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Zeng MT, Huang LY, Zheng XH, Fu YQ, Weng CF. Ethanolic Extracts of Cupressaceae Species Conifers Provide Rapid Protection against Barium Chloride-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1003. [PMID: 39204108 PMCID: PMC11356987 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is responsible for a high percentage of cardiovascular fatalities, with ventricular arrhythmias being the most common cause. Despite numerous clinically available antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs), AADs retain some undesirable arrhythmic effects, and their inappropriate use can lead to severe adverse reactions. The exploration of new therapeutic options against arrhythmias with fewer unreceptive effects is of utmost importance. The ethanolic extracts of seven Cupressaceae species, namely, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Juniperus chinensis (L.) Ant., Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant. cv. Kaizuca, Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, Juniperus sabina L., Fokienia hodginsii, and Juniperus chinensis 'Pyramidalis' were investigated for their pharmacological effects on barium chloride (BaCl2)-induced arrhythmia using normal II lead electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements in a mouse model. According to the ECG profiles, pretreatment with C. obtusa, P. orientalis, and J. sabina extracts provoked dose-dependent protection against BaCl2-induced arrhythmia, while pretreatment with the other four species and amiodarone did not exert cardioprotective effects. The treatment effects were confirmed using a rat model. The therapeutic effects of C. obtusa, P. orientalis, and J. sabina extracts on the M2 and M3 receptors but not the M1 receptor were mediated by the inhibition of the M2 receptor blocker (methoctramine tetrahydrochloride), M3 antagonist (4-DAMP), or M1 receptor blocker (pirenzepine dihydrochloride). This first-line evidence illustrates that certain Cupressaceae species possess active antiarrhythmic components. The first line of key findings revealed that active components of certain Cupressaceae species have cardioprotective effects, suggesting that these innovative phytochemicals have promising potential for preventing the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia and reducing sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Zeng
- Functional Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (M.-T.Z.); (L.-Y.H.); (X.-H.Z.); (Y.-Q.F.)
| | - Li-Yue Huang
- Functional Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (M.-T.Z.); (L.-Y.H.); (X.-H.Z.); (Y.-Q.F.)
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- Functional Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (M.-T.Z.); (L.-Y.H.); (X.-H.Z.); (Y.-Q.F.)
| | - Yan-Qi Fu
- Functional Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (M.-T.Z.); (L.-Y.H.); (X.-H.Z.); (Y.-Q.F.)
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Functional Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (M.-T.Z.); (L.-Y.H.); (X.-H.Z.); (Y.-Q.F.)
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
- LEADTEK Research, Inc., New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
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Fallah Huseini H, Yaghoobi M, Fallahi F, Boroumand F, Ezzati MH, Tabatabaei SM, Sotvan H, Ahvazi M, Badiee Aval S, Ziaee M. Topical Administration of Teucrium polium on Diabetic Foot Ulcers Accelerates Healing: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Study. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2024; 23:238-246. [PMID: 34719966 DOI: 10.1177/15347346211048371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the most devastating complications of uncontrolled diabetes. Although there have been advances in the management of diabetic foot ulcers, still diabetic foot ulcers are a major cause of many amputations in diabetic patients. Teucrium polium (T. polium) is widely used by folk medicine practitioners in Iran for the treatment of diabetic ulcers.The present study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical T. polium ointment besides the standard treatment in diabetic foot ulcers.A total of 70 diabetic patients with foot ulcers grade 1 or 2 according to Wagner's scale were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in both groups received standard treatment for diabetic foot ulcers. In addition, group 1 received topical T. polium ointment, and group 2 received topical placebo ointment for 4 weeks. The T. polium and placebo ointments were rubbed twice daily two hours before the conventional dressing. The ulcer size, healing time, and laboratory tests were measured in both groups at baseline and end of the study after 4 weeks.Twenty-nine patients remained in the T. polium group and 26 in the placebo group until the end of the study. The mean surface area of ulcers was 3.52 ± 1.47 and 3.21 ± 1.67 cm2 in T. polium group and placebo group respectively at baseline which decrease to .717 ± .19 and 1.63 ± .72 cm2 respectively at the endpoint. The mean ulcer surface area was significantly lower in T. polium compared with the placebo group (p < .0001) at end of the study. Also, the number of patients that completely recovered in the T. polium group was significantly higher than the placebo group (p < .001) at the end of the study.The addition of topical T. polium ointment to standard treatment significantly improves the healing time of diabetic non-infected foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Fallah Huseini
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants , ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Yaghoobi
- Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farhad Fallahi
- Diabetic Clinic, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Boroumand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Informatics Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Homa Sotvan
