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Zhou P, Li T, Zhao J, Al-Ansi W, Fan M, Qian H, Li Y, Wang L. Grain bound polyphenols: Molecular interactions, release characteristics, and regulation mechanisms of postprandial hyperglycemia. Food Res Int 2025; 208:116291. [PMID: 40263868 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
Frequent postprandial hyperglycemia causes many chronic diseases. Grain polyphenols are widely recognized as natural active ingredients with high potential to treat chronic diseases due to their excellent postprandial hyperglycemic regulating effects. However, previous studies on polyphenols in grains mainly focused on the functional properties of free polyphenols and the extraction and physicochemical properties of bound polyphenols, ignoring the functional properties of bound polyphenols. Comprehensively understanding the binding properties of grain bound polyphenols (GBPs) and their mechanisms in regulating blood glucose levels is essential for developing and applying grain resources. This review summarizes the molecular interactions between GBPs and grain components and their effects on release characteristics and bioavailability at various stages. Meanwhile, the review focuses on elucidating the regulatory mechanism of post-release GBPs on postprandial hyperglycemia levels, incorporating insights from molecular docking, the gastrointestinal-brain axis, and gut flora. GBPs slow food digestion by occupying the active site of digestive enzymes and altering the secondary structure of enzymes and the hydrophobic environment of amino acid residues to inhibit enzyme activity. They modulate intestinal epithelial transport proteins (SGLT1, GLUT2, and GLUT4) to limit glucose absorption and increase glucose consumption. They also stimulate the release of short-term satiety hormones (CKK, GLP-1, and PYY) through the gastrointestinal-brain axis to decrease post-meal food intake. Furthermore, they optimize gut microbiota composition, promoting short-chain fatty acid production and bile acid metabolism. Therefore, developing functional foods with glucose-modulating properties based on GBPs is crucial for obesity prevention, diabetes management, and low-GI food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- College of Cooking Science and Technology, Jiangsu College of Tourism, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Waleed Al-Ansi
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Lapauw L, Rutten A, Dupont J, Amini N, Vercauteren L, Derrien M, Raes J, Gielen E. Associations between gut microbiota and sarcopenia or its defining parameters in older adults: A systematic review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:2190-2207. [PMID: 39192550 PMCID: PMC11634501 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered gut microbiota (GM) potentially contribute to development or worsening of sarcopenia through a gut-muscle axis. This systematic review aims to compare GM between persons with sarcopenia or low sarcopenia-defining parameters (muscle mass, strength, and physical performance) to those with preserved muscle status, as well as to clarify possible associations between sarcopenia (-defining parameters) and relative abundance (RA) of GM-taxa or GM-(α- or β) diversity indices, in order to clarify whether there is robust evidence of the existence of a GM signature for sarcopenia. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA-reporting guideline and pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021259597). PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane library were searched until 20 July 2023. Included studies reported on GM and sarcopenia or its defining parameters. Observational studies were included with populations of mean age ≥50 years. Thirty-two studies totalling 10 781 persons (58.56% ♀) were included. Thirteen studies defined sarcopenia as a construct. Nineteen studies reported at least one sarcopenia-defining parameter (muscle mass, strength or physical performance). Studies found different GM-taxa at multiple levels to be significantly associated with sarcopenia (n = 4/6), muscle mass (n = 13/14), strength (n = 7/9), and physical performance (n = 3/3); however, directions of associations were heterogeneous and also conflicting for specific GM-taxa. Regarding β-diversity, studies found GM of persons with sarcopenia, low muscle mass, or low strength to cluster differently compared with persons with preserved muscle status. α-diversity was low in persons with sarcopenia or low muscle mass as compared with those with preserved muscle status, indicating low richness and diversity. In line with this, α-diversity was significantly and positively associated with muscle mass (n = 3/4) and muscle strength (n = 2/3). All reported results were significant (P < 0.05). Persons with sarcopenia and low muscle parameters have less rich and diverse GM and can be separated from persons with preserved muscle mass and function based on GM-composition. Sarcopenia and low muscle parameters are also associated with different GM-taxa at multiple levels, but results were heterogeneous and no causal conclusions could be made due to the cross-sectional design of the studies. This emphasizes the need for uniformly designed cross-sectional and longitudinal trials with appropriate GM confounder control in large samples of persons with sarcopenia and clearly defined core outcome sets in order to further explore changes in GM-taxa and to determine a sarcopenia-specific GM-signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lapauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Gerontology and GeriatricsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Aurélie Rutten
- Division of Gerontology and GeriatricsZuyderland Medisch CentrumSittardThe Netherlands
| | - Jolan Dupont
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Gerontology and GeriatricsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Division of Gerontology and GeriatricsUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Nadjia Amini
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Gerontology and GeriatricsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Laura Vercauteren
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Gerontology and GeriatricsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Muriel Derrien
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for MicrobiologyLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB Center for MicrobiologyLeuvenBelgium
| | - Evelien Gielen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Division of Gerontology and GeriatricsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Division of Gerontology and GeriatricsZuyderland Medisch CentrumSittardThe Netherlands
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Tao J, Gong Y, Chen S, Li W, Xie R, Zhang H, Chen N, Huang X, Li S. Dietary inclusion of Clostridium butyricum cultures alleviated impacts of high-carbohydrate diets in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1308-1325. [PMID: 38073302 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
