Review
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World J Diabetes. Feb 15, 2013; 4(1): 1-7
Published online Feb 15, 2013. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i1.1
Insulin therapies: Current and future trends at dawn
Subhashini Yaturu
Subhashini Yaturu, Endocrinology Section, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, United States
Author contributions: Yaturu S solely contributed to this work.
Correspondence to: Subhashini Yaturu, Professor, MD, Chief, Endocrinology Section, Stratton VA Medical Center, 113 Holland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, United States. subhashini.yaturu@va.gov
Telephone: +1-518-6265642 Fax: +1-518-6265628
Received: September 14, 2012
Revised: November 15, 2012
Accepted: January 23, 2013
Published online: February 15, 2013
Processing time: 181 Days and 16.9 Hours
Abstract

Insulin is a key player in the control of hyperglycemia for type 1 diabetes patients and selective individuals in patients of type 2 diabetes. Insulin delivery systems that are currently available for the administration of insulin include insulin syringes, insulin infusion pumps, jet injectors and pens. The traditional and most predictable method for the administration of insulin is by subcutaneous injections. The major drawback of current forms of insulin therapy is their invasive nature. To decrease the suffering, the use of supersonic injectors, infusion pumps, sharp needles and pens has been adopted. Such invasive and intensive techniques have spurred the search for alternative, more acceptable methods for administering insulin. Several non-invasive approaches for insulin delivery are being pursued. The newer methods explored include the artificial pancreas with closed-loop system, transdermal insulin, and buccal, oral and pulmonary routes. This review focuses on the new concepts that are being explored for use in future.

Keywords: Diabetes; Insulin therapy; Insulin delivery systems; Oral insulin; Transdermal insulin; Inhaled insulin