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Ahvazi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants , ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shapour Badiee Aval
- Department of Complementary and Chinese Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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Jafari S, Shiekh KA, Mishra DK, Kijpatanasilp I, Assatarakul K. Combined Effects of Clarifying Agents Improve Physicochemical, Microbial and Sensorial Qualities of Fresh Indian Gooseberry ( Phyllanthus emblica L.) Juice during Refrigerated Storage. Foods 2024; 13:290. [PMID: 38254591 PMCID: PMC10815077 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Using clarifying agents is essential in the production of fruit juice. This study utilized gelatin and bentonite as clarifying agents to improve the quality and shelf-life of Indian gooseberry juice (IGBJ). Different treatments were prepared using varying levels of gelatin and bentonite alone or in combination (1.5-2 mg/mL and 1-2 mg/mL, respectively). The untreated IGBJ was used as a control. The results showed the combined treatment of 1.5 mg/mL gelatin and 1 mg/mL bentonite significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the transmittance, △E value, total acidity, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity of the IGBJ sample. During storage for 49 days at 4 °C, the quality changes in the IGBJ were minimal with the use of 1.5 mg/mL gelatin and 1 mg/mL bentonite compared to the control (p > 0.05). The treated samples showed no signs of spoilage bacteria, yeast, or mold during cold storage. The combined use of gelatin and bentonite (1.5 mg/mL gelatin and 1 mg/mL bentonite) was found to effectively preserve the sensory quality, bioactivity, and color properties of IGBJ, thereby extending its shelf-life. Thus, gelatin and bentonite can be used as preferred filtering aids for quality and shelf-life extension in the food industry, as they have synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Jafari
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Khursheed Ahmad Shiekh
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.A.S.); (I.K.)
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Dharmendra K. Mishra
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Isaya Kijpatanasilp
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Kitipong Assatarakul
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.J.); (K.A.S.); (I.K.)
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Sebek M, Menichetti G. Network Science and Machine Learning for Precision Nutrition. PRECISION NUTRITION 2024:367-402. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-15315-0.00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
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Brown PDS, Ketter N, Vis-Dunbar M, Sakakibara BM. Clinical effects of Emblica officinalis fruit consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:190. [PMID: 37296402 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emblica officinalis (EO) fruit consumption has been found to have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) physiological risk factors in preliminary clinical intervention trials; however, questions remain regarding the overall effectiveness of EO on CVD risk. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to: 1) systematically describe the clinical research examining EO; and 2) quantitatively assess the effects of EO on CVD physiological risk factors. METHODS The Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar electronic platforms were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until April 7, 2021. Studies were included if they involved adults (age ≥ 18 years) ingesting a form of EO fruit; included blood lipids, blood pressure, and/or inflammatory biomarkers as outcomes; had clearly defined intervention and control treatments with pre- and post-intervention data; were peer-reviewed; and were written in English. Studies were excluded if they compared EO with another risk reduction intervention without a usual care control group. RCTs were assessed for methodological quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias version 2 (ROB2) tool, qualitatively described, and quantitatively evaluated using random and fixed effect meta-analysis models. RESULTS A total of nine RCTs (n = 535 participants) were included for review. Included studies followed parallel-group (n = 6) and crossover (n = 3) designs, with EO dosage ranging from 500 mg/day to 1500 mg/day, and treatment duration ranging from 14 to 84 days. Meta-analyses revealed EO to have a significant composite effect at lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; Mean difference (MD) = -15.08 mg/dL [95% Confidence interval (CI) = -25.43 to -4.73], I2 = 77%, prediction interval = -48.29 to 18.13), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C; MD = -5.43 mg/dL [95% CI = -8.37 to -2.49], I2 = 44%), triglycerides (TG; MD = -22.35 mg/dL [95% CI = -39.71 to -4.99], I2 = 62%, prediction interval = -73.47 to 28.77), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; MD = -1.70 mg/L [95% CI = -2.06 to -1.33], I2 = 0%) compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Due to statistical and clinical heterogeneity in the limited number of clinical trials to date, the promising effects of EO on physiologic CVD risk factors in this review should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed to determine if EO offers an efficacious option for primary or secondary prevention of CVD as either monotherapy or adjunct to evidence-based dietary patterns and/or standard pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D S Brown
- Southern Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Nicole Ketter
