Clinical Trials Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Dec 15, 2023; 14(12): 1803-1812
Published online Dec 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1803
Relationship between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes with albuminuria
Yi-Ying Liu, Qin Wan
Yi-Ying Liu, Department of Endocrinology, Deyang People’s Hospital, Deyang 618000, Sichuan Province, China
Qin Wan, Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
Author contributions: Liu YY was responsible for experimental design and implementation, and paper writing; Wan Q was responsible for quality review and control.
Supported by the Key R&D Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, No. 2016YFC0901200 and 2016YFC0901205.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University.
Clinical trial registration statement: As the study was retrospective and non-interventional, it was not clinically registered.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Qin Wan, upon reasonable request.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 Statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Qin Wan, Doctor, Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China. wanqin3@163.com
Received: September 1, 2023
Peer-review started: September 1, 2023
First decision: September 29, 2023
Revised: October 10, 2023
Accepted: November 28, 2023
Article in press: November 28, 2023
Published online: December 15, 2023
Processing time: 103 Days and 19.9 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the common complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D). There are no typical symptoms in the early stage, and the disease will progress to moderate and late stage when albuminuria reaches a high level. Treatment is difficult and the prognosis is poor. At present, the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease is still unclear, and it is believed that it is associated with genetic and environmental factors.

AIM

To explore the relationship between the glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) gene rs780094 polymorphism and T2D with albuminuria.

METHODS

We selected 252 patients (126 males and 126 females) with T2D admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to October 2020, and 66 healthy people (44 females and 22 males). According to the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, the subjects were divided into group I (control), group II (T2D with normoalbuminuria), group III (T2D with microalbuminuria), and group IV (T2D with macroalbuminuria). Additionly, the subjects were divided into group M (normal group) or group N (albuminuria group) according to whether they developed albuminuria. We detected the GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism (C/T) of all subjects, and measured the correlation between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism (C/T) and T2D with albuminuria.

RESULTS

Gene distribution and genotype distribution among groups I-IV accorded with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genotype frequency was significantly different among the four groups (P = 0.048, χ2 = 7.906). T allele frequency in groups II, III, and IV was significantly higher than that in group I. Logistic regression analysis of the risk factors for T2D with albuminuria showed that the CT + TT genotype (odds ratio = 1.710, 95% confidence interval: 1.172-2.493) was a risk factor.

CONCLUSION

CT + TT genotype is a risk factor for T2D with albuminuria. In the future, we can assess the risk of individuals carrying susceptible genes to delay the onset of T2D.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Albuminuria; Glucokinase regulatory protein rs780094; Gene polymorphism

Core Tip: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes with no typical clinical manifestations at the beginning of the disease, and treatment efficacy is poor. Currently, it is believed that the pathogenesis of DN is associated with environmental and genetic factors. In this study, we found that CT + TT genotype in glucokinase regulatory protein rs780094 is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes complicated with albuminuria at the genetic level.