A 60-d feeding trial was conducted to explore the potential regulatory effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum cultures (CBC) supplementation in high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) on carbohydrate utilisation, antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass. Triplicate groups of largemouth bass (average weight 35·03 ± 0·04 g), with a destiny of twenty-eight individuals per tank, were fed low-carbohydrate diet and HCD supplemented with different concentration of CBC (0 %, 0·25 %, 0·50 % and 1·00 %). The results showed that dietary CBC inclusion alleviated the hepatic glycogen accumulation induced by HCD intake. Additionally, the expression of hepatic ampkα1 and insulin signaling pathway-related genes (ira, irb, irs, p13kr1 and akt1) increased linearly with dietary CBC inclusion, which might be associated with the activation of glycolysis-related genes (gk, pfkl and pk). Meanwhile, the expression of intestinal SCFA transport-related genes (ffar3 and mct1) was significantly increased with dietary CBC inclusion. In addition, the hepatic antioxidant capacity was improved with dietary CBC supplementation, as evidenced by linear decrease in malondialdehyde concentration and expression of keap1, and linear increase in antioxidant enzyme activities (total antioxidative capacity, total superoxide dismutase and catalase) and expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (nrf2, sod1, sod2 and cat). The analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA V3-4 region indicated that dietary CBC inclusion significantly reduced the enrichment of Firmicutes and potential pathogenic bacteria genus Mycoplasma but significantly elevated the relative abundance of Fusobacteria and Cetobacterium. In summary, dietary CBC inclusion improved carbohydrate utilization, antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass fed HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tao
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Gong
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Chen
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Li
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Naisong Chen
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxiong Huang
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Li
- Research Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center on Experiment Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Gao J, Zhou X, Gao H, Xu G, Xie C, Xie H. Investigation of the hypoglycemic mechanism of the ShenQi compound formula through metabonomics and 16S rRNA sequencing. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1349244. [PMID: 38708085 PMCID: PMC11066276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1349244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Herbal formulations are renowned for their complex biological activities, acting on multiple targets and pathways, as evidenced by in vitro studies. However, the hypoglycemic effect and underlying mechanisms of Shenqi Compound (SQ), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, remain elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the hypoglycemic effects of SQ and explore its mechanisms of action, focusing on intestinal flora and metabolomics. Methods: A Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model was established through a high-fat diet, followed by variable glucose and insulin injections to mimic the fluctuating glycemic conditions seen in diabetes. Results: An eight-week regimen of SQ significantly mitigated hyperglycemia, inflammation, and insulin resistance in these rats. Notably, SQ beneficially modulated the gut microbiota by increasing populations of beneficial bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Akkermansia, while reducing and inhibiting harmful strains such as Ruminococcus and Phascolarctobacterium. Metabolomics analyses revealed that SQ intervention corrected disturbances in Testosterone enanthate and Glycerophospholipid metabolism. Discussion: Our findings highlight the hypoglycemic potential of SQ and its mechanisms via modulation of the gut microbiota and metabolic pathways, offering a theoretical foundation for the use of herbal medicine in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiping Xu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Chen S, Jiao Y, Han Y, Zhang J, Deng Y, Yu Z, Wang J, He S, Cai W, Xu J. Edible traditional Chinese medicines improve type 2 diabetes by modulating gut microbiotal metabolites. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:393-411. [PMID: 38227209 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder with intricate pathogenic mechanisms. Despite the availability of various oral medications for controlling the condition, reports of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes persist, possibly involving unknown pathogenic mechanisms. In recent years, the gut microbiota have emerged as a highly promising target for T2DM treatment, with the metabolites produced by gut microbiota serving as crucial intermediaries connecting gut microbiota and strongly related to T2DM. Increasingly, traditional Chinese medicine is being considered to target the gut microbiota for T2DM treatment, and many of them are edible. In studies conducted on animal models, edible traditional Chinese medicine have been shown to primarily alter three significant gut microbiotal metabolites: short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and branched-chain amino acids. These metabolites play crucial roles in alleviating T2DM by improving glucose metabolism and reducing inflammation. This review primarily summarizes twelve edible traditional Chinese medicines that improve T2DM by modulating the aforementioned three gut microbiotal metabolites, along with potential underlying molecular mechanisms, and also incorporation of edible traditional Chinese medicines into the diets of T2DM patients and combined use with probiotics for treating T2DM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiqiao Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yiyang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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Sun Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhang C, Zhao J, Sun S, Zhang Y, Qiu X. Synergistic impact of Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Decoction and leflunomide on gut microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis: insights from 16S rDNA sequencing. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:654-668. [PMID: 38463585 PMCID: PMC10918140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex pathogenesis, including alterations in the gut microbiota. Gui Zhi Shao Yao Zhi Mu Decoction (GSZD), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has shown efficacy in RA treatment, but its impact on intestinal microflora remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GSZD combined with leflunomide on the gut microbiota of RA patients. METHODS The study enrolled 48 RA patients who were randomly assigned to either a control group receiving leflunomide or a treatment group receiving GSZD combined with leflunomide for 12 weeks. