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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Jul 10, 2015; 6(7): 927-935
Published online Jul 10, 2015. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i7.927
Relationship between diabetes and periodontal infection
Fernando Llambés, Santiago Arias-Herrera, Raúl Caffesse
Fernando Llambés, Department of Stomatology, Dentistry University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Santiago Arias-Herrera, Section of Graduate Periodontology-Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Raúl Caffesse, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Author contributions: Llambés F, Arias-Herrera S and Caffesse R contributed equally to this work; Llambés F designed the research; Llambés F, Arias-Herrera S and Caffesse R performed the research; Llambés F, Arias-Herrera S and Caffesse R contributed new reagents/analytic tools; Llambés F, Arias-Herrera S and Caffesse R analyzed the data; Llambés F, Arias-Herrera S and Caffesse R wrote the paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Fernando Llambés, DDS, PhD, Department of Stomatology, Dentistry University of Valencia, la Pechina 51, esc2, pta3, 46010 Valencia, Spain. fernando.llambes@gmail.com
Telephone: +34-96-3518437 Fax: +34-96-3106744
Received: October 21, 2014
Peer-review started: October 21, 2014
First decision: November 14, 2014
Revised: February 25, 2015
Accepted: March 18, 2015
Article in press: March 20, 2015
Published online: July 10, 2015
Processing time: 261 Days and 21.7 Hours
Abstract

Periodontal disease is a high prevalent disease. In the United States 47.2% of adults ≥ 30 years old have been diagnosed with some type of periodontitis. Longitudinal studies have demonstrated a two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontitis, with more severe periodontal tissue destruction in diabetic patients and poorer glycemic control in diabetic subjects with periodontal disease. Periodontal treatment can be successful in diabetic patients. Short term effects of periodontal treatment are similar in diabetic patients and healthy population but, more recurrence of periodontal disease can be expected in no well controlled diabetic individuals. However, effects of periodontitis and its treatment on diabetes metabolic control are not clearly defined and results of the studies remain controversial.

Keywords: Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Periodontitis; Periodontal disease; Periodontal treatment; Scaling and root planning; Non surgical periodontal treatment; Antibiotic; Glycosylated hemoglobin; C-reactive protein

Core tip: Longitudinal studies have demonstrated a two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontitis, with more severe periodontal tissue destruction in diabetic patients and poorer glycemic control in diabetic subjects with periodontal disease. Periodontal treatment can be successful in diabetic patients, but more recurrence of periodontal disease can be expected in non well controlled diabetic individuals. However, effects of periodontitis and its treatment on diabetes metabolic control are not clearly defined and results of the studies remain controversial. Recommendations for future investigations are included in this review.