Letter to the Editor
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2024; 15(3): 572-574
Published online Mar 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.572
Regulatory role of peroxynitrite in advanced glycation end products mediated diabetic cardiovascular complications
Asis Bala
Asis Bala, Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
Author contributions: Bala A solely planned and wrote the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict of interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Asis Bala, PhD, Associate Professor, Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India. asisbala@iasst.gov.in
Received: November 28, 2023
Peer-review started: November 28, 2023
First decision: January 15, 2024
Revised: January 15, 2024
Accepted: February 6, 2024
Article in press: February 6, 2024
Published online: March 15, 2024
Abstract

The Advanced Glycation End Products (AGE) binding with its receptor can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through specific signaling mediators. The effect of superoxide (O2-) and O2- mediated ROS and reactive nitrogen species depends on their concentration and location of formation. Nitric oxide (NO) has anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties and a vasodilation effect, but NO can be deactivated by reacting with O2-. This reaction between NO and O2- produces the potent oxidant ONOO−. Therefore, ONOO-'s regulatory role in AGEs in diabetic cardiovascular complications must considered as a regulator of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.

Keywords: Diabetes, Cardiovascular complication, Advanced glycation end products, Reactive oxygen species, Reactive nitrogen species, Peroxynitrite

Core Tip: The binding of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGE) to its receptor triggers the activation of signaling mediators that promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The impact of ROS on the body can be beneficial or harmful, depending on its concentration and location. In diabetic cardiovascular complications, peroxynitrite (ONOO-) plays a crucial role in vascular changes. ROS, derived from NADPH oxidase, regulates host immune responses and cellular inflammation. The production of superoxide (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and other compounds occurs as oxygen undergoes a series of reductions. It is essential to consider the presence of ONOO- in AGEs in diabetic cardiovascular complications.