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed pre- and post-intervention using 16S rDNA sequencing. Changes in microbial diversity, abundance, and metabolic functions were assessed. RESULTS Post-treatment, both groups exhibited significant alterations in gut microbiota composition. GSZD combined with leflunomide led to an increased Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and a reduction in Actinobacteria compared to leflunomide alone. This was associated with beneficial shifts in microbial genera and metabolic pathways, suggesting improved gut health and systemic immune modulation. CONCLUSION GSZD combined with leflunomide significantly modulates the gut microbiota in RA patients. This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of GSZD and highlights the potential of integrating traditional Chinese medicine with conventional treatments in managing RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Rheumatology Department, Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xiaoheng Chen
- Thyroid Diseases Department, Dongzhimen Hopital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineDongcheng, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health, Jiuzhou PolytechnicXuzhou 221113, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Rheumatology Department, Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Rheumatology Department, Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Rheumatology Department, Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Songge Sun
- Rheumatology Department, Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Rheumatology Department, Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShunyi, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xinping Qiu
- Rheumatology Department, Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalShunyi, Beijing 101300, China
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Hamjane N, Mechita MB, Nourouti NG, Barakat A. Gut microbiota dysbiosis -associated obesity and its involvement in cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A systematic review. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104601. [PMID: 37690507 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease caused by various factors. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity and its complications has attracted increasing interest. PURPOSE This article focuses on the mechanisms by which gut microbiota dysbiosis induces insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases linked to obesity, highlighting the mechanisms explaining the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis-associated inflammation in the onset of these pathologies. METHODS A systematic study was carried out to understand and summarize the published results on this topic. More than 150 articles were included in this search, including different types of studies, consulted by an online search in English using various electronic search databases and predefined keywords related to the objectives of our study. RESULTS We have summarized the data from the articles consulted in this search, and we have found a major gut microbiota alteration in obesity, characterized by a specific decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria and the production of metabolites and components that lead to metabolic impairments and affect the progression of various diseases associated with obesity through distinct signaling pathways, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We have also focused on the major role of inflammation as a link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and obesity-associated metabolic complications by explaining the mechanisms involved. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in the development of various obesity-related metabolic abnormalities, among them type 2 diabetes and CVD, and represents a major challenge for chronic disease prevention and health. Indeed, the intestinal microbiota appears to be a promising target for the nutritional or therapeutic management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hamjane
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco.
| | - Mohcine Bennani Mechita
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
| | - Naima Ghailani Nourouti
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
| | - Amina Barakat
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
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Pontes-Silva A, Lopes AL, Maciel EDS, Quaresma FRP, Dibai-Filho AV. Human metabolism and body composition: prospects for novel studies. Nutr Rev 2023; 82:5-8. [PMID: 38073333 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Most articles on gut microbiota argue the importance of body composition assessment in patients; however, body composition assessments are fragile (ie, with methodological limitations) in the most recent studies. OBJECTIVE To present two suggestions for further research using the human body composition assessment. METHODS The methods used in this study are based on a Pinto et al article published in Nutrition Reviews. DATA EXTRACTION On the basis of data. obtained from the PubMed, SCOPUS, LILACS, and Web of Science databases, Pinto et al provided a current survey of intermittent fasting protocols and an understanding of the outcomes to date in terms of the profile of the intestinal microbiota in obese organisms. DATA ANALYSIS Of the 82 original articles identified from the databases, 35 were eliminated because of duplication and 32 were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. Two additional articles found in a new search were added, yielding a total of 17 studies to be included in this review. Among the protocols, alternate-day fasting and time-restricted feeding were the most common, and they were shown to have different mechanisms of metabolic signaling. Time-restricted feeding influences body mass control and biochemical parameters by regulating the circadian system and improving satiety control systems by acting on leptin secretion. In contrast, alternate-day fasting leads to a reduction of ±75% of all energy consumption regardless of dietary composition, in addition to promoting hormonal adjustments that promote body mass control. Furthermore, both protocols could remodel the intestinal microbiota by changing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing the abundance of strains such as Lactobacillus spp. and Akkermansia that have a protective effect on metabolism against the effects of body mass gain. CONCLUSION Changes in adipose tissue (eg, body mass loss, control, gain) should be interpreted via the sum of skinfolds in absolute values, waist perimeter, and patients' body proportionality, because fat is just a fraction of the adipocyte (lipid).