- Department of Biology, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, ASC 413, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mathew Vis-Dunbar
- Southern Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Brodie M Sakakibara
- Southern Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, 1088 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, T325 - 2211 , Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
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Li X, Ouyang W, Jiang Y, Lin Q, Peng X, Hu H, Ye Z, Liu G, Cao Y, Yu Y. Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Colitis-Ameliorating Effect of Aqueous Phyllanthus emblica L. Extract through Regulating Colonic Cell Gene Expression and Gut Microbiomes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6999-7008. [PMID: 37102314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammation effect of aqueous Phyllanthus emblica L. extract (APE) and its possible underlying mechanism in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice chronic colonic inflammation were studied. APE treatment significantly improved the colitic symptoms, including ameliorating the shortening of the colon, increasing the DSS-induced body weight loss, reducing the disease activity index, and reversing the condition of colon tissue damage of mucus lost and goblet cell reduction. Overproduction of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines were suppressed by the treatment of APE. Gut microbiome analysis showed that APE remodeled the structure of gut bacteria in phylum and genus levels, upregulating the abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, family Muribaculaceae, and genus Bacteroides and downregulating the abundance of phylum Firmicutes. The reshaped gut microbiome caused metabolic functions and pathway change with enhanced queuosine biosynthesis and reduced polyamine synthesis pathway. Colon tissue transcriptome analysis further elucidated APE-inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways and the expressions of the genes that promote the progress of colorectal cancer. It turned out that APE reshaped the gut microbiome and inhibited MAPK, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and TNF signaling pathways as well as the colorectal-cancer-related genes to exert its colitis protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China
- Liuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuyang, Hunan 410300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianru Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuming Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yigang Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
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Giri S, Sahoo J, Roy A, Kamalanathan S, Naik D. Treatment on Nature's lap: Use of herbal products in the management of hyperglycemia. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:412-423. [PMID: 37122430 PMCID: PMC10130899 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by persistently elevated blood glucose concentration that lead to multisystem complications. There are about 400 medicinal plants cited to have a beneficial effect on DM. We must choose products wisely based on data derived from scientific studies. However, a major obstacle in the amalgamation of herbal medicine in modern medical practices is the lack of clinical data on its safety, efficacy and drug interaction. Trials of these herbal products often underreport the side effects and other crucial intervention steps deviating from the standards set by Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials. Due to a lack of knowledge of the active compounds present in most herbal medicines, product standardization is difficult. Cost-effectiveness is another issue that needs to be kept in mind. In this mini-review, we focus on the anti-hyperglycemic effect of herbal products that are commonly used, along with the concerns stated above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdatta Giri
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sahoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Ayan Roy
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani 741245, West Bengal, India
| | - Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Dukhabandhu Naik
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
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An Overview of Cardiotonic Medicinal Plants from the Perspective of Iranian Traditional Medicine. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-129338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Cardiovascular disorders are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, especially in people with diabetes. Due to synthetic drugs’ adverse effects, new medicines are needed. Evidence Acquisition: Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) is one of the oldest medical systems. In this article, we first introduce a list of cardiotonic medicinal plants based on ITM. Then we review the cardio-related effects of these plants based on electronic databases. Results: Among the introduced medicinal plants from ITM, Phyllanthus emblica L., Rosa canina L., Ocimum basilicum L., and Melissa officinalis L. have cardiotonic effects. Also, P. emblica, O. basilicum, M. officinalis, Citrus medica L., Malus domestica Borkh., Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, and R. canina have cardioprotective effects and possess several biological activities that reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusions: The cardiotonic medicinal plants based on ITM have excellent value; several pharmacological studies have proved some of their cardioprotective and cardiotonic effects. The other plants’ potential for improving the heart’s contractile power as a cardiotonic drug must be evaluated in further pharmacological and clinical studies.
