Retrospective Study
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World J Diabetes. Nov 15, 2017; 8(11): 475-483
Published online Nov 15, 2017. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i11.475
Reproductive disturbances among Saudi adolescent girls and young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Rim Braham, Asirvatham Alwin Robert, Maha Ali Musallam, Abdulaziz Alanazi, Nawaf Bin Swedan, Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Rim Braham, Asirvatham Alwin Robert, Maha Ali Musallam, Abdulaziz Alanazi, Nawaf Bin Swedan, Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
Institutional review board statement: The study protocol was approved by the Research and Ethics committee of Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Informed consent statement: During the informed consent process, study participants are assured that data collected will be used only for stated purposes and will not be disclosed or released to others without the consent of the participants.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors have no conflict of interests and the work was not supported or funded by any drug company.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dr. Rim Braham, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, P.O. Box 7897, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia. rim.braham2@aphp.fr
Telephone: +966-1-4777714
Received: May 15, 2017
Peer-review started: May 19, 2017
First decision: July 20, 2017
Revised: August 8, 2017
Accepted: October 16, 2017
Article in press: October 17, 2017
Published online: November 15, 2017
Processing time: 186 Days and 1.4 Hours
Abstract
AIM

To identify reproductive disturbances among adolescent girls and young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

This cross sectional study was conducted among 102 female with T1DM, (aged 13-29 years) who attended the Diabetes Clinic at Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia between April 2015 to March 2016. Clinical history, anthropometric characteristics and reproductive disturbance were collected through a questionnaire.

RESULTS

Of 102 patients included in this analysis, 26.5% (27/102) were reported that they experienced an irregular menses. Of these patients, when compared to whose diabetes was diagnosed before menarche (35.4%, 17/48), patients diagnosed with diabetes after menarche (18.5%, 10/54) showed significantly less irregular menses (difference 16.9%, P = 0.04). Similarly, compared to patients diagnosed with diabetes prior to menarche (mean age 12.9 years; n = 48), patients diagnosed with diabetes after menarche (mean age 12.26 years; n = 54) were found to have 0.64 years delay in the age of menarche (P = 0.04). Among the studied patients, 15.7% (16/102) had polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Of these PCOS patients, 37.5% (6/16) had irregular menses, 6.3% (1/16) had Celiac disease, 37.5% (6/16) had Hashimoto thyroiditis and 18.7% (3/16) had acne.

CONCLUSION

More than one fourth of the study population with T1DM experiencing an irregular menses. Adolescent girls and young women diagnosed with diabetes prior to menarche showed higher menstrual irregularity and a delay in the age of menarche.

Keywords: Type 1 diabetes; Reproductive disturbances; Polycystic ovarian syndrome; Premature ovarian failure; Menarche; Saudi Arabia

Core tip: The present study found more than one fourth of the adolescent girls and young women with type 1 diabetes experiencing an irregular menses. Adolescent girls and young women diagnosed with diabetes prior to menarche reported 16.9% higher menstrual irregularity and 0.64 years delay in the age of menarche.