• Functional food
• Kaempferide
• Molecular docking
• α-Glucosidase

• Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/pharmacology
• Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/chemistry
• Molecular Docking Simulation
• alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism
• alpha-Glucosidases/chemistry
• Animals
• Kinetics
• Mice
• Kaempferols/pharmacology
• Kaempferols/chemistry
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
• Blood Glucose

• Humans
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
• Male
• Female
• Health Behavior
• Middle Aged
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Self Efficacy
• Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
• Cardiovascular Diseases/psychology
• Adult
• Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
• Republic of Korea
• Aged
• Depression/psychology
• Adaptation, Psychological
• Oral Health

• HLA antigens
• antibodies
• celiac disease
• children
• diabetes mellitus
• type 1

• Blood glucose
• Chemotherapy
• Qualitative research
• Self-management
• Side effects
• Type 2 diabetes

• Humans
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
• Retrospective Studies
• Prevalence
• Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology
• Risk Factors

• Bariatric surgery
• Diabetes
• Metabolic surgery
• Obesity
• Remission of diabetes

Triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) has been proven to be a reliable substitute for insulin resistance. However, whether a causal association exists between TyG-BMI and new-onset diabetes remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal association and predictive performance between TyG-BMI and diabetes.

A total of 116,661 subjects who underwent a physical examination were included in this study. The subjects were divided into five equal points according to the quintile of TyG-BMI, and the outcome of interest was the occurrence of diabetic events. TyG-BMI = ln [fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) × fasting triglycerides (mg/dL)/2] × BMI.

During the average follow-up period of 3.1 (0.95) years, 1888 men (1.61 %) and 793 women (0.68 %) were newly diagnosed with diabetes. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that TyG-BMI was an independent predictor of new-onset diabetes (HR 1.50 per SD increase, 95 %CI: 1.40 to 1.60, P-trend < 0.00001), and the best TyG-BMI cutoff value for predicting new-onset diabetes was 213.2966 (area under the curve 0.7741, sensitivity 72.51 %, specificity 69.54 %). Additionally, the results of subgroup analysis suggested that the risk of TyG-BMI-related diabetes in young and middle-aged people was significantly higher than that in middle-aged and elderly people, and the risk of TyG-BMI-related diabetes in non-obese people was significantly higher than that in overweight and obese people (P for interaction < 0.05).

This cohort study of the Chinese population shows that after excluding other confounding factors, there is a causal association of TyG-BMI with diabetes, and this independent association is more obvious in young, middle-aged and non-obese people.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01532-7.

• Cohort study
• Diabetes
• Risk factors
• Triglyceride glucose-body mass index
• TyG-BMI

• Gestational diabetes
• glucose
• postprandial

• HbA1c
• clinical examination
• glycemic control
• periodontitis
• type 2 diabetes

Dyslipidemia plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Evidence has increasingly shown that the ratio of low‐ to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C/HDL‐C) is a novel marker for increased risk of insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. However, the correlation between the LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio and diabetes risk is rarely reported. This is the first study to investigate the association between the LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio and new‐onset diabetes in a large community‐based cohort.

In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 116,661 adults without baseline diabetes were enrolled. Participants were stratified into four groups based on LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio quartiles. The outcome of interest was new‐onset diabetes.

During a median follow‐up period of 2.98 years, 2,681 (2.3%) new diabetes cases were recorded. The total cumulative incidence of diabetes progressively increased alongside LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio quartiles (0.31, 0.43, 0.68 and 0.88%, respectively, P‐value for trend <0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, using the lowest quartile of the LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio as the reference, the risk of diabetes increased with LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio quartiles (P‐value for trend <0.001); in particular, from the second to fourth quartile, hazard ratios were 1.18 (95% confidence interval 0.87–1.59), 1.42 (95% confidence interval 1.07–1.90) and 1.92 (95% confidence interval 1.43–2.59), respectively. The results were also robust to challenges in multiple sensitivity analyses.

Among the Chinese population, elevated LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio might be an independent risk factor for new‐onset diabetes.

