Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Jun 15, 2022; 13(6): 442-453
Published online Jun 15, 2022. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i6.442
Preparation and hypoglycemic effects of chromium- and zinc-rich Acetobacter aceti
Yong-Yi Huang, Xiang-Kun Qin, Yuan-Yuan Dai, Liang Huang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xian Wei, Yan-Qiang Huang
Yong-Yi Huang, Xiang-Kun Qin, Yuan-Yuan Dai, Liang Huang, Gan-Rong Huang, Yan-Chun Qin, Xian Wei, Yan-Qiang Huang, Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infection, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Author contributions: Huang YY was responsible for the experimental research; Qin XK, Dai YY, Huang L, and Huang GR consulted the literature and wrote the first draft, then corrected and improved the manuscript; Wei X and Huang YQ designed, checked, modified, and finalized the manuscript, contributed equally to this work, and agreed to serve as co-corresponding authors; All authors proofread the revised manuscript.
Supported by the Fourth Self-funded Projects of Baise Scientific Research and Technology Development Plan, No. 20203402; and School-level Scientific Research Project of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. yy2021sk029.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: All procedures involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Data sharing statement: All experimental data are presented in the paper.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The authors have read the ARRIVE Guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE Guidelines.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xian Wei, MD, Associated Professor, Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Resistant Microbial Infection, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98 ChengXiang Road, Youjiang District, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. 27848258@qq.com
Received: March 1, 2022
Peer-review started: March 1, 2022
First decision: April 17, 2022
Revised: April 25, 2022
Accepted: May 21, 2022
Article in press: May 21, 2022
Published online: June 15, 2022
Processing time: 98 Days and 16.9 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

At present, there is no ideal method to cure diabetes, and there are few reports on the treatment of diabetes with probiotics.

AIM

To propose a method for preparing a new type of chromium- and zinc-rich Acetobacter aceti (A. aceti) and explore its ability to enhance the hypoglycemic effects of probiotics in the treatment of diabetes.

METHODS

A. aceti was cultured in a liquid medium that contained chromium trichloride and zinc chloride, both at a concentration of 64 mg/mL, with the initial concentration of the bacterial solution 1 × 104 CFU/mL. After the bacterial solution had been inducted for 48 h, the culture media was changed and the induction was repeated once. The levels of chromium and zinc in the bacteria were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the contents of NADH and glucose dehydrogenase were determined using an NAD/NADH kit and glucose dehydrogenase kit, respectively. Streptozotocin was used to establish a mouse model to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of the proposed chromium- and zinc-rich A. aceti. Ten-times the therapeutic dose was administered to evaluate its biological safety. The effect on MIN6 islet cells was also assessed in vitro.

RESULTS

The levels of chromium metal, metallic zinc, NADH coenzyme, and glucose dehydrogenase in A. aceti prepared by this method were 28.58-34.34 mg/kg, 5.35-7.52 mg/kg, 5.13-7.26 μM, and 446.812-567.138 U/g, respectively. The use of these bacteria resulted in a better hypoglycemic effect than metformin, promoting the repair of tissues and cells of pancreatic islets in vivo and facilitating the growth of MIN6 pancreatic islet cells and increasing insulin secretion in vitro. Ten-times the therapeutic dose of treatment was non-toxic to mice.

CONCLUSION

Chromium trichloride and zinc chloride can be employed to induce the preparation of chromium- and zinc-rich A. aceti, which can then promote the hypoglycemic effect found in normal A. aceti. The bacteria biotransforms the chromium and zinc in a way that could increase their safety as a treatment for diabetes.

Keywords: Acetobacter aceti; Chromium; Zinc; Enrichment; Blood sugar decrease

Core Tip: At present, there are no ideal drugs to treat diabetes. Acetobacter and other probiotics can be used in the treatment of diabetes, but their effect is not significant. The focus of this study is to determine if enriching chromium and zinc in Acetobacter aceti could enhance the hypoglycemic effect of this probiotic. In this study, metal compounds were used to induce A. aceti to enrich chromium and zinc concentrations, and the effects of these metal-enriched bacteria on the hypoglycemic effect were assessed. These chromium- and zinc-rich bacteria were able to increase the hypoglycemic effect and, due to low toxicity, have good prospects as a treatment for diabetes.