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Moore H, Fillon A, Beaulieu K, Pereira B, Drapeau V, Mathieu ME, Thivel D. The Role of Meal Timing in Appetitive Responses to Acute Exercise in Adolescents with and without Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr 2025; 155:719-728. [PMID: 39800308 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been shown to improve various aspects of metabolic health and is frequently applied as an intervention in the management and prevention of overweight/obesity. Chrono-exercise can be studied in relation to time of day and timing in relation to a meal, which encompasses chronology and duration of the temporal interval, but the latter has received limited attention to date. This brief review and meta-analysis investigates whether the timing of a meal subsequent to acute exercise in children and adolescents with and without overweight/obesity moderates eating behavior and appetite. A quantitative synthesis of 28 controlled trials with 51 distinct conditions (N = 575; median sample size = 15, median age = 13 y, n = 297 overweight/obesity) was performed using multilevel random-effects meta-regressions and restricted splines to test the linear and nonlinear relationships between mean differences in energy intake between exercise and control conditions and the duration of the exercise-test meal interval, and if this moderated by participant weight status or exercise characteristics (i.e., intensity, duration, and method). Commencement of meals occurred from immediately to 3 h after cessation of exercise (median = 30 min, interquartile range = 8 min). The meal interval was not associated with effect sizes overall in the linear and spline analysis (ps = 0.576 and 0.971, respectively). Although there was only an interaction with weight status present in the linear analysis (P < 0.001), the meal interval significantly moderated effect sizes within-study arms with lean participants (ps = 0.006 and 0.019, respectively), but not in those with overweight/obesity (ps = 0.070 and 0.620, respectively) in both analyses. Exercise characteristics did not have an impact on this relationship. Taken together, prescriptions for meal timing may depend on the individual phenotype when seeking to optimize potential anorexigenic effects of acute exercise. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021287838. (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=287838).
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Affiliation(s)
- Halim Moore
- Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Alicia Fillon
- Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Observatoire National de l'Activité Physique et de la Sédentarité (ONAPS), Faculty of Medicine, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- Appetite Control Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Unit of Biostatistics (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Centre de Recherche Interuniversitaire sur la Formation et Profession Enseignante (CRIFPE), Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; École de Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - David Thivel
- Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; International Research Chair Health in Motion, Clermont Auvergne University Foundation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Guédet C, Tagougui S, Gauthier AC, Thivel D, Mathieu ME. The impact of exercise timing on energy intake: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diurnal and meal timing effects. Appetite 2025; 204:107752. [PMID: 39521351 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the literature (up to August 2nd, 2024) on the influence of exercise timing on energy intake in both children and adults. A comprehensive search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science Core Collection, following PRISMA guidelines. The review was registered in Prospero (CRD42024553381) and evaluated using QUADAS-2. From an initial 3276 articles, a meta-analysis (six studies) revealed that daily energy intake was not significantly lower when exercise was performed in the morning versus the afternoon/evening: mean difference of 64 ± 77 kcal (95% CI: 86 to 215 kcal; p = 0.403). A meta-analysis (three studies, all with children) comparing lunch energy intake before versus after exercise showed a significant difference in energy intake when exercise was performed post-meal: (-39 ± 13 kcal, 95% CI: 63 to -14 kcal; p = 0.002). For the meta-analysis of delayed lunch (five studies), where exercise ended 15 min to 4 h before the meal, and the delay between the start of each exercise condition within the same study was typically around 2 h, no significant difference in energy intake was found (-2±67 kcal; 95% CI: 134 to 130 kcal; p = 0.977). Regarding chronic exercise, a decrease in energy intake was observed with evening exercise (one study), morning exercise (two studies) or independently of exercise timing (two studies). In conclusion, findings suggest acute exercise may reduce intake in children and adolescents, but this effect is dependent on the timing of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Guédet
- Université de Lille, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS), Lille, France; Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Sémah Tagougui
- Université de Lille, Université d'Artois, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS), Lille, France; Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Canada.
| | | | - David Thivel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Azrieli Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Chen YC, Tseng CS, Hsu CW. Effects of Breaking Up Sitting on Gut Hormone Responses and Subsequent Compensatory Behaviors in Physically Inactive Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:2049-2058. [PMID: 38767985 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of breaking up sitting on gut hormone responses and free-living energy compensatory behaviors are still unclear in people of Asian ethnicity. METHODS Twenty-six Asians including 13 lean individuals (Lean) and 13 individuals with centrally overweight/obesity (OW), aged between 20 and 45 yr, completed a randomized crossover study with either 5.5-h uninterrupted sitting (SIT) or 5.5-h sitting with 2-min walking at 6.4 km·h -1 every 20 min (ACTIVE) in the laboratory. Blood samples were collected at regular time points to examine postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations. Free-living physical activity and energy intake were recorded using wearable devices and weighed food diaries outside the laboratory until midnight. Paired t -tests were conducted to compare responses between trials. RESULTS Postprandial GLP-1 and PYY incremental area under the curve values were higher in the ACTIVE trial versus SIT in both Lean and OW groups (all, P < 0.05), but there was no difference in GIP in either group (both, P > 0.05). There were no differences in free-living physical activity (volume and intensity) or energy intake (total and macronutrients) between trials in either group (all, P > 0.05), resulting in greater total physical activity over the 24-h monitoring period in ACTIVE trial versus SIT trial (both, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Breaking up sitting increases postprandial GLP-1 and PYY concentrations in Asians, but does not induce subsequent behavioral compensation, resulting in greater 24-h physical activity levels and lower relative energy intake, in inactive individuals irrespective of bodyweight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, TAIWAN
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Khodabandeh S, Rahmani-Nia F, Mirzaei B, Fairchild TJ, Hazell TJ. The effects of acute aerobic exercise on appetite-regulating parameters and energy intake in males with obesity. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e70067. [PMID: 39263536 PMCID: PMC11387465 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.70067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on appetite control parameters, appetite perceptions, and energy intake in sedentary males with obesity. Design Eleven males with obesity (body fat percentage 36.5 ± 2.5%, body mass index 35.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2, V̇O2peak 29 ± 3.1 mL·kg-1·min-1) completed two experimental sessions: (1) no exercise (CTRL) and (2) 60 min of moderate-intensity cycling exercise at 60% V̇O2peak (MICT) in a crossover design. Blood analysis included growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), total ghrelin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine3-36 (PYY3-36), total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, and glucose, as well as subjective appetite perceptions were measured in specific intervals. A standard breakfast at 0 h and an ad libitum meal postexercise was provided. Result GDF-15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [2.48-27.28] ng/L, p = 0.021) increased immediately following MICT compared to CTRL. However, there were no differences for PYY3-36 (p = 0.480,η p 2 = 0.025 ), total ghrelin (p = 0.646,η p 2 = 0.011 ), and total GLP-1 (p = 0.451,η p 2 = 0.029 ) between sessions. Appetite perceptions (95% CI: [(-20.38)-(-6.16)] mm, p = 0.001) were suppressed following MICT though energy intake was not different between the sessions (95% CI: [(-1904.9)-928.1] kJ, p = 0.480). Conclusion Sixty minutes of MICT increased GDF-15 while suppressing appetite perceptions in individuals with obesity. There was no energy compensation postexercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bahman Mirzaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology University of Guilan Rasht Iran
| | - Timothy J Fairchild
- School of Allied Health and Centre for Healthy Ageing College of Health and Education, Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo Canada
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Sardjoe M, Aldred S, Adam T, Plasqui G, Brunstrom JM, Dourish CT, Higgs S. Inhibitory control mediates the effect of high intensity interval exercise on food choice. Appetite 2024; 200:107499. [PMID: 38759756 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Exercise is associated with changes in food consumption and cognitive function. The aim of this study was to examine the immediate effects of acute exercise on appetite, food choices, and cognitive processes, and the mediating role of cognitive functioning, namely inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility and decision making. We compared the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) to a resting condition on appetite and food choices, using visual analogue rating scales and a computerised portion selection task. Mediation analysis was performed with exercise/rest condition as a predictor variable and cognitive measures were entered as mediating variables and food choice measures as outcomes. Young women with low activity levels, aged between 18 and 35 years with a body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 25 kg/m², were recruited. Participants (n = 30) demonstrated improved performance on a Stroop task following HIIE compared to the rest session, indicating enhanced attentional inhibition. Accuracy on an N-back task was significantly higher after HIIE, indicating an improvement in working memory and response times on the N-back task were shorter after HIIE, suggesting increased processing speed. Delay discounting for food (but not money) was reduced after HIEE but there were no significant effects on go/no-go task performance. On the trail-making task (a measure of cognitive flexibility), the time difference between trail B and A was significantly lower after HIIE, compared to rest. HIIE reduced rated enjoyment and ideal portion size selection for high energy dense foods. The relationship between exercise and food choices was mediated by inhibition as assessed by the Stoop task. These results suggest that HIIE leads to cognitive benefits and a reduced preference for high-calorie foods and that an enhancement of attentional inhibition may underlie this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhronica Sardjoe
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah Aldred
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja Adam
- Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, Maastricht, MD, the Netherlands
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, Maastricht, MD, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Brunstrom
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, United Kingdom; NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Colin T Dourish
- Blue Day Healthcare, Marlow, Buckinghamshire, SL7 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Boscaro A, Bailly M, Pereira B, Beraud D, Costes F, Julian V, Duclos M, Finlayson G, Thivel D, Boirie Y, Verney J. Post-exercise energy replacement might lead to reduced subsequent energy intake in women with constitutional thinness: Exploratory results from the NUTRILEAN project. Appetite 2024; 195:107203. [PMID: 38232805 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
While people with Constitutional Thinness (CT) declare a deep willingness to gain weight, there appetitive responses to energy balance manipulations remain unclear. The present work compares the effect of an acute exercise combined or not with an energy replacement load, on subsequent energy intake, appetite and food reward, between normal weight and women with CT. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (Dual X-ray absorptiometry-DXA) and aerobic capacity (VO2max) were assessed in 10 normal-weight (Body Mass Index-BMI): 20-25 kg/m2) and 10 C T (BMI<17.5 kg/m2) women (18-30 years). They randomly performed i) a resting session (CON); ii) an exercise session (EX); iii) an exercise session with energy replacement (EX + R). Their subsequent ad libitum intake, appetite feelings and food reward were evaluated (Leeds-Food-Preference-Questionnaire). CT showed a lower weight (p < 0,001), BMI(p < 0,001), Fat-Mass (%) (p = 0,003) and Fat-Free Mass (kg) (p < 0,001). CT showed a lower ad libitum energy intake on EX + R compared with CON (p = 0,008) and a higher Relative Energy Intake (REI) on CON compared with EX (p = 0,007) and EX + R (p < 0,001). A lower was observed during EX and EX + R compared with CON (p = 0,006,p = 0,009 respectively) in CT. No condition nor group effect was found for hunger. NW only showed a higher pre-meal fullness on EX + R compared to CON and EX (p < 0,001). Choice (p = 0,030), Explicit Liking (p = 0,016), Explicit Wanting (p = 0,004) and Implicit Wanting (p = 0,035) for taste were higher on EX + R than CON and EX. The decreased EI observed in CT when the exercise-induced energy expenditure is compensated by the ingestion of an equivalent energy load, might contribute to explain the difficulty to increase their energy balance and then induce weight gain. Further studies are needed to better understand their energy balance regulation to propose adapted weight gain strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Boscaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Mélina Bailly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics Unit, Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Duane Beraud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.