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Alanazi HH, Elfaki E. The immunomodulatory role of withania somnifera (L.) dunal in inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1084757. [PMID: 36909188 PMCID: PMC9992553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1084757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) (also known as Ashwagandha) is a botanical drug that has been used for centuries to treat many chronic diseases like high blood pressure, arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. As many botanical drugs, w. Somnifera possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarinogenic, anti-diabetic, and anti-asthmatic properties. W. somnifera is often compared to the ginseng plant due to its ability to reduce stress, improve cognitive functions (e.g., memory), and promote a healthy immune system. It promotes immunomodulatory effects whose function is to balance the humoral and cellular responses of the adaptive immune system. The therapeutic effect of w. Somnifera is attributed to active ingredients like alkaloids, steroidal lactones (such as withanolides, withaferins), and steroidal saponins. Although w. Somnifera is safe and highly recommended for treating various diseases, the current knowledge and understanding of its operational mechanisms are limited. One of the proposed mechanisms states that w. Somnifera promotes cellular-mediated immunity or initiates chemical interactions that contribute to therapeutic effects. Withania somnifera has been shown to play a significant role in immunological diseases by modulating several cytokines, increasing T-cell proliferation and enhancing macrophages functions. In this review, we will discuss the latest therapeutic effects of w. Somnifera on a number of diseases through modulating immunological markers and which specific components of w. Somnifera induce these therapeutic activities. We will also focus on the chemical properties in w. Somnifera components and their immunomodulatory role in type 2 allergic diseases where type 2 inflammation is highly imbalanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad H Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elyasa Elfaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
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Iqbal AZ, Javaid N, Hameeda M. Synergic interactions between berry polyphenols and gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-220071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Now a days, scientific community has been taking initiatives to decrease burden of metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and many others. Many nutraceuticals and functional food have a crucial function in preventing and decreasing burden of chronic diseases. Main purpose of the study was to relate association between mechanism of gut microbiota effecting cardiovascular diseases, moreover, to find out advantageous effects of berry polyphenols on gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases. To summarize, we explore literature for beneficial effects of berry polyphenols by using multiple search engines including Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed. Original research article, review articles, experimental trials (human and animal studies) and abstract were also included in the current study based on relevancy to the characteristics of berries and their potential benefit on human health. This detailed review revealed that all classes of berries and their metabolites possess a definite impact on human health by preventing onset of chronic diseases by its anti-inflammatory property, thus, consider as one of the beneficial natural compounds that can be consumed on daily basis to prevent various disorders. There is also a positive association between berry polyphenols and modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolites, furthermore, showed a relationship between gut microbiome and incidence of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zafar Iqbal
- College of Allied Health Sciences, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore
| | - Nida Javaid
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore
| | - Maryam Hameeda
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
