Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Jun 15, 2025; 16(6): 103370
Published online Jun 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i6.103370
Lipid metabolism of Acetobacter pasteurianus and its main components with hypoglycemic effects
Wen-Yan Xu, Wen-Ting Zhou, Jia-Zi Luo, Yu-Ying Jiang, Kai Zhang, Shu-Yan Zhang, Ping-Sheng Liu, Hong-Yu Wei, Yan-Qiang Huang
Wen-Yan Xu, Wen-Ting Zhou, Jia-Zi Luo, Yu-Ying Jiang, Hong-Yu Wei, Yan-Qiang Huang, Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Wen-Yan Xu, Wen-Ting Zhou, Jia-Zi Luo, Yu-Ying Jiang, Hong-Yu Wei, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Clinical Prevention and Control Technology and Leading Drug for Microorganisms with Drug Resistance in Border Ethnic Areas, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Wen-Yan Xu, Wen-Ting Zhou, Jia-Zi Luo, Yu-Ying Jiang, Hong-Yu Wei, The University Key Laboratory of prevention and Control to Drug-resistant Microbial Infection in Guangxi, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Kai Zhang, School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan Province, China
Shu-Yan Zhang, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
Ping-Sheng Liu, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Ping-Sheng Liu, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Co-corresponding authors: Hong-Yu Wei and Yan-Qiang Huang.
Author contributions: Xu WY performed the experiments and acquired the data; Zhou WT and Luo JZ modified and enhanced the experimental images; Jiang YY interpreted and analyzed the data; Zhang K, Zhang SY, and Liu PS wrote or guided the writing of the manuscript; Wei HY and Huang YQ designed, checked, and finalized the manuscript, and contributed equally to this work; All authors approved the final version of the article.
Supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Projects, No. AA23073012; and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 32360035 and No. 32060018.
Institutional review board statement: This study did not involve human experimentation.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: All procedures involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities (No. 2023071101).
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The authors have read the ARRIVE Guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE Guidelines.
Data sharing statement: All data included in this study are available upon request by contact with the corresponding author at why-825@163.com.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Hong-Yu Wei, MD, Assistant Professor, Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98 Countryside Road, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. why-825@163.com
Received: December 20, 2024
Revised: March 14, 2025
Accepted: April 25, 2025
Published online: June 15, 2025
Processing time: 176 Days and 10.1 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Probiotic Acetobacter pasteurianus is used to treat diabetes, but its specific hypoglycemic substances and mechanisms remain unclear.

AIM

To investigate the components for lipid metabolism of A. pasteurianus and its hypoglycemic effects, providing a basis for its broader application.

METHODS

The lipid metabolism of A. pasteurianus under different growth conditions was analyzed using lipidomics. Neutral lipid staining in A. pasteurianus cells and the formation of lipid droplet-like structures were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The neutral lipid components were also analyzed using thin layer chromatography. A diabetic mouse model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of the main lipid components of A. pasteurianus and their role in repairing tissues such as the pancreas.

RESULTS

After comparing the effects of three culture media, namely, brain heart infusion (BHI) medium with 2% glucose, chromium-rich and zinc-rich medium, and mineral salt medium, A. pasteurianus grew well in BHI containing 2% glucose and produced the most lipids. A total of 583 lipid metabolic products was identified, with higher levels of coenzyme Q9 (CoQ9), oleic acid (OA), and wax ester, but no triacylglycerol was observed. It was found that the components that affected lipid metabolism in A. pasteurianus were mainly CoQ9 and OA. They exhibited hypoglycemic effects comparable to metformin in diabetic mice, repaired damaged pancreatic tissues, and did not cause damage to the liver and spleen.

CONCLUSION

Under high-nutrient growth conditions, A. pasteurianus contains abundant lipid components, such as CoQ9 and OA, with good hypoglycemic effects.

Keywords: Acetobacter pasteurianus; Lipid metabolism; Neutral lipids; Lipid droplets; Hypoglycemic effects

Core Tip: Research has shown that Acetobacter pasteurianus plays an effective role in alleviating diabetes. Therefore, we investigated its lipid metabolism, main lipid components, and hypoglycemic effects. We found that A. pasteurianus produces various lipids, with coenzyme Q9 and oleic acid being the most abundant components that have hypoglycemic effects, and can repair damaged pancreatic tissues. This provides a theoretical basis for promoting A. pasteurianus for its antidiabetic properties.