| | - David Thivel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Yves Boirie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Julien Verney
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Caruso L, Zauli E, Vaccarezza M. Physical Exercise and Appetite Regulation: New Insights. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1170. [PMID: 37627235 PMCID: PMC10452291 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is considered an important physiological intervention able to prevent cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and obesity-related cardiometabolic imbalance. Nevertheless, basic molecular mechanisms that govern the metabolic benefits of physical exercise are poorly understood. Recent data unveil new mechanisms that potentially explain the link between exercise, feeding suppression, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Curtin Medical School and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Arosio B, Calvani R, Ferri E, Coelho-Junior HJ, Carandina A, Campanelli F, Ghiglieri V, Marzetti E, Picca A. Sarcopenia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Targeting the Muscle-Brain Axis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081853. [PMID: 37111070 PMCID: PMC10142447 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Declines in physical performance and cognition are commonly observed in older adults. The geroscience paradigm posits that a set of processes and pathways shared among age-associated conditions may also serve as a molecular explanation for the complex pathophysiology of physical frailty, sarcopenia, and cognitive decline. Mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, metabolic alterations, declines in cellular stemness, and altered intracellular signaling have been observed in muscle aging. Neurological factors have also been included among the determinants of sarcopenia. Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are synapses bridging nervous and skeletal muscle systems with a relevant role in age-related musculoskeletal derangement. Patterns of circulating metabolic and neurotrophic factors have been associated with physical frailty and sarcopenia. These factors are mostly related to disarrangements in protein-to-energy conversion as well as reduced calorie and protein intake to sustain muscle mass. A link between sarcopenia and cognitive decline in older adults has also been described with a possible role for muscle-derived mediators (i.e., myokines) in mediating muscle-brain crosstalk. Herein, we discuss the main molecular mechanisms and factors involved in the muscle-brain axis and their possible implication in cognitive decline in older adults. An overview of current behavioral strategies that allegedly act on the muscle-brain axis is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelica Carandina
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Campanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele University, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy
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Thackray AE, Stensel DJ. The impact of acute exercise on appetite control: Current insights and future perspectives. Appetite 2023; 186:106557. [PMID: 37044176 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of exercise with appetite control and energy intake has been widely studied due to the ability of exercise-related energy expenditure to influence energy and substrate balance. Many empirical studies have explored appetite and energy intake responses to acute (single) exercise bouts involving a variety of protocols in diverse populations revealing several consistent trends. The balance of evidence suggests that acute moderate-to-vigorous intensity land-based exercise suppresses subjective appetite feelings and the orexigenic hormone acylated ghrelin and elevates the anorexigenic hormones peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1. These perturbations are transient and hormone concentrations usually return to resting values in the hours after exercise without evoking compensatory increases in appetite or energy intake on the same day. This evidence counters the popular assertion that exercise transiently increases appetite and may prompt greater energy intake at subsequent meals. The indifference of the appetite control system to acute exercise-induced energy deficits contrasts with the immediate increases in appetite and energy intake provoked by equivalent diet-induced energy deficits. There is, however, considerable inter-individual variability in subjective appetite and hormonal responses to acute exercise with some individuals experiencing greater exercise-induced appetite suppression than others. Current evidence supports the promotion of exercise as a strategy for inducing a short-term energy deficit but the relevance of this for long-term appetite regulation and the control of body mass remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - David J Stensel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan; Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Liu HW, Cheng HC, Tsai SH, Shao YT. Effects of acute resistance exercise with different loads on appetite, appetite hormones and autonomic nervous system responses in healthy young men. Appetite 2023; 182:106428. [PMID: 36539159 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the effect of continuous aerobic exercise on the appetite has been widely explored, the influence of resistance exercise (RE) with different variables, including training loads, training volume, and inter-set rest, on appetite responses requires further investigation. This study examined the importance of training load in RE-induced appetite regulation, with the total training volume and inter-set rest equalized. In total, 11 healthy young men (age = 23 ± 2 years, body mass index = 22 ± 2 kg/m2) were included. Participants completed 3 trials, namely moderate-load RE (MOD; 4 sets of 8 repetitions at 85% 8RM), low-load RE (LOW; 4 sets of 15 repetitions at 45% 8RM), and a control (CON; no exercise), in a randomized, crossover design. Subjective appetite ratings; concentrations of ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), and lactate; and the autonomic nervous system activity were evaluated before exercise and 1 h after exercise. The hunger and predicted food consumption ratings, and ghrelin concentrations immediately after exercise were significantly lower in the MOD and LOW trials (p < 0.05 vs. CON). The PYY and lactate concentrations immediately after exercise were significantly higher in the MOD and LOW trials (p < 0.05 vs. CON). Heart rate variability recovery was slower in the MOD trial. These findings suggest that both moderate-load and low-load RE at equal training volumes and inter-set rest induce similar responses on hunger suppression and orexigenic signals, except for the slower recovery of autonomic modulation after moderate-load RE. Our results suggest that when individuals aim to potentiate appetite suppression after a bout of RE, both moderate- and low-load RE could be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 162 Section 1, Heping E. Rd., Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Chien Cheng
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 162 Section 1, Heping E. Rd., Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hsi Tsai
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 162 Section 1, Heping E. Rd., Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Te Shao
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 162 Section 1, Heping E. Rd., Taipei City, Taiwan
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11
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Maylor BD, Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Stensel DJ, Orton CJ, Bailey DP. Breaking up sitting with short frequent or long infrequent physical activity breaks does not lead to compensatory changes in appetite, appetite-regulating hormones or energy intake. Appetite 2023; 182:106445. [PMID: 36592798 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the appetite-related responses to breaking up prolonged sitting with physical activity bouts differing in frequency and duration among adult females. Fourteen sedentary females aged 34 ± 13 years with a body mass index of 27.1 ± 6.3 kg/m2 (mean ± SD) took part in a randomised crossover trial with three, 7.5 h conditions: (1) uninterrupted sitting (SIT), (2) sitting with short frequent 2-min moderate-intensity walking breaks every 30 min (SHORT-BREAKS), and (3) sitting with longer duration, less frequent 10-min moderate-intensity walking breaks every 170-180 min (LONG-BREAKS). The intensity and total duration of physical activity was matched between the SHORT-BREAKS and LONG-BREAKS conditions. Linear mixed models were used to compare the outcomes between conditions with significance being accepted as p ≤ 0.05. There were no significant between-condition differences in hunger, satisfaction, prospective food consumption or overall appetite area under the curve (AUC) (all p ≥ 0.801). Absolute ad libitum energy intake and relative energy intake (REI) did not differ significantly between conditions (all p ≥ 0.420). Acylated ghrelin and total peptide YY incremental and total AUC did not differ significantly between conditions (all p ≥ 0.388). Yet, there was a medium effect size for the higher acylated ghrelin incremental AUC in SHORT-BREAKS versus SIT (d = 0.61); the reverse was seen for total AUC, which was lower in SHORT-BREAKS versus SIT (d = 0.69). These findings suggest that breaking up sitting does not lead to compensatory changes in appetite, appetite hormones or energy intake regardless of physical activity bout duration and frequency among adult females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Maylor
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, UK; Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, UK
| | - David J Stensel
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK; National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Charlie J Orton
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Daniel P Bailey
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, UK; Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UK; Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
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12
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Videira-Silva A, Hetherington-Rauth M, Sardinha LB, Fonseca H. Combined high-intensity interval training as an obesity-management strategy for adolescents. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:109-120. [PMID: 34663193 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1995508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Effective and safe exercise protocols for obesity management in adolescents are imperative. This study aimed to analyse compliance, efficacy, and safety of combined high-intensity interval training circuit (HIIT) in the management of obesity (including overweight) in adolescents, compared to traditional training (TT). Data from 55 adolescents (47.3% girls) (TT n = 31; HIIT n = 24), aged 12-18 (mean age of 14.3 ± 1.7), with overweight and obesity (median BMI z-score of 2.95), were assessed at baseline and month 6 (Clinicaltrials.gov/NCT02941770). During the 6-month intervention, participants in both exercise groups attended two exercise sessions/week (60 min/session) along with a set of appointments with a paediatrician, nutritionist, and exercise physiologist. Forty-six participants completed the intervention (TT n = 23; HIIT n = 23). Exercise session attendance (≥80%) was significantly higher among HIIT participants (73.9 vs. 13.0%, p < .001). HIIT, but not TT, showed a significant decrease in BMI z-score (d = 0.40, p < .001), body fat mass (BFM, %) (d = 0.41, p = .001), and trunk fat mass (d = 0.56, p < .001), as well as a significant increase in muscle mass (MM, %) (d = 0.28, p = .001) between baseline and 6 months. According to generalized estimating equations, time-by-attendance interactions (instead of time-by group) were found in BMI z-score (β = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.33), BFM (β = 2.29, 95%CI: 1.02, 3.56), trunk fat mass (β = 2.94, 95%CI: 1.70, 4.18), and MM (β = -1.16, 95%CI: -1.87, -0.45). No adverse events were reported during HIIT sessions. Although compliance may mediate the impact of an exercise protocol on health-related outcomes, HIIT showed to be safe, with higher compliance compared to TT, which may result in improved outcomes overtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Videira-Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric University Clinic, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Megan Hetherington-Rauth
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, Exercise and Health Laboratory, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, Exercise and Health Laboratory, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Fonseca
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, Rheumatology Research Unit, Molecular Medicine Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Wu L, Zhou M, Xie Y, Lang H, Li T, Yi L, Zhang Q, Mi M. Dihydromyricetin Enhances Exercise-Induced GLP-1 Elevation through Stimulating cAMP and Inhibiting DPP-4. Nutrients 2022; 14:4583. [PMID: 36364846 PMCID: PMC9656859 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether endogenous GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) could respond to exercise training in mice, as well as whether dihydromyricetin (DHM) supplementation could enhance GLP-1 levels in response to exercise training. After 2 weeks of exercise intervention, we found that GLP-1 levels were significantly elevated. A reshaped gut microbiota was identified following exercise, as evidenced by the increased abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, and Alistipes genus, which are involved in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Antibiotic treatment negated exercise-induced GLP-1 secretion, which could be reversed with gut microbiota transplantation. Additionally, the combined intervention (DHM and exercise) was modeled in mice. Surprisingly, the combined intervention resulted in higher GLP-1 levels than the exercise intervention alone. In exercised mice supplemented with DHM, the gut microbiota composition changed as well, while the amount of SCFAs was unchanged in the stools. Additionally, DHM treatment induced intracellular cAMP in vitro and down-regulated the gene and protein expression of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, the auxo-action of exercise on GLP-1 secretion is associated with the gut-microbiota-SCFAs axis. Moreover, our findings suggest that DHM interacts synergistically with exercise to enhance GLP-1 levels by stimulating cAMP and inhibiting DPP-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qianyong Zhang
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (M.M.); Fax: +86-2368771689 (Q.Z.); +86-2368771549 (M.M.)