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Li X, Lin Y, Jiang Y, Wu B, Yu Y. Aqueous Extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. Alleviates Functional Dyspepsia through Regulating Gastrointestinal Hormones and Gut Microbiome In Vivo. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101491. [PMID: 35627061 PMCID: PMC9141879 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. fruits were extracted by a hot water assistant with ultrasonication to obtain aqueous Phyllanthus emblica L. extract (APE). The ameliorating functional dyspepsia (FD) effect of a low dose (150 mg/kg) and a high dose (300 mg/kg) of APE was exhibited by determining the gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal hormones, and gut microbiome shifts in reserpine induced FD male balb/c mice. APE increased the gastrointestinal motility including the gastric emptying (GE) rate and small intestinal transit (SIT) rate. The level of serum gastrointestinal hormones such as motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS) increased, and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) level decreased after the administration of APE. Furthermore, the gut microbiome analysis demonstrated that APE could regulate the microbiome structure and restore homeostasis by elevating useful bacterial abundance, while simultaneously decreasing harmful bacterial abundance. This study demonstrated the ameliorating FD effect of APE and its potential efficacy in curing functional gastrointestinal disorders and maintaining a healthy digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yilin Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yiqi Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Binbin Wu
- Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Yigang Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Sulaiman MK, Lakshmanan J. Systemic and Anticancer Potential of Adaptogenic Constituents Isolated from Traditional Herbs - A Mini-Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2811-2821. [PMID: 35400325 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220408091610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adaptogens were initially recognized as stress-resistance inducing compounds. Recent studies reveal that adaptogens are pleiotropically-acting chemical constituents that can be isolated from traditional herbs. They are gaining increasing attention in cancer chemotherapy. This review summarizes the physiological action of adaptogens isolated from the 9 most widely used traditional herbs implicated in cancer therapy viz., Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, Rhodiola rosea, Emblica officinalis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Bacopa monnieri, Asparagus racemosus, Ocimum sanctum, and Panax notoginseng. The studies were identified through a systematic search of major computerized databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Inflibnet, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Individual names of each herb and biological action were the search terms employed. In this review, we have enlisted the chemical constituents and their mechanism of action in a few organ systems as well as in cancer cells. Studies indicate that the adaptogens isolated from these herbs can be broadly arranged into 2 classes based on their chemical structure. These molecules exert a positive influence on several organ systems such as respiratory, nervous, cardiovascular, immune, and gastrointestinal tract. It is also clear that adaptogens act as effective chemopreventive agents alone or in combination with chemo drugs in multiple cancers by targeting multiple intracellular target proteins. Therefore, we conclude that adaptogens are versatile ligands capable of eliciting many systemic effects. Their biological functions are complex, varied, and context-dependent in various cancers. This offers great scope for personalized treatment and cancer chemoprevention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaganathan Lakshmanan
- Dr. Hiram C. Polk, Jr., Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, 511, S FLoyd St, MDR Building, RM#317, Louisville, KY 40202. USA
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Prabhakar P. Role of Indian fruits in the prevention and management of hypertension. JOURNAL OF THE PRACTICE OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_63_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Russell C, Keshavamurthy S, Saha S. Nutraceuticals in the Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Where is the Evidence? Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:150-161. [PMID: 34852755 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x21666211201104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease continues to rise at an alarming rate, and research focuses on possible therapies to reduce the risk and slow down its progression. Several epidemiological studies have indicated that dietary modifications, such as increased consumption of fruits and vegetables play an important role in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. Food sources rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties are thought to ameliorate the progression of cardiovascular disease and serve as a potential treatment mode. Many in vivo and in vitro studies using turmeric, cinnamon, mango, blueberries, red wine, chocolate, and extra virgin olive oil have demonstrated significant improvements in cholesterol profiles, toxic reactive oxygen species, inflammation, obesity, and hypertension. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on the cardioprotective effect of different food groups, outline their potential mechanisms involved in slowing down the progression of cardiovascular disease, and highlight the beneficial effects associated with increased consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Russell
