Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. May 15, 2025; 16(5): 103244
Published online May 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i5.103244
Effect of beinaglutide, a thrice-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist, on body weight and metabolic parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul-Hasan, Vanishri Ganakumar, Lakshmi Nagendra, Deep Dutta, M Rafiqul Islam, Joseph M Pappachan
Abul Bashar Mohammad Kamrul-Hasan, Department of Endocrinology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
Vanishri Ganakumar, Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
Lakshmi Nagendra, Department of Endocrinology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
Deep Dutta, Department of Endocrinology, CEDAR Superspeciality Healthcare, New Delhi 110075, Delhi, India
M Rafiqul Islam, Department of Internal Medicine, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Joseph M Pappachan, Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom
Joseph M Pappachan, Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
Author contributions: Kamrul-Hasan ABM and Dutta D were responsible for the conceptualization; Ganakumar V, Nagendra L, Dutta D, and Islam MR were responsible for the methodology; Kamrul-Hasan ABM and Nagendra L were responsible for the software; Dutta D and Pappachan JM were responsible for the validation; Kamrul-Hasan ABM and Islam MR were responsible for the formal analysis; Pappachan JM was responsible for the investigation; Kamrul-Hasan ABM, Ganakumar V, Nagendra L, Dutta D, Islam MR, and Pappachan JM were responsible for the resources; Kamrul-Hasan ABM was responsible for the data curation and project administration; Kamrul-Hasan ABM and Ganakumar V were responsible for the original draft preparation; Islam MR and Pappachan JM were responsible for the reviewing and editing; Nagendra L was responsible for the visualization; Pappachan JM was responsible for the supervision.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have nothing to declare.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Joseph M Pappachan, MD, FRCP, Professor, Senior Researcher, Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, All Saints Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom. drpappachan@yahoo.co.in
Received: November 13, 2024
Revised: February 12, 2025
Accepted: February 25, 2025
Published online: May 15, 2025
Processing time: 163 Days and 11.7 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Beinaglutide, a short-acting glucagon-like polypeptide-1 receptor agonist, has shown variable efficacy in weight reduction and metabolic control in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

AIM

To summarize the therapeutic effects of beinaglutide in patients with overweight/obesity with/without type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

RCTs involving patients receiving beinaglutide in the intervention arm and placebo or active comparator in the control arm were searched through multiple electronic databases. The change from baseline in body weight was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included changes in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, glycemic parameters, lipids, and adverse events (AEs). RevMan web was used to conduct meta-analysis using random-effects models. Outcomes were presented as mean differences (MDs), odds ratios (ORs), or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).

RESULTS

Six RCTs (n = 800) with mostly some concerns about the risk of bias were included. Over 12-24 weeks, beinaglutide 0.1-0.2 mg thrice daily was superior to the control group in reducing total (MD = -3.25 kg, 95%CI: -4.52 to -1.98, I2 = 84%, P < 0.00001) and percent (MD = -4.13%, 95%CI: -4.87 to -3.39, I2 = 54%, P < 0.00001) body weight reduction. Beinaglutide also outperformed the control group in achieving weight loss by 5% (OR 4.61) and 10% (OR = 5.34). The superiority of beinaglutide vs the control group was also found in reducing BMI (MD = -1.22 kg/m2, 95%CI: -1.67 to -0.77) and WC (MD = -2.47 cm, 95%CI: -3.74 to -1.19]). Beinaglutide and the control group had comparable impacts on blood pressure, glycemic parameters, insulin resistance, hepatic transaminases, and lipid profile. Beinaglutide posed higher risks of treatment discontinuation due to AEs (RR = 3.15), nausea (RR = 4.51), vomiting (RR = 8.19), palpitation (RR = 3.95), headache (RR = 2.87), and dizziness (RR = 6.07) than the control. However, the two groups had identical risks of total and serious AEs, diarrhea, fatigue, and hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSION

Short-term data from RCTs suggested that beinaglutide causes modest benefits in reducing body weight, BMI, and WC, with no significant difference in glycemic and other metabolic endpoints compared to the control arm. Safety data were consistent with those of the other drugs in the glucagon-like polypeptide-1 receptor agonist class. Larger RCTs are warranted to prove the longer-term metabolic benefits of beinaglutide.

Keywords: Beinaglutide; Glucagon-like polypeptide-1 receptor agonist; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes; Weight reduction; Meta-analysis

Core Tip: This systematic review assessed available randomized controlled trials involving patients receiving beinaglutide, a short-acting glucagon-like polypeptide-1 receptor agonist. Beinaglutide at doses of 0.1-0.2 mg three times daily for 12-24 weeks was more effective than the control group at reducing body weight. Beinaglutide also demonstrated superiority over the control group in reducing body mass index and waist circumference. Beinaglutide posed greater risks of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events, including nausea, vomiting, palpitations, headaches, and dizziness, compared to the control group. However, the two groups had identical risks of total and serious adverse events, diarrhea, fatigue, and hypoglycemia.