| | - Mantian Mi
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (M.M.); Fax: +86-2368771689 (Q.Z.); +86-2368771549 (M.M.)
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14
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Kojima C, Ishibashi A, Ebi K, Goto K. Exogenous glucose oxidation during endurance exercise under low energy availability. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276002. [PMID: 36223366 PMCID: PMC9555626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of endurance exercise under low energy availability (EA) on exogenous glucose oxidation during endurance exercise. Ten active males (21.4 ± 0.6 years, 170.4 ± 1.4 cm, 62.4 ± 1.5 kg, 21.5 ± 0.4 kg/m2) completed two trials, consisting of two consecutive days (days 1 and 2) of endurance training under low EA (19.9 ± 0.2 kcal/kg fat free mass [FFM]/day, LEA trial) or normal EA (46.4 ± 0.1 kcal/kg FFM/day, NEA trial). The order of these two trials was randomized with at least a 1-week interval between trials. As an endurance training, participants performed 60 min of treadmill running at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max ) during two consecutive days (on days 1 and 2). On day 1, the endurance training was performed with consumed individually manipulated meals. During the endurance exercise on day 2, exogenous glucose oxidation was evaluated using 13C-labeled glucose, and respiratory gas samples were collected. In addition, blood glucose and lactate concentrations were measured immediately after exercise on day 2. Body composition, blood parameters, and resting respiratory gas variables were evaluated under overnight fasting on days 1 and 2. Body weight was significantly reduced in the LEA trial on day2 (day1: 61.8 ± 1.4 kg, day 2: 61.3 ± 1.4 kg, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between trials in 13C excretion (P = 0.33) and area under the curve during the 60 min of exercise (LEA trial: 40.4 ± 3.1 mmol•60min, NEA trial: 40.4 ± 3.1 mmol•60min, P = 0.99). However, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER, LEA trial: 0.88 ± 0.01, NEA trial: 0.90 ± 0.01) and carbohydrate oxidation (LEA trial: 120.1 ± 8.8 g, NEA trial: 136.8 ± 8.6 g) during endurance exercise showed significantly lower values in the LEA trial than in the NEA trial (P = 0.01 for RER and carbohydrate oxidation). Serum insulin and total ketone body concentrations were significantly changed after a day of endurance training under low EA (P = 0.04 for insulin, P < 0.01 for total ketone). In conclusion, low EA during endurance exercise reduced systemic carbohydrate oxidation; however, exogenous glucose oxidation (evaluated by 13C excretion) remained unchanged during exercise under low EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Kojima
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Nishigaoka, Kitaku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Ishibashi
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ebi
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Yin Y, Guo Q, Zhou X, Duan Y, Yang Y, Gong S, Han M, Liu Y, Yang Z, Chen Q, Li F. Role of brain-gut-muscle axis in human health and energy homeostasis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:947033. [PMID: 36276808 PMCID: PMC9582522 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.947033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The interrelationship between brain, gut and skeletal muscle plays a key role in energy homeostasis of the body, and is becoming a hot topic of research. Intestinal microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and tryptophan metabolites, communicate with the central nervous system (CNS) by binding to their receptors. In fact, there is a cross-talk between the CNS and the gut. The CNS, under the stimulation of pressure, will also affect the stability of the intestinal system, including the local intestinal transport, secretion and permeability of the intestinal system. After the gastrointestinal tract collects information about food absorption, it sends signals to the central system through vagus nerve and other channels to stimulate the secretion of brain-gut peptide and produce feeding behavior, which is also an important part of maintaining energy homeostasis. Skeletal muscle has receptors for SCFAs and BAs. Therefore, intestinal microbiota can participate in skeletal muscle energy metabolism and muscle fiber conversion through their metabolites. Skeletal muscles can also communicate with the gut system during exercise. Under the stimulation of exercise, myokines secreted by skeletal muscle causes the secretion of intestinal hormones, and these hormones can act on the central system and affect food intake. The idea of the brain-gut-muscle axis is gradually being confirmed, and at present it is important for regulating energy homeostasis, which also seems to be relevant to human health. This article focuses on the interaction of intestinal microbiota, central nervous, skeletal muscle energy metabolism, and feeding behavior regulation, which will provide new insight into the diagnostic and treatment strategies for obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Saiming Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhikang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Liu XM, Wang K, Zhu Z, Cao ZB. Compensatory effects of different exercise durations on non-exercise physical activity, appetite, and energy intake in normal weight and overweight adults. Front Physiol 2022; 13:932846. [PMID: 36060692 PMCID: PMC9437276 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.932846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine compensatory changes of different exercise durations on non-exercise physical activity (NEPA), appetite, and energy intake (EI) in normal and overweight adults, and to determine if different body mass index of individuals interact with these compensatory effects. Methods: Ten normal weight adults (nine females and one male; age: 24.0 ± 0.4 years; BMI: 20.7 ± 0.5 kg/m2) and ten overweight adults (six females and four males; age: 24.5 ± 0.9 years; BMI: 25.9 ± 0.4 kg/m2) participated in this study. The participants completed two exercise trials: short-duration continuous training (SDCT) and long-duration continuous training (LDCT), i.e., a 40 min short-duration and an 80 min long-duration continuous training in a randomized order. Total physical activity and NEPA were monitored using an accelerometer for seven consecutive days, which involved a two-day baseline observation period (C-pre-Ex), three-day exercise intervention period (Ex), and two-day follow-up period (C-post-Ex). Blood samples were collected for appetite-related hormone analysis. Appetite score was assessed using the visual analogue scale. Energy intake was evaluated by weighing the food and recording diaries. Results: The NEPA evaluation showed that it was higher for SDCT than for LDCT in the C-post-Ex period (F (1, 19) = 8.508, p = 0.009) in the total sample. Moreover, results also indicated that NEPA was lower for LDCT (F (2, 18) = 6.316, p = 0.020) and higher for SDCT (F (2, 18) = 3.889, p = 0.026) in the C-post-Ex period than in the C-pre-Ex and Ex periods in overweight group. Acyl-ghrelin revealed a main effect of time in the total sample and in normal weight and overweight groups; it was lower in the C-post-Ex period than in the C-pre-Ex and Ex periods (all p < 0.05). Total EI analysis revealed no significant changes in either the total sample or in the normal weight and overweight groups. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that short duration exercise led to a compensatory increment in NEPA, whereas long duration exercise induced a compensatory decrease in NEPA. Moreover, there was a higher and delayed compensatory response in overweight adults than in normal weight adults. Nevertheless, energy intake was not changed across time, regardless of exercise duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Cao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-Bo Cao,
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Ribeiro FM, Silva MA, Lyssa V, Marques G, Lima HK, Franco OL, Petriz B. The molecular signaling of exercise and obesity in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:927170. [PMID: 35966101 PMCID: PMC9365995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.927170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major pandemics of the 21st century. Due to its multifactorial etiology, its treatment requires several actions, including dietary intervention and physical exercise. Excessive fat accumulation leads to several health problems involving alteration in the gut-microbiota-brain axis. This axis is characterized by multiple biological systems generating a network that allows bidirectional communication between intestinal bacteria and brain. This mutual communication maintains the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal, central nervous and microbial systems of animals. Moreover, this axis involves inflammatory, neural, and endocrine mechanisms, contributes to obesity pathogenesis. The axis also acts in appetite and satiety control and synthesizing hormones that participate in gastrointestinal functions. Exercise is a nonpharmacologic agent commonly used to prevent and treat obesity and other chronic degenerative diseases. Besides increasing energy expenditure, exercise induces the synthesis and liberation of several muscle-derived myokines and neuroendocrine peptides such as neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, ghrelin, and leptin, which act directly on the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Thus, exercise may serve as a rebalancing agent of the gut-microbiota-brain axis under the stimulus of chronic low-grade inflammation induced by obesity. So far, there is little evidence of modification of the gut-brain axis as a whole, and this narrative review aims to address the molecular pathways through which exercise may act in the context of disorders of the gut-brain axis due to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M. Ribeiro
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Maycon A. Silva
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Victória Lyssa
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Henny K. Lima
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio L. Franco
- Post-Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Biotechnology Program, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Petriz
- Center for Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post-Graduation in Genomic and Biotechnology Sciences, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Exercise Physiology - University Center of the Federal District - UDF, Brasilia, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences - University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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18
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Chen YC, Walhin JP, Hengist A, Gonzalez JT, Betts JA, Thompson D. Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Intermittent Walking Increases Postprandial Gut Hormone Responses. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1183-1189. [PMID: 35389963 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Continuous exercise can increase postprandial gut hormone such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) responses, but it is unknown whether interrupting prolonged sitting with intermittent walking elicits this effect. METHOD Ten participants with central overweight/obesity (7 men and 3 postmenopausal women, 51 ± 5 yr; mean ± SD) completed a randomized crossover study in which they consumed breakfast and lunch in the laboratory while either sitting continuously for the entire 5.5-h period (SIT) or the prolonged sitting interrupted every 20 min by walking briskly (6.4 km·h-1) for 2 min (BREAKS). Blood samples were collected at regular intervals to examine postprandial plasma GLP-1, PYY, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations. Adipose tissue samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the trials to examine changes in net dipeptidyl peptidase 4 secretion from primary explants. RESULTS Mean (95% confidence interval) postprandial GLP-1 and PYY incremental area under curve values were elevated by 26% and 31% in the BREAKS trial versus SIT (8.4 [0.7, 16.1] vs 6.7 [-0.8, 14.2], P = 0.001, and 26.9 [8.1, 45.6] vs 20.4 [5.1, 35.8] nmol·330 min·L-1, P = 0.024, respectively) but without any such effect on glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P = 0.076) or net adipose tissue dipeptidyl peptidase 4 secretion (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Interrupting prolonged sitting with regular short bouts of brisk walking increases postprandial GLP-1 and PYY concentrations in healthy middle-age men and women with central adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, TAIWAN
| | | | - Aaron Hengist
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - James A Betts
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
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19