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Affiliation(s)
- André Pontes-Silva
- is with the Physical Therapy Post-Graduate Program, Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Lopes
- is with the Human Movement Sciences Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Erika da Silva Maciel
- are with the Sciences and Health Teaching Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | | | - Almir Vieira Dibai-Filho
- is with the Physical Education Post-Graduate Program, Physical Education Department, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Yan J, Zhang R, Kang J, Zhong Y, Abudurexiti A, Tan H, Lei Y, Ma X. Effect of Cichorium glandulosum on intestinal microbiota and bile acid metabolism in db/db mice. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7765-7778. [PMID: 38107125 PMCID: PMC10724598 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of Chorum glandulosum Boiss. et Huet (CG) on the intestinal microbiota and serum bile acid (BA) in db/db mice. A total of 12 db/db mice were randomly divided into model (MOD), high-dose CG (CGH), and control (CON) groups. The CON and MOD groups received distilled water by gavage for 8 weeks. Whereas, the CGH group received an alcohol extract of CG at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day. Results showed that CG can reduce blood lipid levels. It change the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and increase the relative abundances of Muribaculaceae, Prevotellaceae, Bifidobacterium_pseudolongum, Bacteroidaceae in db/db mice as well. LC-MS metabolomics results showed that CG adjusted the serum BA levels. The results reduced the levels of primary BAs, such as cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). The results decreased the primary BA/secondary BA (PSA/SBA) ratio in db/db mice. Correlation analysis showed that the abundances of Bifidobacterium_pseudolongum and Bacteroidaceae were positively correlated with acetic acid level and negatively correlated with ursocholic acid (UCA), α-muricholic acid (αMCA), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol levels (TC), indicating an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and serum BAs. CG may play a positive role in the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and BAs in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Yan
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | - Jinsen Kang
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | - Yewei Zhong
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | | | - Huiwen Tan
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | - Yi Lei
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- College of PharmacyXinjiang Medical UniversityXinjiangChina
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Slouha E, Rezazadah A, Farahbod K, Gerts A, Clunes LA, Kollias TF. Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Gut Microbiota: Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e49740. [PMID: 38161953 PMCID: PMC10757596 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a community situated in the gastrointestinal tract that consists of bacteria thriving and contributing to the functions of our body. It is heavily influenced by what individuals eat, as the quality, amount, and frequency of food consumed can favor and inhibit specific bacteria. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common but detrimental condition that arises from excessive hyperglycemia, leading to either insulin resistance or damage to the B-cells that produce insulin in the pancreas. A poor diet high in sugar and fats leads to hyperglycemia, and as this persists, it can lead to the development of T2DM. Both insulin resistance and damage to B-cells are greatly affected by the diet an individual consumes, but is there a more involved relationship between the gut microbiota and T2DM? This paper aimed to evaluate the changes in the gut microbiota in patients with T2DM and the impacts of the changes in gut microbiota. Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria prevailed in patients with T2DM and healthy control, but their abundance varied greatly. There was also a significant decrease in bacteria like Lactobacilli spp.and F. prausnitizii associated with insulin resistance. High levels of BMI in patients with T2DM have also been associated with increased levels of A. muciniphilia, which has been associated with decreased fat metabolism and increased BMI. Metabolites such as butyrates and melatonin have also been identified as influencing the development and progression of T2DM. Testosterone levels have also been greatly influenced by the gut microbiota changes in T2DM, such that males with lower testosterone have a greater abundance of bacteria like Gemella, Lachnospiraceae, and Massiia. Identifying these changes and how they impact the body may lead to a treatment addressing insulin dysfunction and the changes that the altered gut microbiota leads to. Future research should address how treatment methods such as healthy diets, exercise, and anti-diabetics affect the gut microbiota and see if they influence sustained changes and reduced hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Slouha
- Pharmacology, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, GRD
| | - Atbeen Rezazadah
- Pharmacology, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, GRD
| | - Kiana Farahbod
- Pharmacology, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, GRD
| | - Andrew Gerts
- Pharmacology, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George, GRD
| | - Lucy A Clunes
- Pharmacology, St. George's University, St. George's, GRD
| | - Theofanis F Kollias
- Microbiology, Immunology and Pharmacology, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, GRD
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11
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Tang X, Yang L, Miao Y, Ha W, Li Z, Mi D. Angelica polysaccharides relieve blood glucose levels in diabetic KKAy mice possibly by modulating gut microbiota: an integrated gut microbiota and metabolism analysis. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:281. [PMID: 37784018 PMCID: PMC10546737 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angelica polysaccharides (AP) have numerous benefits in relieving type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. Recent many reports have suggested that altering gut microbiota can have adverse effects on the host metabolism and contribute to the development of T2D. Here, we successfully established the T2D model using the male KKAy mice with high-fat and high-sugar feed. Meanwhile, the male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal feed. T2D KKAy mice were fed either with or without AP supplementation. In each group, we measured the mice's fasting blood glucose, weight, and fasting serum insulin levels. We collected the cecum content of mice, the gut microbiota was analyzed by targeted full-length 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing and metabolites were analyzed by untargeted-metabolomics. RESULTS We found AP effectively alleviated glycemic disorders of T2D KKAy mice, with the changes in gut microbiota composition and function. Many bacteria species and metabolites were markedly changed in T2D KKAy mice and reversed by AP. Additionally, 16 altered metabolic pathways affected by AP were figured out by combining metagenomic pathway enrichment analysis and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. The key metabolites in 16 metabolic pathways were significantly associated with the gut microbial alteration. Together, our findings showed that AP supplementation could attenuate the diabetic phenotype. Significant gut microbiota and gut metabolite changes were observed in the T2D KKAy mice and AP intervention. CONCLUSIONS Administration of AP has been shown to improve the composition of intestinal microbiota in T2D KKAy mice, thus providing further evidence for the potential therapeutic application of AP in the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, Nanchong City, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yandong Miao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wuhua Ha
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Denghai Mi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China.
- Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China.