• Chinese adults
• Incident diabetes
• Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol : high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio

Objective: Investigate if there is an association between apical periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: A bibliographic search was performed on Medline/PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases using the keywords apical periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. Published papers written in English and performed on animals or humans were included. Meta-analysis was performed using the OpenMeta (analyst) tool for the statistical analysis. The variables analyzed were the prevalence of Apical Periodontitis (AP) among teeth and patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Results: Of the total studies found, only 21 met the inclusion criteria. Ten clinical studies on animals, ten studies on humans and a systematic review were included. Meta-analysis shows that the prevalence of teeth with apical periodontitis among patients with diabetes mellitus has an odds ratio of 1.166 corresponding to 507 teeth with AP + DM and 534 teeth with AP without DM. The prevalence of patients with AP and DM shows an odds ratio of 1.552 where 91 patients had AP + DM and 582 patients AP without DM. Conclusion: Scientific evidence suggests that there could be a common physiopathological factor between apical periodontitis and diabetes mellitus but more prospective studies are needed to investigate the association between these two diseases.

• HbA1c
• apical periodontitis
• diabetes mellitus
• glycated haemoglobin
• prevalence

• HLA class II
• coxsackievirus
• innate immunity
• islet-cell autoimmunity
• multiplex families
• toll-like receptors
• type 1 diabetes

• Adolescent
• Adult
• Alleles
• Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
• Antibodies, Viral/blood
• Autoantibodies/blood
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
• Enterovirus/immunology
• Female
• HLA Antigens/genetics
• Haplotypes
• Humans
• Immunity, Innate
• Interleukins/analysis
• Male
• Monocytes/immunology
• Siblings
• Toll-Like Receptors/analysis
• Young Adult

• Chinese male
• Incident diabetes
• Triglyceride : high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio

• Adult
• Asian People/statistics & numerical data
• Biomarkers/blood
• China/epidemiology
• Cholesterol, HDL/blood
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Incidence
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Prognosis
• Retrospective Studies
• Risk Factors
• Triglycerides/blood

• Diet
• Ghana
• Health education
• Health promotion
• Self-care
• Social support
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus

• Jinlida granules
• add-on therapy
• diabetes
• meta-analysis
• meta分析
• randomized controlled trials
• 加载疗法
• 津力达颗粒
• 糖尿病
• 随机对照试验

• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
• Drug Therapy, Combination
• Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
• Humans
• Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
• Prognosis
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

• clinical trials
• diabetes
• doctor-patient relationships
• health information technology
• primary care

In the present meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effects of adjuvant treatment with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) on antidiabetic agents having additional benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Randomized controlled trials were identified by searching the Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE, the China National Knowledge Internet, Web of Science, Global Health, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and the China biology medicine, Wanfang, and VIP databases. The intervention group received CHM as add-on treatment to antidiabetic agents therapy, and the control group received placebos in addition to antidiabetic agents or antidiabetic agents alone. We assessed pooled data, including weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model.

A total of 125 randomized controlled trials were included. 10 articles were included based on literature screening. All trials contrasted Chinese herbal medicines or Chinese herbal medicines + antidiabetic agents with placebo or antidiabetic agents + placebo and included a total of 2004 individuals with T2DM. All selected trials displayed evidence of high methodological quality and possessed a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis of the trials demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicines resulted in a more favorable blood glucose profile in contrast to placebo (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.001). All ten included studies reported the occurrence of tolerable adverse effects.

The results showed that in the intervention group, greater reductions were achieved for glucose control and body weight. The combined use of drugs improves the curative effect and has fewer adverse events and has additional benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes. This trial is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018093867).

To measure the prevalence of various care services offered to the elderly with diabetes mellitus in Brazil, and to assess the social inequalities in these services.

This cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out in 2013. The care services offered were evaluated in terms of the following eight indicators: recommendations to lower carbohydrates, to measure blood glucose, and to examine the feet; requests made for blood tests, for glycated hemoglobin tests, and for glycemic curve tests; and whether service users had had their eyes or feet examined in the previous year. We used the slope index of inequality and the concentration index to assess the inequalities among wealth quintiles.