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Association of age and body condition with physical activity of domestic cats (Felis catus). Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Wang Y, Wu Q, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Lei X, Chen Y, Chen Q. Circulating acyl and des-acyl ghrelin levels in obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2679. [PMID: 35177705 PMCID: PMC8854418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is the only known orexigenic gut hormone, and its synthesis, secretion and degradation are affected by different metabolic statuses. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the potential differences in plasma acyl ghrelin (AG) and des-acyl ghrelin (DAG) concentrations between normal weight and obese adults. Systematic literature searches of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science through October 2021 were conducted for articles reporting AG or DAG levels in obesity and normal weight, and 34 studies with 1863 participants who met the eligibility criteria were identified. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate group differences in circulating AG and DAG levels. Pooled effect size showed significantly lower levels of baseline AG (SMD: - 0.85; 95% CI: - 1.13 to - 0.57; PSMD < 0.001) and DAG (SMD: - 1.06; 95% CI: - 1.43 to - 0.69; PSMD < 0.001) in obese groups compared with healthy controls, and similar results were observed when subgroup analyses were stratified by the assay technique or storage procedure. Postprandial AG levels in obese subjects were significantly lower than those in controls when stratified by different time points (SMD 30 min: - 0.85, 95% CI: - 1.18 to - 0.53, PSMD < 0.001; SMD 60 min: - 1.00, 95% CI: - 1.37 to - 0.63, PSMD < 0.001; SMD 120 min: - 1.21, 95% CI: - 1.59 to - 0.83, PSMD < 0.001). In healthy subjects, a postprandial decline in AG was observed at 120 min (SMD: - 0.42; 95% CI: - 0.77 to - 0.06; PSMD = 0.021) but not in obese subjects (SMD: - 0.28; 95% CI: - 0.60 to 0.03; PSMD = 0.074). The mean change in AG concentration was similar in both the obese and lean health groups at each time point (ΔSMD30min: 0.31, 95% CI: - 0.35 to 0.97, PSMD = 0.359; ΔSMD60min: 0.17, 95% CI: - 0.12 to 0.46, PSMD = 0.246; ΔSMD120min: 0.21, 95% CI: - 0.13 to 0.54, PSMD = 0.224). This meta-analysis strengthens the clinical evidence supporting the following: lower baseline levels of circulating AG and DAG in obese individuals; declines in postprandial circulating AG levels, both for the healthy and obese individuals; a shorter duration of AG suppression in obese subjects after meal intake. These conclusions have significance for follow-up studies to elucidate the role of various ghrelin forms in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.,Ya'an Polytechnic College, No. 130 Yucai Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianxian Wu
- Ya'an Polytechnic College, No. 130 Yucai Road, Yucheng District, Yaan, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- Halifa Regional Centre for Education, No. 33 Spectacle Lake Dr, Dartmouth, NS, B3B1X7, Canada
| | - Xingxing Lei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610075, Sichuan, China.
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21
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Avirineni BS, Singh A, Zapata RC, Stevens RD, Phillips CD, Chelikani PK. Diets Containing Egg or Whey Protein and Inulin Fiber Improve Energy Balance and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Exercising Obese Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100653. [PMID: 35108450 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary protein, prebiotic fiber and exercise individually have been shown to aid in weight loss; however less is known of their combined effects on energy balance. We determined the effects of diets high in protein and fiber, with exercise, on energy balance, hormones and gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS Obese male rats were fed high-fat diets with high protein and fiber contents from egg protein and cellulose, egg protein and inulin, whey protein and cellulose, or whey protein and inulin, together with treadmill exercise. We found that inulin enriched diets decreased energy intake and respiratory quotient, increased energy expenditure, and upregulated transcripts for cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY and proglucagon in distal gut. Notably, CCK1-receptor blockade attenuated the hypophagic effects of diets and in particular whey-inulin diet, and β-adrenergic blockade reduced energy expenditure across all diets. Egg-cellulose, egg-inulin and whey-inulin diets decreased weight gain, adiposity, hepatic lipidosis and decreased lipogenic transcripts, improved glycemic control and up-regulated hepatic glucose metabolism transcripts, and decreased plasma insulin and leptin. Importantly, diet was linked to altered gut microbial composition and plasma metabolomics, and a subset of predicted metagenome pathways and plasma metabolites significantly correlated, with plasma butyric acid the most strongly associated to metagenome function. CONCLUSION Combination of dietary egg or whey protein with inulin and exercise improved energy balance, glucose metabolism, upregulated anorectic hormones, and selectively modulated gut microbiota and plasma metabolites. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath S Avirineni
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Present Address: Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, USA
| | - Rizaldy C Zapata
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Richard D Stevens
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Caleb D Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Prasanth K Chelikani
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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22
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Kamemoto K, Yamada M, Matsuda T, Ogata H, Ishikawa A, Kanno M, Miyashita M, Sakamaki-Sunaga M. Effects of menstrual cycle on appetite-regulating hormones and energy intake in response to cycling exercise in physically active women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 132:224-235. [PMID: 34882026 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01117.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ample evidence supports the notion that an acute bout of endurance exercise performed at or greater than 70% of maximum oxygen uptake suppresses appetite partly through changes in appetite-regulating hormones, no study has directly compared the influence between the phases of the menstrual cycle in women. The present study compared the effects of an acute bout of exercise on orexigenic hormone (acylated ghrelin) and anorexigenic hormones (peptide YY and cholecystokinin) between the early follicular phase (FP) and the mid luteal phase (LP) of the menstrual cycle in physically active women. Ten healthy women (age, 20.6 ± 0.7 years) completed two 3.5-h trials in each menstrual phase. In both trials, participants performed cycling exercises at 70% of heart rate reserve (at a corresponding intensity to 70% of maximum oxygen uptake) for 60 min followed by 90 min of rest. Following 90 min of rest, participants were provided with an ad libitum meal for a fixed duration of 30 min. Blood samples and subjective appetite were collected and assessed before, during, immediately post-, 45 min post-, and 90 min post-exercise. The exercise increased estradiol (327 %) and progesterone (681 %) in the LP more than the FP respectively (P < 0.001, f = 1.33; P < 0.001,f = 1.20). There were no between-trial differences in appetite-regulating hormones, subjective appetite, or energy intake of ad libitum meal. These findings indicate that exercise-induced increases in ovarian hormones in the LP may not influence appetite-regulating hormones in physically active women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Kamemoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamada
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoka Matsuda
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hazuki Ogata
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Kanno
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Li H, Donelan W, Wang F, Zhang P, Yang L, Ding Y, Tang D, Li S. GLP-1 Induces the Expression of FNDC5 Derivatives That Execute Lipolytic Actions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:777026. [PMID: 34869379 PMCID: PMC8636013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.777026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple GLP-1-derived therapeutics are clinically used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, the underlying mechanism of how these drugs regulate the body weight of obese patients remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that the lipolysis effects of GLP-1 on β cells can depend on its induced expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5). The transmembrane FNDC5 is a precursor of the recently identified hormone irisin that possesses a range of bioactivities, including anti-obesity and anti-diabetes. We revealed that GLP-1 upregulates the expression and secretion of FNDC5 in β cells, while GLP-1 itself fails to activate the lipolysis genes in FNDC5-knockout β cells. In addition, liraglutide, a clinically used GLP-1 receptor agonist, induced the expression of FNDC5 in mouse pancreas and brain tissues and increased the serum level of secreted FNDC5. Furthermore, we observed the expression of the well-known membrane-associated FNDC5 and a novel, secretable FNDC5 (sFNDC5) isoform in β cells and multiple rat tissues. Recombinant sFNDC5 stimulated lipolysis of wild type and FNDC5-knockout β cells. This new isoform further induced lipolysis and browning of adipocytes, and similar to irisin, executed potent anti-obesity activities in an obese mouse model. Overall, our studies provided new mechanistic insights into GLP-1’s anti-obesity actions in which GLP-1 induces the secretion of FNDC5 derivatives from its responsive organs that then mediate its anti-obesity activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - William Donelan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peilan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery, and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery, and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dongqi Tang
- Center for Gene and Immunotherapy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shiwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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24
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Aikawa Y, Horiba M, Yoshikawa A, Hori A, Fukuchi K, Fujihara S, Ogiso Y, Seki K, Takagi Y. Acute Effects of Moderate Aerobic Dance Exercise on Moods, Appetite, and Energy Intake in Young Adult Women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:323-329. [PMID: 34719618 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Energy intake (EI) has been identified as a key factor of health controlled by exercise. Aerobic dance exercise (ADEX) is a popular exercise for fitness that one can enjoy. This present study aims to examine the influence of ADEX on moods, appetite, and EI. Thirty-one young female college students completed two 1-h experimental conditions: sedentary (SED) and ADEX followed by an ad libitum lunch. Visual analog scales and measurement of salivary α-amylase activity were used to assess appetite, fatigue, and stress at pre act, post act, and pre lunch, respectively. The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of the SED or ADEX activities was measured using the Borg scale (range, 6-20). The participants completed the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult Short at pre and post act only on the ADEX experimental day to assess the degree to which total mood disturbance (TMD), negative mood disturbance (NMD), and positive mood disturbance (PMD) have correlations with EI. In results, ADEX increased in RPE but did not affect TMD, NMD, PMD, hunger, fullness, appetite, and EI. Additionally, the ADEX-induced relative changes in EI were not determined to be significantly correlated with RPE in ADEX or the change in TMD, NMD, or PMD by ADEX. Our study suggests that ADEX does not affect mood, appetite, and EI. In addition, individual mood changes caused by ADEX do not correlate with EI in young adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Aikawa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tsu City College
| | - Minori Horiba
- Faculty of Health and Sports, Nagoya Gakuin University
| | | | - Amane Hori
- Graduate School of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Kaori Fukuchi
- Department of Childcare, Kyoto College of Social Welfare
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25
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Smith KA, Pugh JN, Duca FA, Close GL, Ormsbee MJ. Gastrointestinal pathophysiology during endurance exercise: endocrine, microbiome, and nutritional influences. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:2657-2674. [PMID: 34131799 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms are abundant among athletes engaging in endurance exercise, particularly when exercising in increased environmental temperatures, at higher intensities, or over extremely long distances. It is currently thought that prolonged ischemia, mechanical damage to the epithelial lining, and loss of epithelial barrier integrity are likely contributors of gastrointestinal (GI) distress during bouts of endurance exercise, but due to the many potential causes and sporadic nature of symptoms this phenomenon has proven difficult to study. In this review, we cover known factors that contribute to GI distress symptoms in athletes during exercise, while further attempting to identify novel avenues of future research to help elucidate mechanisms leading to symptomology. We explore the link between the intestinal microbiome, the integrity of the gut epithelia, and add detail on gut hormone and peptide secretion that could potentially contribute to GI distress symptoms in athletes. The influence of nutrition and dietary supplementation strategies are also detailed, where much research has opened up new ideas and potential mechanisms for understanding gut pathophysiology during exercise. The etiology of gastrointestinal symptoms during endurance exercise is multi-factorial with neuroendocrine, microbial, and nutritional factors likely contributing to specific, individualized symptoms. Recent work in previously unexplored areas of both microbiome and gut peptide secretion are pertinent areas for future work, and the numerous supplementation strategies explored to date have provided insight into physiological mechanisms that may be targetable to reduce the incidence and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jamie N Pugh
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 5UA, UK
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 5UA, UK
| | - Michael J Ormsbee
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, 1104 Spirit Way, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA. .,Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
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26