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12
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Strobel KM, Juul SE, Hendrixson DT. Maternal Nutritional Status and the Microbiome across the Pregnancy and the Post-Partum Period. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1569. [PMID: 37375071 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate nutrition during pregnancy and the post-partum period is vital for both the mothers and their offspring. Both under- and over-nourished status may have important microbial implications on the maternal and infant gut microbiomes. Alterations in the microbiome can have implications for a person's risk of obesity and metabolic diseases. In this review, we examine alterations in the maternal gut, vaginal, placental, and milk microbiomes in the context of pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, body composition, gestational diabetes, and maternal diet. We also investigate how the infant gut microbiome may be altered by these different parameters. Many of the microbial changes seen in under- and over-nourished states in birthing parents may result in long-term implications for the health of offspring. Differences in diet appear to be a major driver of the maternal and subsequently milk and offspring microbiomes. Further prospective longitudinal cohort studies are needed to examine nutrition and the microbiome to better understand its implications. Additionally, trials involving dietary interventions in child-bearing age adults should be explored to improve the mother and child's risks for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Strobel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sandra E Juul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Taylor Hendrixson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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13
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Wang J, Zhang X, Yang X, Yu H, Bu M, Fu J, Zhang Z, Xu H, Hu J, Lu J, Zhang H, Zhai Z, Yang W, Wu X, Wang Y, Tong Q. Revitalizing myocarditis treatment through gut microbiota modulation: unveiling a promising therapeutic avenue. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1191936. [PMID: 37260696 PMCID: PMC10229058 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1191936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota plays an important role in the development and treatment of different cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, evidence from recent studies has shown that gut microbiota contributes to the development of myocarditis. Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease that often results in myocardial damage. Myocarditis is a common cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults. The incidence of myocarditis and its associated dilated cardiomyopathy has been increasing yearly. Myocarditis has gained significant attention on social media due to its association with both COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations. However, the current therapeutic options for myocarditis are limited. In addition, little is known about the potential therapeutic targets of myocarditis. In this study, we review (1) the evidence on the gut-heart axis, (2) the crosslink between gut microbiota and the immune system, (3) the association between myocarditis and the immune system, (4) the impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on myocarditis, (5) current strategies for modulating gut microbiota, (6) challenges and future directions for targeted gut microbiota in the treatment of myocarditis. The approach of targeting the gut microbiota in myocarditis is still in its infancy, and this is the study to explore the gut microbiota-immune system-myocarditis axis. Our findings are expected to pave the way for the use of gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Petakh P, Oksenych V, Kamyshnyi A. The F/B ratio as a biomarker for inflammation in COVID-19 and T2D: Impact of metformin. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114892. [PMID: 37196542 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 has highlighted the intricate relationship between gut microbiome and overall health. Recent studies have shown that the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiome may be linked to various diseases including COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Understanding the link between gut microbiome and these diseases is essential for developing strategies for prevention and treatment. In this study, 115 participants were recruited and divided into three groups: 1st group: T2D patients and healthy controls, 2nd group: COVID-19 patients with and without T2D, 3rd group: T2D patients with COVID-19 treated with or without metformin. Gut microbial composition at the phylum level was assessed using qRT-PCR with universal primers targeting the bacterial 16 S rRNA gene and specific primers for Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, logistic regression, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The study found that the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) was higher in patients with both T2D and COVID-19 compared to those with only T2D or COVID-19. Additionally, the F/B ratio was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) in T2D and COVID-19 patients. The study also suggests that metformin treatment may affect this correlation. Logistic regression analysis showed that the F/B ratio was significantly associated with CRP. These findings suggest that the F/B ratio may be a potential biomarker for inflammation in T2D and COVID-19 patients and metformin treatment may have an effect on the correlation between F/B and CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Petakh
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine; Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Institute of Clinical Medicine (Klinmed), University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
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15
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Chaiyasut C, Sivamaruthi BS, Lailerd N, Sirilun S, Thangaleela S, Khongtan S, Bharathi M, Kesika P, Saelee M, Choeisoongnern T, Fukngoen P, Peerajan S, Sittiprapaporn P. Influence of Bifidobacterium breve on the Glycaemic Control, Lipid Profile and Microbiome of Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: A Preliminary Randomized Clinical Trial. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050695. [PMID: 37242478 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most highly prevalent metabolic disorders worldwide. Uncontrolled T2DM can lead to other health threats such as cardiac arrest, lower-limb amputation, blindness, stroke, impaired kidney function, and microvascular and macrovascular complications. Many studies have demonstrated the association between gut microbiota and diabetes development and probiotic supplementation in improving glycemic properties in T2DM. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of Bifidobacterium breve supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile, and microbiome of T2DM subjects. Forty participants were randomly divided into two groups, and they received probiotics (50 × 109 CFU/day) or placebo interventions (corn starch; 10 mg/day) for 12 weeks. The changes in the blood-urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), creatinine levels, and other factors such as body-mass index, visceral fat, body fat, and body weight were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. B. breve supplementation significantly reduced BUN, creatinine, LDL, TG, and HbA1c levels compared to the placebo group. Significant changes were observed in the microbiome of the probiotic-treated group compared to the placebo group. Firmicutes and proteobacteria were predominant in the placebo and probiotic-treated groups. Genera Streptococcus, Butyricicoccus, and species Eubacterium hallii were significantly reduced in the probiotic-treated group compared to the placebo. Overall results suggested that B. breve supplementation could prevent worsening of representative clinical parameters in T2DM subjects. The current study has limitations, including fewer subjects, a single probiotic strain, and fewer metagenomic samples for microbiome analysis. Therefore, the results of the current study require further validation using more experimental subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Narissara Lailerd