A total of 1 685 elderly persons with diabetes were evaluated. Overall, 41.7% of them had had their eyes examined in the preceding year, 35.4% had had their feet examined in the preceding year, and 10.9% had been offered all eight of the care services. The largest absolute differences (in percentage points) between the first (poorest) and fifth (richest) wealth quintiles in terms of the care services that were offered to the users were for: a recommendation to measure blood glucose (25.8), a glycated hemoglobin test request (27.4), a glycemic curve test request (31.9), having the eyes examined in the preceding year (29.3), and having the feet examined in the preceding year (27.0).

There were notable inequalities in the prevalences of the care services. In the future, measurement of blood glucose and examination of the feet should be emphasized, especially for elderly persons in a lower socioeconomic level.

• Brazil
• Diabetes mellitus
• health care
• health services research
• health status disparities
• quality indicators
• quality of health care

• Acute kidney injury
• Hemodialysis
• Lactic acidosis
• Metformin
• SLED

• Acidosis, Lactic/chemically induced
• Acidosis, Lactic/diagnosis
• Acidosis, Lactic/epidemiology
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects
• Male
• Metformin/adverse effects
• Middle Aged
• Renal Dialysis/adverse effects
• Renal Dialysis/trends
• Retrospective Studies
• Time Factors
• Treatment Outcome

Background. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) may start as glomerular or tubular damage. We assessed kidney function during one-year-long observation of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after initiation of nephroprotective treatment, with emphasis on the changes in urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), and evaluated the association between tubular damage and cardiovascular complications of T2DM. Materials and Methods. Adult T2DM patients (55) were assessed initially and 30 patients after 1 year. Albumin and uNGAL and creatinine were measured in first morning urine. Albumin/creatinine (uACR) and uNGAL/creatinine (uNCR) ratios were calculated. Results. In logistic regression, both uACR above 30 mg/g and uNCR the median (21.3 μg/g) were associated with cardiovascular complications, independently of classical risk factors and diabetes duration. One year after initiation of treatment, a significant reduction in HbA_1c was observed. BMI and lipid profiles did not change. Increase in serum creatinine and reduction in eGFR occurred, along with decrease in uNGAL and uNCR. Increasing uNCR and uACR were associated with higher control HbA_1c. The increase in uNCR was more frequent in patients with hypertension. Conclusions. Better glycemic control in T2DM patients results in improved tubular function, as reflected by reduced uNCR and uNGAL. First morning urine uNGAL and uNCR may be useful to assess renal function and cardiovascular risk, along with albuminuria and eGFR.

In order to prevent cardiovascular endpoints, control of diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia is a necessity as those risk factors frequently occur in combination. Prevalence trends of concurrent diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in 36,673 subjects were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999–2012. The prevalence of concurrent diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia increased from 3% in 1999–2000 to 6.3% in 2011–2012 (P < 0.001). The diabetes with concurrent hypertension or hypercholesterolemia incidences also increased significantly, while the occurrence of concurrent hypertension and hypercholesterolemia was stable over the study period. Overall medical drug treatments for concurrent diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia were improved from 69.8% in 1999–2006, to 82.4% in 2007–2012 (P = 0.002). Treatment cost coverage rates in any combinations with diabetes were 79–82.4% and 90.7% in the subgroup of concurrent hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. General treatment goal achievement rates were <25%, the lowest rate being 14.2% in the subject groups with three combined risk factors. The treatment goal achievement rates in two subgroups with concurrent diabetes were 20.1% (with hypertension) and 17% (with hypercholesterolemia) and 24.5% in the group without diabetes. Cost coverage improved in all combinations, but the general treatment goal achievement rates were low, especially in the groups with concurrent diabetes.