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Byambasukh O, Vinke P, Kromhout D, Navis G, Corpeleijn E. Physical activity and 4-year changes in body weight in 52,498 non-obese people: the Lifelines cohort. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:75. [PMID: 34098972 PMCID: PMC8186174 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) at different intensities (moderate and vigorous or moderate-to-vigorous) and prospective weight gain in non-obese people. We also examined whether these associations were independent of other lifestyle factors and changes in muscle mass and whether they were age-dependent and changed over a person's life course. METHODS The data were extracted from the Lifelines cohort study (N = 52,498; 43.5% men) and excluded obese individuals (BMI > 30 kg/m2). We used the validated SQUASH questionnaire to estimate moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA; MET≥4), moderate (MPA; MET between 4 and 6.5) and vigorous PA (VPA; MET≥6.5). Body weight was objectively measured, and changes were standardized to a 4-year period. Separate analyses, adjusted for age, educational level, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption and changes in creatinine excretion (a marker of muscle mass), were performed for men and women. RESULTS The average weight gain was + 0.45 ± 0.03 kg in women. Relative to each reference groups (No-MVPA, No-MPA and No-VPA), MVPA (Beta (95%CI): - 0.34 kg (- 0.56;-0.13)), MPA (- 0.32 kg (- 0.54;-0.10)) and VPA (- 0.30 kg (- 0.43;-0.18)) were associated with less gain in body weight in women after adjusting for potential confounders, described above. These associations were dose-dependent when physically active individuals were divided in tertiles. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the lowest, middle, and highest MVPA tertiles relative to the 'No-MVPA' were, respectively, - 0.24 (- 0.47;-0.02), - 0.31 (- 0.53;-0.08), and - 0.38 (- 0.61;-0.16) kg. The average weight gain in men was + 0.13 ± 0.03 kg, and only VPA, not MPA was associated with less body weight gain. Beta-coefficients (95%CI) for the VPA tertiles relative to the 'No-VPA' group were, respectively, - 0.25 (- 0.42;-0.09), - 0.19 (- 0.38;-0.01) and - 0.20 (- 0.38;-0.02) kg. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, the association was no longer significant in men. The potential benefits of leisure-time PA were age-stratified and mainly observed in younger adults (men < 35 years) or stronger with younger age (women < 55 years). CONCLUSION Higher leisure-time MVPA, MPA, and VPA were associated with less weight gain in women < 55 years. In younger men (< 35 years), only VPA was associated with less weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyuntugs Byambasukh
- Department of Epidemiology (FA40), Unit of Lifestyle Medicine in Obesity and Diabetes, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Department of Endocrinology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Petra Vinke
- Department of Epidemiology (FA40), Unit of Lifestyle Medicine in Obesity and Diabetes, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan Kromhout
- Department of Epidemiology (FA40), Unit of Lifestyle Medicine in Obesity and Diabetes, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology (FA40), Unit of Lifestyle Medicine in Obesity and Diabetes, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30 001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
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27
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Frampton J, Cobbold B, Nozdrin M, Oo HTH, Wilson H, Murphy KG, Frost G, Chambers ES. The Effect of a Single Bout of Continuous Aerobic Exercise on Glucose, Insulin and Glucagon Concentrations Compared to Resting Conditions in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Sports Med 2021; 51:1949-1966. [PMID: 33905087 PMCID: PMC8363558 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Elevated glucose and insulin levels are major risk factors in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Aerobic exercise is widely recommended to improve glycaemic control, yet its acute effect on glycaemia and glucoregulatory hormones has not been systematically reviewed and analysed in healthy adults. Objective To determine the effect of a single bout of continuous aerobic exercise on circulating glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations in healthy adults. Methods CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, HMIC, Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 2020. Papers were included if they reported a randomised, crossover study measuring glucose and/or insulin and/or glucagon concentrations before and immediately after a single bout of continuous aerobic exercise (≥ 30 min) compared to a time-matched, resting control arm in healthy adults. The risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and GRADE approach, respectively. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for glucose, insulin, and glucagon. Sub-group meta-analyses and meta-regression were performed for categorical (metabolic state [postprandial or fasted], exercise mode [cycle ergometer or treadmill]) and continuous (age, body mass index, % males, maximal aerobic capacity, exercise duration, exercise intensity) covariates, respectively. Results 42 papers (51 studies) were considered eligible: glucose (45 studies, 391 participants), insulin (38 studies, 377 participants) and glucagon (5 studies, 47 participants). Acute aerobic exercise had no significant effect on glucose concentrations (mean difference: − 0.05 mmol/L; 95% CI, − 0.22 to 0.13 mmol/L; P = 0.589; I2: 91.08%, large heterogeneity; moderate-quality evidence). Acute aerobic exercise significantly decreased insulin concentrations (mean difference: − 18.07 pmol/L; 95% CI, − 30.47 to − 5.66 pmol/L; P = 0.004; I2: 95.39%, large heterogeneity; moderate-quality evidence) and significantly increased glucagon concentrations (mean difference: 24.60 ng/L; 95% CI, 16.25 to 32.95 ng/L; P < 0.001; I2: 79.36%, large heterogeneity; moderate-quality evidence). Sub-group meta-analyses identified that metabolic state modified glucose and insulin responses, in which aerobic exercise significantly decreased glucose (mean difference: − 0.27 mmol/L; 95% CI, − 0.55 to − 0.00 mmol/L; P = 0.049; I2: 89.72%, large heterogeneity) and insulin (mean difference: − 42.63 pmol/L; 95% CI, − 66.18 to − 19.09 pmol/L; P < 0.001; I2: 81.29%, large heterogeneity) concentrations in the postprandial but not fasted state. Meta-regression revealed that the glucose concentrations were also moderated by exercise duration and maximal aerobic capacity. Conclusions Acute aerobic exercise performed in the postprandial state decreases glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy adults. Acute aerobic exercise also increases glucagon concentrations irrespective of metabolic state. Therefore, aerobic exercise undertaken in the postprandial state is an effective strategy to improve acute glycaemic control in healthy adults, supporting the role of aerobic exercise in reducing cardiometabolic disease incidence. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020191345. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-021-01473-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Frampton
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Benjamin Cobbold
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mikhail Nozdrin
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Htet T H Oo
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Holly Wilson
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kevin G Murphy
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Edward S Chambers
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Nejati R, Bijeh N, Rad MM, Hosseini SRA. The impact of different modes of exercise training on GLP-1: a systematic review and meta-analysis research. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-00950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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29
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Halliday TM, White MH, Hild AK, Conroy MB, Melanson EL, Cornier MA. Appetite and Energy Intake Regulation in Response to Acute Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2173-2181. [PMID: 33831896 PMCID: PMC8440326 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine if energy intake and appetite regulation differ in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise (REx) versus aerobic exercise (AEx). METHODS Physically inactive adults (n = 24, 35% ± 2% body fat, 50% female) completed three conditions: AEx (walking at 65%-70% heart rate max for 45 min), REx (1 set to failure of 12 exercises), and sedentary control (SED). Each condition was initiated in the postprandial state (35 min after breakfast). Appetite (visual analog scale for hunger, satiety, and prospective food consumption) and hormones (ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)) were measured before and 30, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min after a standardized breakfast. Area under the curve was calculated using the trapezoid method. Ad libitum energy intake was evaluated at a lunch meal after the 180-min measurements. RESULTS No differences in ad libitum energy intake (REx, 991 ± 68; AEx, 937 ± 65; SED, 944 ± 76 kcal; P = 0.50) or appetite ratings (all, P > 0.05) were detected. The area under the curve for ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 were all lower after REx versus AEx (ghrelin: 130,737 ± 4928 for REx; 143,708 ± 7500 for AEx (P = 0.006); PYY: 20,540 ± 1177 for REx, 23,812 ± 1592 for AEx (P = 0.001); and GLP-1: 1314 ± 93 for REx, 1615 ± 110 for AEx (P = 0.013)). Neither exercise condition significantly differed from SED. CONCLUSIONS Acute REx lowers both orexigenic (ghrelin) and anorectic (PYY and GLP-1) gut peptides compared with acute AEx. Ad libitum energy intake did not increase compared with SED in either exercise condition, indicating both exercise modalities have appetite and energy intake suppressing effects. Future work is needed to determine if exercise of differing modalities influences chronic appetite regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mollie H White
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Allison K Hild
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Molly B Conroy
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Terra CM, Botero JP, Antunes J, Haddock B, Malik N, Thivel D, Prado WL. Obesity does not modulate men's eating behavior after a high intensity interval exercise session: an exercise trial. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:280-286. [PMID: 32720782 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the impact of obesity on responses to high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on hunger and energy intake (EI) in young men. METHODS Ten men with obesity (OB) (Body Mass Index [BMI]: 34.6±4.4 kg/m2) and 10 with normal weight (CG) (BMI: 23.1±3.9 kg/m2) participated in a HIIE session. The session consisted of 6 rounds performed at 100% of maximum aerobic velocity (MAV) for 30 seconds, followed by 30 seconds of active recovery at 50% MAV and concluded with 4 minutes of passive recovery. This was repeated three times. EI was estimated at baseline and 24 h-post-HIIE. Hunger was measured at baseline, 2 h- and 24 h-post HIIE. RESULTS Carbohydrate (CHO) intake increased in both groups (P<0.01). Hunger feelings (19.5 [0-50] mm at baseline to 50 [9-73] mm post-2 h and 60 [8-92] mm in post-24 h [group: P=0.71, time: P<0.01, group × time: P=0.06]) and a desire to eat (34 [1-89] ±36.0 mm at baseline to 63 [11-86] mm post-2 h and 51 [7-84] mm post-24 h [group: P=0.65, time: P<0.01, group × time: P=0.29]) increased in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Weight status does not modulate hunger and EI post-HIIE. However, the compensatory increase in CHO intake and hunger feelings is particularly noteworthy for health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio M Terra
- Department of Human Performance, Federal University of São Paolo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Joao P Botero
- Department of Human Performance, Federal University of São Paolo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Jaddy Antunes
- Department of Human Performance, Federal University of São Paolo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Bryan Haddock
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Neal Malik
- Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA -
| | - David Thivel
- Department of Human Kinetics, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Wagner L Prado
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
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Miya N, Naito Y, Chikamoto K, Terao K, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H. Bright and dark sides of exercise effects on biological responses such as energy metabolism and renal function in rats with renal failure and fructose-induced glucose intolerance. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:198-205. [PMID: 32523246 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the beneficial and risky effects of exercise intended to prevent or treat lifestyle-related diseases on insulin sensitivity, lactic acid utilization, lipid metabolism, hepatic and renal oxidative stress, hepatic selenoprotein P and renal function in obese and glucose-intolerant rats with renal failure. We fed normal rats a 20% casein diet while the glucose-intolerant, obese rats received a high-fructose diet, and after then rats received single injection of vancomycin at a dose of 400 mg/kg for constructing the duplicative state of renal failure and diabetes mellitus. They were forced to run for 1 h/day, 6 days/week, for 10 weeks. Exercise reduced visceral fat and ameliorated insulin sensitivity in the high-fructose group, improved lactic acid usage efficiency, however, increased hepatic oxidative stress and complicated renal dysfunction in the normal and high-fructose fed groups with renal failure. Additionally, exercise upregulated hepatic selenoprotein P expression and enhanced renal antioxidative system in both groups. It is concluded that strictly controlled exercise conditions must be adapted to patient health states especially in view of kidney protection, and supplemental therapy is also recommended in parallel with exercise, using nutrients and vitamins for kidney protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namika Miya
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi, Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.,Department of Health Sports and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Yuki Naito
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi, Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Keita Chikamoto
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Keiji Terao