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Subramanian Thangaleela
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Suchanat Khongtan
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Muruganantham Bharathi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Manee Saelee
- Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Thiwanya Choeisoongnern
- Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Pranom Fukngoen
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn
- Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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16
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Grahnemo L, Nethander M, Coward E, Gabrielsen ME, Sree S, Billod JM, Sjögren K, Engstrand L, Dekkers KF, Fall T, Langhammer A, Hveem K, Ohlsson C. Identification of three bacterial species associated with increased appendicular lean mass: the HUNT study. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2250. [PMID: 37080991 PMCID: PMC10119287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Appendicular lean mass (ALM) associates with mobility and bone mineral density (BMD). While associations between gut microbiota composition and ALM have been reported, previous studies rely on relatively small sample sizes. Here, we determine the associations between prevalent gut microbes and ALM in large discovery and replication cohorts with information on relevant confounders within the population-based Norwegian HUNT cohort (n = 5196, including women and men). We show that the presence of three bacterial species - Coprococcus comes, Dorea longicatena, and Eubacterium ventriosum - are reproducibly associated with higher ALM. When combined into an anabolic species count, participants with all three anabolic species have 0.80 kg higher ALM than those without any. In an exploratory analysis, the anabolic species count is positively associated with femoral neck and total hip BMD. We conclude that the anabolic species count may be used as a marker of ALM and BMD. The therapeutic potential of these anabolic species to prevent sarcopenia and osteoporosis needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Grahnemo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria Nethander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eivind Coward
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maiken Elvestad Gabrielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Satya Sree
- Bio-Me, Oslo Science Park, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean-Marc Billod
- Bio-Me, Oslo Science Park, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klara Sjögren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, Biomedicum A8, Solnavägen 9, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Koen F Dekkers
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Harris C, Czaja K. Can Circadian Eating Pattern Adjustments Reduce Risk or Prevent Development of T2D? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071762. [PMID: 37049602 PMCID: PMC10096926 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition that occurs in insulin-resistant people with reduced glucose uptake. It is contributed to and exacerbated by a poor diet that results in accumulation of adipose tissue, high blood sugar, and other metabolic issues. Because humans have undergone food scarcity throughout history, our species has adapted a fat reserve genotype. This adaptation is no longer beneficial, as eating at a higher frequency than that of our ancestors has had a significant effect on T2D development. Eating at high frequencies disrupts the circadian clock, the circadian rhythm, and the composition of the gut microbiome, as well as hormone secretion and sensitivity. The current literature suggests an improved diet requires meal consistency, avoiding late-night eating, low meal frequency, and fasting to increase metabolic health. In addition, fasting as a treatment for T2D must be used correctly for beneficial results. Early time-restricted eating (TRE) provides many benefits such as improving insulin resistance, cognitive function, and glycemic control. Alternate-day fasting (ADF), 5:2 fasting, and long-term fasting all have benefits; however, they may be less advantageous than early TRE. Therefore, eating pattern adjustments can be used to reduce T2D if used correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlee Harris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Krzysztof Czaja
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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18
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Wu Z, Tian E, Chen Y, Dong Z, Peng Q. Gut microbiota and its roles in the pathogenesis and therapy of endocrine system diseases. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127291. [PMID: 36542917 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new field of microbial research is the relationship between microorganisms and multicellular hosts. It is known that gut microbes can cause various endocrine system diseases, such as diabetes and thyroid disease. Changes in the composition or structure and the metabolites of gut microbes may cause gastrointestinal disorders, including ulcers or intestinal perforation and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, reports on the interactions between intestinal microorganisms and endocrine system diseases have been increasingly documented. In the meantime, the treatment based on gut microbiome has also been paid much attention. For example, fecal microbiota transplantation is found to have a therapeutic effect on many diseases. As such, understanding the gut microbiota-endocrine system interactions is of great significance for the theranostic of endocrine system diseases. Herein, we summarize the relations of gut microbiome with endocrine system diseases, and discuss the potentials of regulating gut microbiome in treating those diseases. In addition, the concerns and possible solutions regarding the gut microbiome-based therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Erkang Tian
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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19
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Wang X, Li L, Bian C, Bai M, Yu H, Gao H, Zhao J, Zhang C, Zhao R. Alterations and correlations of gut microbiota, fecal, and serum metabolome characteristics in a rat model of alcohol use disorder. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1068825. [PMID: 36687619 PMCID: PMC9846065 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1068825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence suggests the gut microbiota and metabolites in serum or fecal may play a key role in the process of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, the correlations of gut microbiota and metabolites in both feces and serum in AUD subjects are not well understood. Methods We established a rat model of AUD by a chronic intermittent ethanol voluntary drinking procedure, then the AUD syndromes, the gut microbiota, metabolomic profiling in feces and serum of the rats were examined, and correlations between gut microbiota and metabolites were analyzed. Results Ethanol intake preference increased and maintained at a high level in experimental rats. Anxiety-like behaviors was observed by open field test and elevated plus maze test after ethanol withdraw, indicating that the AUD rat model was successfully developed. The full length 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed AUD significantly changed the β-diversity of gut microbial communities, and significantly decreased the microbial diversity but did not distinctly impact the microbial richness. Microbiota composition significantly changed in AUD rats, such as the abundance of Romboutsia and Turicibacter were significantly increased, whereas uncultured_bacterium_o_Mollicutes_RF39 was decreased. In addition, the untargeted metabolome analysis revealed that many metabolites in both feces and serum were altered in the AUD rats, especially involved in sphingolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways. Finally, multiple correlations among AUD behavior, gut microbiota and co-changed metabolites were identified, and the metabolites were directly correlated with the gut microbiota and alcohol preference. Conclusion The altered metabolites in feces and serum are important links between the gut microbiota dysbiosis and alcohol preference in AUD rats, and the altered gut microbiota and metabolites can be potentially new targets for treating AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cong Bian