- The American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine. 0
| | | | - Sibu Saha
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Surgery Professor of Surgery and Bioengineering. 0
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Balkrishna A, Tomer M, Manik M, Srivastava J, Dev R, Haldar S, Varshney A. Chyawanprash, An Ancient Indian Ayurvedic Medicinal Food, Regulates Immune Response in Zebrafish Model of Inflammation by Moderating Inflammatory Biomarkers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:751576. [PMID: 34867361 PMCID: PMC8633414 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The time-tested Ayurvedic medicinal food, Chyawanprash, has been a part of the Indian diet since ancient times. It is an extremely concentrated mixture of extracts from medicinal herbs and processed minerals, known for its immunity boosting, rejuvenating, and anti-oxidative effects. In this study, we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of Patanjali Special Chyawanprash (PSCP) using the zebrafish model of inflammation. Zebrafish were fed on PSCP-infused pellets at stipulated doses for 13 days before inducing inflammation through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. The test subjects were monitored for inflammatory pathologies like behavioral fever, hyperventilation, skin hemorrhage, locomotory agility, and morphological anomaly. PSCP exerted a strong prophylactic effect on the zebrafish that efficiently protected them from inflammatory manifestations at a human equivalent dose. Expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), were also reduced in the LPS-stimulated zebrafish fed on PSCP-infused pellets. Skin hemorrhage, hyperventilation, and loss of caudal fins are characteristics of LPS-induced inflammation in zebrafish. PSCP prophylactically ameliorated skin hemorrhage, restored normal respiration, and prevented loss of caudal fin in inflamed zebrafish. Under in vitro conditions, PSCP reduced IL-6 and TNF-α secretion by THP-1 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner by targeting NF-κB signaling, as evident from the secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter assay. These medicinal benefits of PSCP can be attributed to its constitutional bioactive components. Taken together, these observations provide in vivo validation of the anti-inflammatory property and in vitro insight into the mode-of-action of Chyawanprash, a traditionally described medicinal food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
| | - Meenu Tomer
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Moumita Manik
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Jyotish Srivastava
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Swati Haldar
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Bhargavi S, Madhan Shankar SR. Dual herbal combination of Withania somnifera and five Rasayana herbs: A phytochemical, antioxidant, and chemometric profiling. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 12:283-293. [PMID: 33341338 PMCID: PMC8185980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional medicine adequately emphasis plant resources for addressing a wide variety of human ailments by utilizing the naturally occurring phytoconstituents; in particular medicinal plants or parts of plants in combination have prodigious antioxidant potentials. Objective The present study aims to analyze methanolic extract of W. somnifera (W) individually, and in dual combination with five Rasayana herbs P. emblica - (W:P), B. monnieri - (W:B), T. sinensis - (W:T), O. basilicum - (W:O), A. racemosus - (W:A) in three dual ratios [4:1, 1:1, and 1:4]. The efficacy of the combinations is assessed based on their chemometric profiling. Material and methods A total of 15 dual combinatorial methanolic extracts together with W. somnifera were evaluated for their preliminary phytochemical profiles, antioxidant potentials using DPPH and FRAP assays. Five dual samples were selected and analyzed for High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) image-based chemometric profiling followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA)-Heatmaps. Results Qualitative phytochemical analysis of combinatorial extracts exhibited a richness for a variety of phytoconstituents. The antioxidant activity was significantly higher for DPPH IC50 (μg/mL): W = 11.56 ± 3.69; W:P/1:4 = 7.89 ± 1.52; W:O/1:4 = 8.995 ± 2.64 and FRAP (μM FeE/g): W = 4.56 ± 0.54; W:P/1:4 = 138.34 ± 9.25; W:O/1:4 = 15.32 ± 1.64. Chemometric data acquisition displayed improved secondary metabolite close cluster combination with W:O/1:4 and W:P/1:4 than W. somnifera (W) alone. Conclusion The dual herbal combinatorial study revealed that the methanolic combinatorial extracts phytoconstituents correlated with an increase in the antioxidant potential and would serve as a promising source for phytomedicine.