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Health Sports and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi, Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Hamilton CC, Wiseman SB, Copeland JL, Bomhof MR. Influence of postexercise fasting on hunger and satiety in adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1022-1030. [PMID: 32272024 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Research demonstrates that exercise acutely reduces appetite by stimulating the secretion of gut-derived satiety hormones. Currently there is a paucity of research examining the impact of postexercise nutrient intake on appetite regulation. The objective of this study was to examine how postexercise fasting versus feeding impacts the postexercise appetite response. In a randomized crossover intervention, 14 participants (body mass index: 26.9 ± 3.5 kg·m-2; age: 26.8 ± 6.7 years) received 1 of 2 recovery beverages: (i) water control (FAST) or (ii) sweetened-milk (FED) after completing a 45-min (65%-70% peak oxygen uptake) evening exercise session (∼1900 h). Energy intake was assessed through a fasted ad libitum breakfast meal and 3-day food diaries. Perceived appetite was assessed using visual analogue scales. Appetite-regulating hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), and acyl-ghrelin were assessed pre-exercise, 1 h after exercise, and the morning following exercise. FAST increased subjective hunger compared with FED (P < 0.05). PYY and GLP-1 after exercise were decreased and acyl-ghrelin was increased in FAST, with these differences disappearing the day after exercise (P < 0.05). Ad libitum energy intake at breakfast the following morning did not differ between trials. Overall, in the absence of postexercise macronutrient consumption, there was a pronounced increase in objective and subjective appetite after exercise. The orexigenic effects of postexercise fasting, however, were not observed the morning following exercise. Novelty Postexercise fasting leads to reduced GLP-1 and PYY and increased hunger. Reduced GLP-1 and PYY after exercise is blunted by postexercise nutrient intake. Energy intake the day after exercise is not influenced by postexercise fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courteney C Hamilton
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Steve B Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Copeland
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Marc R Bomhof
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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Miya N, Uratani A, Chikamoto K, Naito Y, Terao K, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui H. Effects of exercise on biological trace element concentrations and selenoprotein P expression in rats with fructose-induced glucose intolerance. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:124-131. [PMID: 32231408 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of exercise intended to prevent or treat lifestyle-related diseases on the glucose tolerance, insulin level, lactic acid utilization, muscle glycogen synthesis, hepatic and renal oxidative stress, hepatic selenoprotein P and biological trace element levels in organs of obese, glucose-intolerant rats. We fed normal, healthy rats a 20% casein diet while the glucose-intolerant, obese rats received a high-fructose diet. They were forced to run for one hour per day, six days per week, for ten weeks. Exercise reduced visceral fat and ameliorated glucose tolerance in the high-fructose group, lowered blood lactic acid levels, improved lactic acid usage efficiency, and increased oxidative stress and hepatic levels of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in the normal and high-fructose groups. Additionally, exercise significantly upregulated hepatic selenoprotein P expression in both groups, however, its effect was remarkable in healthy group. On the other hand, muscle glycogen synthesis was not markedly enhanced in high-fructose-diet rats but in normal-diet rats in response to exercise. It is concluded that exercise conditions rather than exercise load must be customized and optimized for each health and disease states in advance before starting exercise training intended to prevent or treat lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namika Miya
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi, Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.,Department of Health Sports and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Asuka Uratani
- Department of Health Sports and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Keita Chikamoto
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuki Naito
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi, Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Keiji Terao
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Health Sports and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, 4-7-2 Minatojima Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi, Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Fujihira K, Hamada Y, Suzuki K, Miyashita M. The effects of pre-meal drink volume on gastric motility and energy intake in healthy men. Physiol Behav 2020; 213:112726. [PMID: 31678198 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pre-meal drink ingestion is an effective method of controlling energy intake in humans. However, no studies have addressed the influence of differences in the volume of drink intake on gastric motility and energy intake. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of differences in the volume of drink intake before a meal on subsequent gastric motility and energy intake in healthy young men. Twelve men completed two, one-day trials in a random order. Subjects visited the laboratory after a 10-h overnight fast and consumed the nutrient drink (0.84 MJ) in either 100 mL or 600 mL quantities over a 5-min period. Then, the subjects sat on a chair for over 2 h to measure their cross-sectional gastric antral areas and gastric contractions with an ultrasound imaging system. Thereafter, the subjects consumed a test meal until they felt completely full. Energy intake was calculated from the amount of food consumed. Energy intake in the 600 mL trial was 12% higher than the 100 mL trial (5.1 ± 1.3 vs. 4.6 ± 1.4 MJ, P = 0.046). The antral area (P = 0.046) and the frequency of the gastric contraction (P = 0.001) over 2 h after consuming the nutrient drink were higher in the 600 mL trial than the 100 mL trial. These findings demonstrated that consumption of a 600 mL nutrient drink increased energy intake. The modulation of gastric motility might have some effects on energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Fujihira
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yuka Hamada
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyashita
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
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Janus C, Vistisen D, Amadid H, Witte DR, Lauritzen T, Brage S, Bjerregaard AL, Hansen T, Holst JJ, Jørgensen ME, Pedersen O, Færch K, Torekov SS. Habitual physical activity is associated with lower fasting and greater glucose-induced GLP-1 response in men. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1607-1617. [PMID: 31804964 PMCID: PMC6933827 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) decreases blood glucose and appetite. Greater physical activity (PA) is associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. While acute exercise may increase glucose-induced response of GLP-1, it is unknown how habitual PA affects GLP-1 secretion. We hypothesised that habitual PA associates with greater glucose-induced GLP-1 responses in overweight individuals. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of habitual PA levels and GLP-1 concentrations in 1326 individuals (mean (s.d.) age 66 (7) years, BMI 27.1 (4.5) kg/m2) from the ADDITION-PRO cohort. Fasting and oral glucose-stimulated GLP-1 responses were measured using validated radioimmunoassay. PA was measured using 7-day combined accelerometry and heart rate monitoring. From this, energy expenditure (PAEE; kJ/kg/day) and fractions of time spent in activity intensities (h/day) were calculated. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; mL O2/kg/min) was calculated using step tests. Age-, BMI- and insulin sensitivity-adjusted associations between PA and GLP-1, stratified by sex, were evaluated by linear regression analysis. RESULTS In 703 men, fasting GLP-1 concentrations were 20% lower (95% CI: -33; -3%, P = 0.02) for every hour of moderate-intensity PA performed. Higher CRF and PAEE were associated with 1-2% lower fasting GLP-1 (P = 0.01). For every hour of moderate-intensity PA, the glucose-stimulated GLP-1 response was 16% greater at peak 30 min (1; 33%, P rAUC0-30 = 0.04) and 20% greater at full response (3; 40%, P rAUC0-120 = 0.02). No associations were found in women who performed PA 22 min/day vs 32 min/day for men. CONCLUSION Moderate-intensity PA is associated with lower fasting and greater glucose-induced GLP-1 responses in overweight men, possibly contributing to improved glucose and appetite regulation with increased habitual PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Janus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Hanan Amadid
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torsten Lauritzen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne-Louise Bjerregaard
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Signe S Torekov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence should be addressed to S S Torekov:
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Miguet M, Fearnbach NS, Metz L, Khammassi M, Julian V, Cardenoux C, Pereira B, Boirie Y, Duclos M, Thivel D. Effect of HIIT versus MICT on body composition and energy intake in dietary restrained and unrestrained adolescents with obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:437-445. [PMID: 31505120 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been suggested as an effective alternative to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) that can yield improvements in a variety of health outcomes. Yet, despite the urgent need to find effective strategies for the treatment of pediatric obesity, only a few studies have addressed the impact of HIIT on eating behaviors and body composition in this population. This study aimed to compare the effect of HIIT versus MICT on eating behaviors in adolescents with obesity and to assess if the participants' baseline dietary status is associated with the success of the intervention. Forty-three adolescents with obesity were randomly assigned to a 16-week MICT or HIIT intervention. Body composition and 24-h ad libitum energy intake were assessed at baseline and at the end of the program. Restrained eating, emotional eating, and external eating were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire at baseline. Both interventions led to significant weight, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass percentage (FM%) reductions, with better improvements in FM% in the HIIT group; whereas 24-h ad libitum energy intake increased to a similar extent in both groups. HIIT provides better body composition improvements over MICT, despite a similar increase in energy intake. Restrained eaters experienced less weight loss and smaller BMI reduction compared with unrestrained eaters; higher baseline cognitively restrained adolescents showed a greater increase of their ad libitum energy intake. Novelty HIIT favors better body composition improvements compared with MICT. Both MICT and HIIT increased ad libitum energy intake in adolescents with obesity. Weight loss achievement is better among unrestrained eaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Miguet
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, 63171 Aubière, France
| | - Nicole S Fearnbach
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Lore Metz
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, 63171 Aubière, France
| | - Marwa Khammassi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, 63171 Aubière, France
| | - Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functionnal Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Charlotte Cardenoux
- Childhood Obesity Department, Romagnat Pediatric Medical Center, 63540 Romagnat, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU), Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Martine Duclos
- Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU), Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, 63171 Aubière, France
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Neural effects of hand-grip-activity induced fatigue sensation on appetite: a magnetoencephalography study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11044. [PMID: 31363158 PMCID: PMC6667433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that physical activity not only increases energy expenditure, but also affects appetite. However, little remains known about the effects of physical activity-induced fatigue sensation on appetite. In the present study, classical conditioning related to fatigue sensation was used to dissociate fatigue sensation from physical activity. The participants were 20 healthy male volunteers. After overnight fasting, on day 1, the participants performed hand-grip task trials for 10 min with listening to a sound. The next day, they viewed food images with (target task) and without (control task) listening to the sound identical to that used on day 1, and their neural activity during the tasks were recorded using magnetoencephalography. The subjective levels of appetite and fatigue sensation were assessed using a visual analog scale. The subjective level of fatigue increased and that of appetite for fatty foods showed a tendency toward increase in the target task while the subjective level of fatigue and that of appetite for fatty foods were not altered in the control task. In the target task, the decrease of theta (4-8 Hz) band power in the supplementary motor area (SMA), which was observed in the control task, was suppressed, and the suppression was positively correlated with appetite for fatty foods, suggesting hand grip activity-induced fatigue sensation may increase the appetite for fatty food; this increase could be related to neural activity in the SMA. These findings are expected to contribute to the understanding of the neural mechanisms of appetite in relation to fatigue.