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mingjian Bai
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Medicine Breeding and Cultivation, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjing Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China,*Correspondence: Chunjing Zhang,
| | - Rongjie Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China,Rongjie Zhao,
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20
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Bondy SC. Relationships between Diabetes and the Intestinal Microbial Population. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010566. [PMID: 36614008 PMCID: PMC9820277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by lower responsiveness of tissues to insulin and consequent large variations in circulating levels of glucose. This fluctuation has harmful effects as both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia can be very injurious. The causes of diabetes are varied but the consequences are rather uniform. Dietary factors are important especially in adult onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) while type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by having a stronger heritable component and involving autoimmune attach on pancreatic beta cells. This review is focused on the relation of the bacterial components found within the intestine, to the establishment and maintenance of diabetes. The precise composition of the gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a factor in organismic health and its interaction with a variety of disease states has been described. This is especially marked in the case of diabetes since the nature of the diet is an important factor in establishing both the microbiome and the incidence of diabetes. The bidirectional nature of this relationship is discussed. The effects of disease that lead to altered microbiomal composition together with aberrant metabolic changes are also included. Emphasis is given to the important role of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as mediators of the microbiome-diabetes relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Bondy
- Department of Medicine, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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21
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Yang XY, Yu H, Fu J, Guo HH, Han P, Ma SR, Pan LB, Zhang ZW, Xu H, Hu JC, Zhang HJ, Bu MM, Zhang XF, Yang W, Wang JY, Jin JY, Zhang HC, Li DR, Lu JY, Lin Y, Jiang JD, Tong Q, Wang Y. Hydroxyurea ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice by potentially modulating Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein through the gut microbiota. Theranostics 2022; 12:7775-7787. [PMID: 36451858 PMCID: PMC9706578 DOI: 10.7150/thno.76805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The efficacy and mechanism of hydroxyurea in the treatment of atherosclerosis have rarely been reported. The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of hydroxyurea in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice against atherosclerosis and examine the possible mechanism underlying treatment outcomes. Methods: ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for 1 month and then administered hydroxyurea by gavage continuously for 2 months. Aortic root hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and oil red O staining were used to verify the efficacy of hydroxyurea; biochemical methods and ELISA were used to detect changes in relevant metabolites in serum. 16S rRNA was used to detect composition changes in the intestinal bacterial community of animals after treatment with hydroxyurea. Metabolomics methods were used to identify fecal metabolites and their changes. Immunohistochemical staining and ELISA were used for the localization and quantification of intestinal NPC1L1. Results: We showed that aortic root HE staining and oil red O staining determined the therapeutic efficacy of hydroxyurea in the treatment of atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice. Serological tests verified the ability of hydroxyurea to lower total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The gut microbiota was significantly altered after HU treatment and was significantly different from that after antiplatelet and statin therapy. Meanwhile, a metabolomic study revealed that metabolites, including stearic acid, palmitic acid and cholesterol, were significantly enriched in mouse feces. Further histological and ELISAs verified that the protein responsible for intestinal absorption of cholesterol in mice, NPC1L1, was significantly reduced after hydroxyurea treatment. Conclusions: In high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice, hydroxyurea effectively treated atherosclerosis, lowered serum cholesterol, modulated the gut microbiota at multiple levels and affected cholesterol absorption by reducing NPC1L1 in small intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Yang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui-Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shu-Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jia-Chun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hao-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meng-Meng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xian-Feng Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wei Yang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jing-Yue Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jing-Yu Jin
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hui-Cong Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dong-Rui Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jin-Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Y. Wang (+86-10-63165238, ) or, Q. Tong (+86-13074337289, ) or, J-D. Jiang (+86-10-63017906, ) or, L. Yuan (+86-13720009342, )
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Y. Wang (+86-10-63165238, ) or, Q. Tong (+86-13074337289, ) or, J-D. Jiang (+86-10-63017906, ) or, L. Yuan (+86-13720009342, )
| | - Qian Tong
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Y. Wang (+86-10-63165238, ) or, Q. Tong (+86-13074337289, ) or, J-D. Jiang (+86-10-63017906, ) or, L. Yuan (+86-13720009342, )
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Y. Wang (+86-10-63165238, ) or, Q. Tong (+86-13074337289, ) or, J-D. Jiang (+86-10-63017906, ) or, L. Yuan (+86-13720009342, )
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22
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Effects of Cichorium glandulosum on hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and intestinal flora in db/db mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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23
