Institute Aurizon (HMRI Project Grant 12-05).
Institutional review board statement: This study received ethical approval from the University of Newcastle’s Human Ethics Research Committee (H-2012-0232).
Clinical trial registration statement: The trial is registered at https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12612000721808. The registration identification number is ACTRN12612000721808.
Informed consent statement: All study participants provided informed written consent prior to study enrolment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Megan E Rollo, PhD, BHlthSci (Nutr and Diet), BAppSci, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
megan.rollo@newcastle.edu.au
Telephone: +61-2-49215649 Fax: +61-2-49217053
Received: December 20, 2016
Peer-review started: December 25, 2016
First decision: January 16, 2017
Revised: March 3, 2017
Accepted: March 23, 2017
Article in press: March 24, 2017
Published online: August 15, 2017
Processing time: 233 Days and 22.4 Hours
AIM
To investigate changes in dietary intake following a 6-mo randomised controlled trial of the self-directed, gender-tailored type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Prevention Using LifeStyle Education (PULSE) program in men.
METHODS
Men aged 18-65 years, with a body mass index (BMI) 25-40 kg/m2, and at high risk for developing T2DM were recruited from the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. Eligible participants were randomised into one of two groups: (1) waitlist control; or (2) PULSE intervention. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and immediately post-program using the Australian Eating Survey food frequency questionnaire and diet quality measured using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS).
RESULTS
One hundred and one participants (n = 48, control; n = 53, intervention, mean age 52.3 ± 9.7 years, BMI of 32.6 ± 3.3 kg/m2) commenced the study. Following the active phase, differences between groups were observed for proportion of total energy consumed from healthful (core) foods (+7.6%EI, P < 0.001), energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods (-7.6%EI, P < 0.001), sodium (-369 mg, P = 0.047), and diet quality (ARFS) (+4.3, P = 0.004), including sub-scales for fruit (+1.1, P = 0.03), meat (+0.9, P = 0.004) and non-meat protein (+0.5, P = 0.03).
CONCLUSION
The PULSE prevention program’s nutrition messages led to significant improvements in dietary intake in men at risk of T2DM.
Core tip: In the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention programs, only recently has the effect on diet quality been reported. However, no studies have examined the effect on diet of a program designed exclusively for men. This study reports on the dietary outcomes following the self-directed T2DM Prevention Using LifeStyle Education (PULSE) program. Following completion of the PULSE program, men receiving the intervention significantly reduced intake of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and portion size. In addition, the intervention group increased overall diet quality and greater variety within healthful food groups.