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Afrasyabi S, Marandi SM, Kargarfard M. The effects of high intensity interval training on appetite management in individuals with type 2 diabetes: influenced by participants weight. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:107-117. [PMID: 31275881 PMCID: PMC6582123 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose The connection between exercise and appetite has ramifications for acute energy balance and weight-management. Research would suggest that exercise training can transiently suppress appetite, particularly in overweight and T2D, healthy-weight individuals. However, the effect of such a transient appetite suppression on subsequent food intake may be restricted. The aim of this thesis was to investigate appetite responses to HIIT in obesity with T2D and to assess the effect of other exercise characteristics, as well as exercise intensity, in mediating these responses especially appetite hormones. Materials and methods Eighty individuals with type 2 diabetes (forty normal and forty obesity weight) performed HIIT trials, all in arandomly divided, in 8 groups (10 in each group) which included, obesity non-diabetic control, obesity diabetic control, normal weight diabetic control, obesity non-diabetic training, obesity diabetic training, normal weight, non-diabetic training, and normal weight diabetic training. Twelve-weeks HIIT sessions (each session of an interval training includes 60 s of high intensity training (85-95% of reserve heart rate)) + running for 60 s at low intensity (55-60% of reserve heart rate) were applied. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and after the fourth, eighth and twelfth week of the training. Data were analyzed using repeated variance analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results The results showed that training reduced ghrelin plasma levels in obese diabetic subjects (P < 0.05). Training has reduced PYY plasma in healthy subjects (non-diabetic) with normal weight (P < 0.05). Training reduced plasma levels of PYY in diabetic patients with normal weight and increased it in obese diabetic and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Training has increased GLP-1 plasma in obese diabetic and diabetic with normal weight groups (P < 0.05). Training reduced TNF-α in normal (non-diabetic) subjects with normal weight and diabetic and non-diabetic obese subjects. Conclusion Collectively, the studies reported here suggest that appetite hormones differ between lean and obesity participants. The finding also suggested HIIT is more likely to elicit appetite hormones responses in obesity than in lean individuals with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, with caution, it is recommended that the high intensity interval training can be beneficial for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Afrasyabi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Street, P.O. Box 81746-7344, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Syed Mohamad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Street, P.O. Box 81746-7344, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kargarfard
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Street, P.O. Box 81746-7344, Isfahan, Iran
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Ouerghi N, Brini S, Zaouali M, Feki M, Tabka Z, Bouassida A. Ghrelin is not altered after acute exercises at different intensities in overweight middle-aged individuals. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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40
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Association of Exercise with Control of Eating and Energy Intake. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Mandic I, Ahmed M, Rhind S, Goodman L, L’Abbe M, Jacobs I. The effects of exercise and ambient temperature on dietary intake, appetite sensation, and appetite regulating hormone concentrations. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:29. [PMID: 31080490 PMCID: PMC6501331 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not clear whether the frequently reported phenomenon of exercise-induced anorexia is exacerbated or blunted in warm or cold environments. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of exercise in three different environmental temperatures vs. rest, on perceptions of appetite, appetite regulating hormones, and food intake. METHODS In a randomized repeated-measures design, 18 Canadian Armed Forces members (14 male, 4 female) completed four 8-h trials in a thermally-controlled chamber: one 8-h resting trial at 21 °C (Sedentary); and three trials where participants completed two 2-h circuits of standardized military tasks interspersed with two 2-h rest periods, once at 30 °C (Hot), once at 21 °C (Temperate), and once at - 10 °C (Cold). Participants consumed military field rations ad libitum and had their appetite assessed with visual analogue scales. Plasma concentrations of GLP-1, PYY, acylated ghrelin, and leptin were also determined. RESULTS Appetite was perceived as being suppressed in the heat compared to the cold (p < 0.05). While neither exercise nor environmental temperature altered circulating GLP-1 levels, exercise in all environments increased blood concentrations of PYY (p < 0.05). Leptin concentrations were elevated in the heat and diminished in the cold (p < 0.05), and acylated ghrelin concentrations were affected by both exercise and ambient temperature resulting in Sedentary = Cold>Temperate = Hot (p < 0.05). Contrary to the changes in appetite perceptions and hormonal concentrations, dietary intake was not different between conditions (p > 0.05). Relative energy intake (total 24 h energy intake minus 24 h energy expenditure) on the other hand, was significantly higher during the Sedentary condition than it was during any of the active conditions (p < 0.05). Most (83%) of the participants were in a positive energy balance during the Sedentary condition, whereas during most (80%) of the active conditions (Hot, Temperate, Cold) participants were in a negative energy balance. CONCLUSIONS In this study where food was freely available, variations in ambient temperature, exercise vs. rest, appetite-regulating hormone concentrations, and subjective appetite sensation were not associated with any changes in dietary intake within 24-h of acute, prolonged exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Mandic
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6 Canada
| | - Mavra Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
| | - Shawn Rhind
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6 Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON M3K 2C9 Canada
| | - Len Goodman
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6 Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON M3K 2C9 Canada
| | - Mary L’Abbe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
| | - Ira Jacobs
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6 Canada
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Nagayama C, Muto K, Iwami M, Ishihara M, Tobina T. Summer training camp decrease food intake in adolescent rugby football players. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu W, Liu J, Huang Z, Cui Z, Li L, Liu W, Qi Z. Possible role of GLP-1 in antidepressant effects of metformin and exercise in CUMS mice. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:486-497. [PMID: 30599373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both depression itself and antidepressant medication have been reported to be significantly related to the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a treatment target for T2DM, has a neuroprotective effect. As an enhancer and sensitiser of GLP-1, metformin has been reported to be safe for the neurodevelopment. The present study aimed to determine whether and how GLP-1 mediates antidepressant effects of metformin and exercise in mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 8 weeks. From the 4th week, CUMS mice were subjected to oral metformin treatment and/or treadmill running. A videocomputerized tracking system was used to record behaviors of mice for a 5-min session. ELISA, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to examine serum protein concentrations, protein levels in whole hippocampus, protein distribution and expression in dorsal and ventral hippocampus, respectively. RESULTS Our results supported the validity of metformin as a useful antidepressant; moreover, treadmill running favored metformin effects on exploratory behaviors and serum corticosterone levels. CUMS reduced GLP-1 protein levels and phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), but increased protein levels of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X-protein (BAX) in mice hippocampus. All these changes were restored by both single and combined treatment with metformin and exercise. LIMITATIONS We did not establish a causal relationship between GLP-1 expression and related signaling, using GLP-1 agonist and antagonist or knockout techniques. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have demonstrated that protein levels of pERK and BAX may be relevant to the role of GLP-1 in antidepressant effects of metformin and exercise, which may provide a novel topic for future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Jiatong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhuochun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengtang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Thivel D, Finlayson G, Blundell JE. Homeostatic and neurocognitive control of energy intake in response to exercise in pediatric obesity: a psychobiological framework. Obes Rev 2019; 20:316-324. [PMID: 30358051 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While energy intake and energy expenditure have long been studied independently, the alarming progression of obesity has led to a more integrative approach to energy balance considering their potential interactions. Although the available literature concerned with the effect of chronic and acute exercise on energy intake and appetite control in adults is considerable, these questions remain less explored among children and adolescents. Based on the search of four databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library; articles published until May 2018), the objective of this review is to summarize and discuss the effect of acute and chronic physical exercise on energy intake and appetite control in children and adolescents with obesity, and to identify the physiological and neurocognitive signals and pathways involved. Evidence suggested that acute intensive exercise has the potential to reduce subsequent energy intake in children and adolescents with obesity but not healthy weight, through both peripheral (mainly gastro-peptides) and neurocognitive (neural responses to food cues) pathways. The nutritional responses to chronic physical activity remain less clear and require further consideration, especially from an anti-obesity perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thivel
- EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Finlayson
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J E Blundell
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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45