Annual hemoglobin A1c testing is recommended for patients with diabetes mellitus. However, it is unknown how consistently patients with diabetes mellitus receive hemoglobin A1c testing over time, or whether testing consistency is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

We identified 1 574 415 Medicare patients (2002–2012) with diabetes mellitus over the age of 65. We followed each patient for a minimum of 3 years to determine their consistency in hemoglobin A1C testing, using 3 categories: low (testing in 0 or 1 of 3 years), medium (testing in 2 of 3 years), and high (testing in all 3 years). In unweighted and inverse propensity‐weighted cohorts, we examined associations between testing consistency and major adverse cardiovascular events, defined as death, myocardial infarction, stroke, amputation, or the need for leg revascularization. Overall, 70.2% of patients received high‐consistency testing, 17.6% of patients received medium‐consistency testing, and 12.2% of patients received low‐consistency testing. When compared to high‐consistency testing, low‐consistency testing was associated with a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events or death in unweighted analyses (hazard ratio [HR]=1.21; 95% CI, 1.20–1.23; P<0.001), inverse propensity‐weighted analyses (HR=1.16; 95% CI, 1.15–1.17; P<0.001), and weighted analyses limited to patients who had at least 4 physician visits annually (HR=1.15; 95% CI, 1.15–1.16; P<0.001). Less‐consistent testing was associated with worse results for each cardiovascular outcome and in analyses using all years as the exposure.

Consistent annual hemoglobin A1c testing is associated with fewer adverse cardiovascular outcomes in this observational cohort of Medicare patients of diabetes mellitus.

• cardiovascular outcomes
• diabetes mellitus
• health disparities
• health outcomes
• hemoglobin A1c

• Aged
• Cardiovascular Diseases/blood
• Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
• Diabetes Complications/blood
• Diabetes Mellitus/blood
• Female
• Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis
• Humans
• Male
• Medicare/statistics & numerical data
• Propensity Score
• United States

• P30 CA023108 NCI NIH HHS
• R21 HS021581 AHRQ HHS
• U01 AG046830 NIA NIH HHS

Diabetes and periodontal disease share common features in terms of inflammatory responses. Current scientific evidence suggests that treatment of periodontal disease might contribute to glycemic control. The objective of the study is a review of the last three years.

A literature search was performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane, and Scopus databases, for articles published between 01-01-2013 and 30-06-2015, applying the key terms “periodontal disease” AND “diabetes mellitus”. The review analyzed clinical trials of humans published in English and Spanish.

Thirteen clinical trials were reviewed, representing a total of 1,912 patients. Three of them had samples of <40 patients, making a total of 108 patients and the remaining ten samples had >40 patients, representing a total of 1,804. Only one article achieved a Jadad score of five. Seven articles (998 patients, 52.3% total), presented a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c (p< 0.05) as a result of periodontal treatment. In the six remaining articles (representing 914 patients, 47.8% of the total), the decrease in HbA1c was not significant. Patient follow-up varied between 3 to 12 months. In three articles, the follow-up was of 3, 4, and 9 months, in two 6 and 12 months.

The majority of clinical trials showed that radicular curettage and smoothing, whether associated with antibiotics or not, can improve periodontal conditions in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, few studies suggest that this periodontal treatment improves metabolic control. However, there is no clear evidence of a relation between periodontal treatment and improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Key words:Diabetes, periodontal disease, HbA1c, metabolic control.

• HbA1c testing
• Medicare
• diabetes
• lower extremity amputation
• temporal diffusion patterns

• K08 HL105676 NHLBI NIH HHS
• P01 AG019783 NIA NIH HHS
• U01 AG046830 NIA NIH HHS
• UL1 TR001086 NCATS NIH HHS

• Doctor–patient communication
• Health informatics interventions
• Primary care
• Randomized clinical trial
• Translation into practice
• Type 2 diabetes

• Aged
• Blood Glucose/metabolism
• Blood Pressure/physiology
• Body Mass Index
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
• Female
• Glucose Tolerance Test
• Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis
• Humans
• Insulin/blood
• Insulin Resistance/physiology
• Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
• Lipids/blood
• Male
• Middle Aged

• American Diabetes Association
• Diabetes
• Elderly
• Standards of Medical Care
• Statin

• Associated autoimmune diseases
• Children
• Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes
• T1DM

• Diabetes Mellitus/therapy
• Disease Management
• Humans
• Practice Guidelines as Topic
• Societies, Medical

• Communication
• Decision Making
• Diabetes Mellitus/therapy
• Humans
• Patient Participation
• Patient-Centered Care
• Quality Improvement
• Quality of Health Care