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Xie X, Zhang M, Sun L, Wang T, Zhu Z, Shu R, Wu F, Li Z. Crocin-I Protects Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Inflammation in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:894089. [PMID: 36034852 PMCID: PMC9403484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.894089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocin-I can regulate physiological changes in the human body by altering inflammation and microbial composition. Gut microbiota are also involved in modulating the pathophysiology of obesity. However, crocin-I's effect on obesity and the mechanism underlying its effects on gut microbiota and inflammation remain poorly understood. Here, high-fat diet (HFD) -induced obese mice were administrated crocin-I (20 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks using an oral gavage (HFD-C20 group). HFD-C20, HFD, and Normal chow (NC) groups were compared. The fat content, colon tissue inflammatory cytokine levels, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels were measured. We show that crocin-I reduced body weight and liver weight and improved glucose resistance in HFD-induced mice, and reduced the lipid accumulation in the liver. Strikingly, crocin-I alleviated intestinal microbial disorders and decreased the F/B ratio and the abundance of Proteobacteria in HFD-induced obese mice. Crocin-I also rescued the decrease in the levels of SCFAs and repaired altered intestinal barrier functioning and intestinal inflammation in HFD-induced obese mice. These findings indicate that crocin-I may inhibit obesity by modulating the composition of gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Shu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Valder S, Brinkmann C. Exercise for the Diabetic Gut-Potential Health Effects and Underlying Mechanisms. Nutrients 2022; 14:813. [PMID: 35215463 PMCID: PMC8877907 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It can be assumed that changes in the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is generally accepted that regular physical activity is beneficial for the prevention and therapy of T2DM. Therefore, this review analyzes the effects of exercise training on the gut microbiota composition and the intestinal barrier function in T2DM. The current literature shows that regular exercise can influence the gut microbiota composition and the intestinal barrier function with ameliorative effects on T2DM. In particular, increases in the number of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and improvements in the gut barrier integrity with reduced endotoxemia seem to be key points for positive interactions between gut health and T2DM, resulting in improvements in low-grade systemic inflammation status and glycemic control. However, not all aspects are known in detail and further studies are needed to further examine the efficacy of different training programs, the role of myokines, SCFA-producing bacteria, and SCFAs in the relevant metabolic pathways. As microbial signatures differ in individuals who respond differently to exercise training programs, one scientific focus could be the development of computer-based methods for the personalized analysis of the gut microbiota in the context of a microbiota/microbiome-based training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Valder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Christian Brinkmann
- Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Fitness & Health, IST University of Applied Sciences, 40233 Dusseldorf, Germany
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25
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Liu L, Zhao Y, Wang X. Gut Microbiota Alteration Is Associated With Cognitive Deficits in Genetically Diabetic (Db/db) Mice During Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:815562. [PMID: 35153726 PMCID: PMC8826473 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.815562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the microbiota may be implicated in diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and cognitive dysfunction during the progression of type 2 diabetes remains elusive. We used 16S rRNA sequencing combined with conventional behavioral tests to explore the longitudinal changes of gut microbiota and cognition in diabetic db/db mice (leptin receptor knockout mice) and their wild-type littermates at different ages. Prussian blue staining was performed to detect the microhemorrhage in the brain, and immunofluorescent study was applied to analyze microglia activation. Moreover, a Meso Scale Discovery kit was used to determine the cytokine levels in the brain. Db/db mice exhibited age dependent pathological characteristics, including cognitive deficits, neuron damage, spontaneous hemorrhages and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, we observed that the diversity and composition of gut microbiota significantly differed between the wild-type and db/db mice during aging. We found that compared to age-matched wild-type mice, genus Helicobacter was significant higher in db/db mice at 18 and 26 weeks. Correlation analysis revealed that Helicobacter is positively associated with Iba-1 positive cells and TNF-α expression. Collectively, our longitudinal study suggests that diabetic cognitive impairment during aging is associated with abnormal gut microbiota composition, which may play a role in the regulation of neuroinflammation.
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26
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Alagiakrishnan K, Halverson T. Holistic perspective of the role of gut microbes in diabetes mellitus and its management. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1463-1478. [PMID: 34630900 PMCID: PMC8472496 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i9.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) plays a role in the development and progression of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathogenesis of DM. The GM has been shown to influence the efficacy of different antidiabetic medications. Intake of gut biotics, like prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, can improve the glucose control as well as the metabolic profile associated with DM. There is some preliminary evidence that it might even help with the cardiovascular, ophthalmic, nervous, and renal complications of DM and even contribute to the prevention of DM. More large-scale research studies are needed before wide spread use of gut biotics in clinical practice as an adjuvant therapy to the current management of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler Halverson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G3, Alberta, Canada
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27
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Gut Microbiota and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030238. [PMID: 33807075 PMCID: PMC8004607 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains an important health issue worldwide. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD is linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The gut microbiota is associated with the development of NAFLD and T2D. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and NAFLD severity has remained unclear in T2D patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of gut microbiota with the severity of NAFLD in T2D patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study used transient elastography (FibroScan) to evaluate the severity of hepatic steatosis. We utilized qPCR to measure the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium leptum group, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Escherichia coli. Results: Of 163 T2D patients, 83 with moderate to severe NAFLD had higher abundance of bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes with respect to 80 patients without NAFLD or with mild NAFLD. High abundance of the phylum Firmicutes increased the severity of NAFLD in T2D patients. A positive correlation between NAFLD severity and the phylum Firmicutes was found in T2D male patients with body mass index ≥24 kg/m2 and glycated hemoglobin <7.5%. Conclusion: Enrichment of the fecal microbiota with the phylum Firmicutes is significantly and positively associated with NAFLD severity in T2D patients. The gut microbiota is a potential predictor of NAFLD severity in T2D patients.
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