Ray S, Palui R. Immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes: Novel pathway to the future ahead. World J Diabetes 2024; 15(10): 2022-2035 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2022]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Rajan Palui, MBBS, MD, DM, Associate Specialist, Department of Endocrinology, The Mission Hospital, Bidhannagar, Durgapur 713212, India. rajanpalui@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Article-Type of This Article
Editorial
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2024; 15(10): 2022-2035 Published online Oct 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2022
Immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes: Novel pathway to the future ahead
Sayantan Ray, Rajan Palui
Sayantan Ray, Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, India
Rajan Palui, Department of Endocrinology, The Mission Hospital, Durgapur 713212, India
Author contributions: Ray S conceptualized the work, performed a literature search, supervised the writing, provided intellectual input, and critically revised the manuscript; Palui R supervised the literature search and writing, provided intellectual input, and critically revised the manuscript; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Rajan Palui, MBBS, MD, DM, Associate Specialist, Department of Endocrinology, The Mission Hospital, Bidhannagar, Durgapur 713212, India. rajanpalui@gmail.com
Received: June 8, 2024 Revised: July 23, 2024 Accepted: July 26, 2024 Published online: October 15, 2024 Processing time: 109 Days and 16.8 Hours
Abstract
Since the discovery of insulin over 100 years ago, the focus of research in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has centered around glycemic control and management of complications rather than the prevention of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Fortunately, in recent years, there has been significant advancement in immune-targeted pharmacotherapy to halt the natural progression of T1D. The immune-targeted intervention aims to alter the underlying pathogenesis of T1D by targeting different aspects of the immune system. The immunotherapy can either antagonize the immune mediators like T cells, B cells or cytokines (antibody-based therapy), or reinduce self-tolerance to pancreatic β cells (antigen-based therapy) or stem-cell treatment. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the first immunotherapy teplizumab to be used only in stage 2 of T1D. However, the window of opportunity to practically implement this approved molecule in the selected target population is limited. In this Editorial, we briefly discuss the various promising recent developments in the field of immunotherapy research in T1D. However, further studies of these newer therapeutic agents are needed to explore their true potential for prevention or cure of T1D.
Core tip: There has been a paradigm shift in research on type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the last decade. From managing the consequences of β cell death to prevention of β cell destruction, immunotherapy is showing the path forward. Recent regulatory approval of teplizumab in stage 2 of T1D marks the first significant advance in research of immunotherapy. In this Editorial, we briefly explore the recent developments and prospects in the field of immunotherapy in T1D encompassing antibody-based therapy, antigen-based therapy, and stem-cell-based immunotherapy.