Dual herbal combination of W. somnifera (W) in ratios (4:1, 1:1, 1:4) with P. emblica (W:P), B. monnieri (W:B), T. sinensis (W:T), O. basilicum (W:O), A. racemosus (W:A). Combinatorial extracts expressed different levels of antioxidant capacity. Strong intensity, better clustering pattern for combinatorial extracts. Antioxidant potential correlates with improved characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Bhargavi
- PSG College of Arts and Science, Department of Biotechnology, Coimbatore, 641014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S R Madhan Shankar
- Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Department of Biotechnology, Coimbatore, 641029, Tamilnadu, India.
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Ghaffari S, Navabzadeh M, Ziaee M, Ghobadi A, Ghods R, Hashem-Dabaghian F. A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Add-On Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Emblica officinalis in Uncontrolled Hypertension. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8592869. [PMID: 33082832 PMCID: PMC7563076 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8592869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Emblica officinalis (EO) has some cardiovascular effects, and there are some animal studies that show its antihypertensive effect. This study was conducted to determine the effect of combination of EO with standard therapy on the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Materials and Methods. This was a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week study. Ninety-two patients with uncontrolled hypertension despite taking hypotensive drugs were randomly assigned into two groups to take EO (500 mg/TDS after meal) or placebo in combination with standard antihypertensive drugs. After 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of intervention, SBP and DBP and heart rate (HR) were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using repeated measures ANOVA. Results. Eighty-one patients (41 in the drug group and 40 in the placebo group) completed the study for 8 weeks and were analyzed. The mean ± standard deviation of age was 53.64 ± 10.01 years. SBP decreased as 15.6 ± 8.23% in the EO group and 6.3 ± 7.49% in the placebo group (P < 0.001). DBP decreased as 12.3 ± 7.87% and 3.88 ± 7.98%, respectively (P < 0.001). Time effect was not significant, but the group effect was significant (F = 13.875, P=0.001 for systolic BP and F = 18.948, P < 0.001 for diastolic BP). No side effects were reported during the study. Conclusion. Eight-week combination therapy of EO with standard antihypertensive drugs significantly reduced the SBP and DBP more than placebo in patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Navabzadeh
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Ali Ghobadi
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Ghods
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sharma R, Martins N, Kuca K, Chaudhary A, Kabra A, Rao MM, Prajapati PK. Chyawanprash: A Traditional Indian Bioactive Health Supplement. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E161. [PMID: 31035513 PMCID: PMC6571565 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chyawanprash (CP) is an Ayurvedic health supplement which is made up of a super-concentrated blend of nutrient-rich herbs and minerals. It is meant to restore drained reserves of life force (ojas) and to preserve strength, stamina, and vitality, while stalling the course of aging. Chyawanprash is formulated by processing around 50 medicinal herbs and their extracts, including the prime ingredient, Amla (Indian gooseberry), which is the world's richest source of vitamin C. Chyawanprash preparation involves preparing a decoction of herbs, followed by dried extract preparation, subsequent mixture with honey, and addition of aromatic herb powders (namely clove, cardamom, and cinnamon) as standard. The finished product has a fruit jam-like consistency, and a sweet, sour, and spicy flavor. Scientific exploration of CP is warranted to understand its therapeutic efficacy. Scattered information exploring the therapeutic potential of CP is available, and there is a need to assemble it. Thus, an effort was made to compile the scattered information from ancient Ayurvedic texts and treatises, along with ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological, and scientifically validated literature, that highlight the role of CP in therapeutics. Citations relevant to the topic were screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development (CCRAS), Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, 4-CN Block, Sector-V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700091, India.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for research and Innovation in Heath (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Ashun Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala-133207, India.
| | - Atul Kabra
- Department of Pharmacology, Kota College of Pharmacy, Kota, Rajasthan-324005, India.
| | - Meda M Rao
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development (CCRAS), Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, 4-CN Block, Sector-V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700091, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi- 110076, India.
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