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Smitka K, Nedvidkova J, Vondra K, Hill M, Papezova H, Hainer V. Acipimox Administration With Exercise Induces a Co-feedback Action of the GH, PP, and PYY on Ghrelin Associated With a Reduction of Peripheral Lipolysis in Bulimic and Healthy-Weight Czech Women: A Randomized Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:108. [PMID: 30915029 PMCID: PMC6422902 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Anti-lipolytic drugs and exercise are enhancers of growth hormone (GH) secretion. Decreased circulating free fatty acids (FFA) have been proposed to exert ghrelin-GH feedback loop after administration of an anti-lipolytic longer-acting analog of nicotinic acid, Acipimox (OLB, 5-Methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid 4-oxide, molecular weight of 154.1 Da). OLB administration strongly suppresses plasma FFA during exercise. Neuroendocrine perturbations of the adipose tissue (AT), gut, and brain peptides may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders including bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa. BN is characterized by binge eating, self-induced vomiting or excessive exercise. Approach: To test the hypothesis that treatment with OLB together with exercise vs. exercise alone would induce feedback action of GH, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), and leptin on ghrelin in Czech women with BN and in healthy-weight Czech women (HW). The lipolysis rate (as glycerol release) in subcutaneous abdominal AT was assessed with microdialysis. At an academic medical center, 12 BN and 12 HW (the control group) were randomized to OLB 500 mg 1 h before a single exercise bout (45 min, 2 W/kg of lean body mass [LBM]) once a week vs. identical placebo over a total of 2 weeks. Blood plasma concentrations of GH, PP, PYY, leptin, ghrelin, FFA, glycerol, and concentrations of AT interstitial glycerol were estimated during the test by RIA utilizing 125I-labeled tracer, the electrochemiluminescence technique (ECLIA) or colorimetric kits. Results: OLB administration together with short-term exercise significantly increased plasma GH (P < 0.0001), PP (P < 0.0001), PYY, and leptin concentrations and significantly decreased plasma ghrelin (P < 0.01) concentrations in both groups, whereas short-term exercise with placebo resulted in plasma ghrelin (P < 0.05) decrease exclusively in BN. OLB administration together with short-term exercise significantly lowered local subcutaneous abdominal AT interstitial glycerol (P < 0.0001) to a greater extent in BN. Conclusion: OLB-induced suppression of plasma ghrelin concentrations together with short-term exercise and after the post-exercise recovering phase suggests a potential negative co-feedback of GH, PP, PYY, and leptin on ghrelin secretion to a greater extent in BN. Simultaneously, the exercise-induced elevation in AT interstitial glycerol leading to a higher inhibition of peripheral lipolysis by OLB in BN. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03338387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kvido Smitka
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Kvido Smitka ;
| | - Jara Nedvidkova
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karel Vondra
- Clinical Department, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Hill
- Steroid Hormone and Proteofactors Department, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Papezova
- First Faculty of Medicine, Eating Disorder Center, Psychiatric Clinic, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Hainer
- Obesity Management Center, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
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Exercise and the Timing of Snack Choice: Healthy Snack Choice is Reduced in the Post-Exercise State. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121941. [PMID: 30544508 PMCID: PMC6315457 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exercise can induce either a compensatory increase in food intake or a reduction in food intake, which results from appetite suppression in the post-exercise state. The timing of food choice—choosing for immediate or later consumption—has been found to influence the healthfulness of foods consumed. To examine both of these effects, we tested in our study whether the timing of food choice interacts with exposure to exercise to impact food choices such that choices would differ when made prior to or following an exercise bout. Visitors to a university recreational center were equipped with an accelerometer prior to their habitual workout regime, masking the true study purpose. As a reward, participants were presented with a snack for consumption after workout completion. Participants made their snack choice from either an apple or chocolate brownie after being pseudo-randomly assigned to choose prior to (“before”) or following workout completion (“after”). Complete data were available for 256 participants (54.7% male, 22.1 ± 3.1 years, 24.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2) who exercised 65.3 ± 22.5 min/session. When compared with “before,” the choice of an apple decreased (73.7% vs. 54.6%) and the choices of brownie (13.9% vs. 20.2%) or no snack (12.4% vs. 25.2%) increased in the “after” condition (χ2 = 26.578, p < 0.001). Our results provide support for both compensatory eating and exercise-induced anorexia. More importantly, our findings suggest that the choice of food for post-exercise consumption can be altered through a simple behavioral intervention.
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Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake, and Appetite-Related Hormones: The Modulating Effect of Adiposity, Sex, and Habitual Physical Activity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091140. [PMID: 30131457 PMCID: PMC6164815 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise facilitates weight control, partly through effects on appetite regulation. Single bouts of exercise induce a short-term energy deficit without stimulating compensatory effects on appetite, whilst limited evidence suggests that exercise training may modify subjective and homeostatic mediators of appetite in directions associated with enhanced meal-induced satiety. However, a large variability in responses exists between individuals. This article reviews the evidence relating to how adiposity, sex, and habitual physical activity modulate exercise-induced appetite, energy intake, and appetite-related hormone responses. The balance of evidence suggests that adiposity and sex do not modify appetite or energy intake responses to acute or chronic exercise interventions, but individuals with higher habitual physical activity levels may better adjust energy intake in response to energy balance perturbations. The effect of these individual characteristics and behaviours on appetite-related hormone responses to exercise remains equivocal. These findings support the continued promotion of exercise as a strategy for inducing short-term energy deficits irrespective of adiposity and sex, as well as the ability of exercise to positively influence energy balance over the longer term. Future well-controlled studies are required to further ascertain the potential mediators of appetite responses to exercise.
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48
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Hamasaki H. Exercise and glucagon-like peptide-1: Does exercise potentiate the effect of treatment? World J Diabetes 2018; 9:138-140. [PMID: 30147850 PMCID: PMC6107470 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i8.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have become a cornerstone for the treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), exhibiting favorable effects on the cardiovascular outcome. In T2D, impaired GLP-1 secretion/function is observed, and gut microbiota dysbiosis is related to the GLP-1 resistance. Prior research has revealed that exercise increases GLP-1 levels in healthy and obese individuals; however, the efficacy of exercise on GLP-1 levels in patients with T2D remains unclear. Exercise may improve GLP-1 resistance rather than GLP-1 secretion in patients with T2D. Exercise increases the gut microbiota diversity, which could contribute to improving the GLP-1 resistance of T2D. Furthermore, the gut microbiota may play a role in the correlation between exercise and GLP-1. The combination of exercise and GLP-1-based therapy may have a synergistic effect on the treatment of T2D. Although the underlying mechanism remains unknown, exercise potentiates the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Hamasaki
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Hamasaki Clinic, Kagoshima 890-0046, Japan
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Matos VAF, Souza DC, Santos VOA, Medeiros ÍF, Browne RAV, Nascimento PRP, Marinho CSR, Serquiz AC, Costa EC, Fayh APT. Acute Effects of High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on GLP-1, Appetite and Energy Intake in Obese Men: A Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070889. [PMID: 30002304 PMCID: PMC6073197 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of high-intensity interval (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), appetite and energy intake (EI) in obese men. In a randomized crossover trial, 12 participants (28.4 ± 2.6 years, 35.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2, 39.8 ± 2.2% body fat) performed: (I) Control (CON, no exercise); (II) MICE (20 min, 70% of maximal heart rate) and (III) HIIE (10 × 1 min at 90% of maximal heart rate with 1 min recovery). GLP-1 and appetite were assessed at: (I) PRE: pre-exercise; (II) POST: immediately post-exercise; (III) POST-1 h: 1 h post-exercise. EI was assessed after an ad libitum meal offered 1 h post-exercise and over 24 h. There was a significant time × condition interaction for GLP-1 (p = 0.035). Higher GLP-1 levels in MICE vs. CON (p = 0.024) and a trend for HIIE vs. CON (p = 0.069) POST-1h was found. Hunger was reduced immediately post-HIIE compared to CON (p < 0.01), but was not sustained POST-1 h (p > 0.05). EI did not differ between the sessions 1 h post-exercise or over 24H (p > 0.05). In summary, although MICE increased GLP-1 levels POST-1h and HIIE induced a transient reduction in hunger, both exercise protocols did not impact EI in obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A F Matos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Daniel C Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Victor O A Santos
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Ítalo F Medeiros
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo A V Browne
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Paulo R P Nascimento
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane S R Marinho
- Health Science College of Trairi, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz 9200-000, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre C Serquiz
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo C Costa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
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Mattin LR, Yau AMW, McIver V, James LJ, Evans GH. The Effect of Exercise Intensity on Gastric Emptying Rate, Appetite and Gut Derived Hormone Responses after Consuming a Standardised Semi-Solid Meal in Healthy Males. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060787. [PMID: 29921786 PMCID: PMC6024701 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the acute circulating gut hormone, appetite and gastric emptying rate responses to a semi-solid meal following exercise at different intensities. Twelve men completed three trials in a randomised-crossover design, consisting of continuous cycling at 70% V˙O2Peak (HIGH), 40% V˙O2Peak (LOW) or rest (CONTROL). Baseline samples were collected after an overnight fast before undertaking the 60 min exercise or rest period, followed by 30 min rest before consumption of a standardised semi-solid meal (~242 kcal). During the 2 h postprandial period, gastric emptying rate of the meal was examined using the 13C-breath test method, appetite was measured using visual analogue scales, and serum concentrations of acylated ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids were assessed. Subjective appetite response was not different between trials (p > 0.05). Half emptying time of the meal was 89 ± 13, 82 ± 8 and 94 ± 31 min on CONTROL, LOW and HIGH, respectively (p = 0.247). In healthy un-trained adult males, responses to exercise at intensities of 70% and 40% V˙O2Peak did not differ to a non-exercise control for measurements of subsequent gastric emptying, circulating gut hormone response or appetite. These results suggest that exercise intensity has little effect on post-exercise appetite response to a semi-solid meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis R Mattin
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Adora M W Yau
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Victoria McIver
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - Lewis J James
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Gethin H Evans
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
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