• Coronary artery calcium score
• Coronary computed tomographic angiography
• Coronary fatty plaque
• Epicardial adipose tissue
• Omega-3 fatty acids

• Humans
• Male
• Female
• Eicosapentaenoic Acid/administration & dosage
• Eicosapentaenoic Acid/therapeutic use
• Eicosapentaenoic Acid/pharmacology
• Adipose Tissue/drug effects
• Adipose Tissue/diagnostic imaging
• Adipose Tissue/metabolism
• Adipose Tissue/pathology
• Docosahexaenoic Acids/administration & dosage
• Docosahexaenoic Acids/therapeutic use
• Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology
• Middle Aged
• Dietary Supplements
• Waist Circumference/drug effects
• Coronary Artery Disease/drug therapy
• Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging
• Coronary Artery Disease/pathology
• Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diagnostic imaging
• Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy
• Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
• Pericardium/drug effects
• Pericardium/diagnostic imaging
• Pericardium/pathology
• Aged
• Triglycerides/blood
• Epicardial Adipose Tissue

• cardiovascular disease
• diabetes
• epicardial adipose tissue
• obesity

• National Natural Science Foundation of China

• Anti-hyperglycemic drugs
• Epicardial adipose tissue
• Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
• Inflammation
• Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus

• Epicardial fat thickness
• High-sensitive C-reactive protein
• Inflammation
• Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
• Pentraxin-3

• 90-day mortality
• hospital mortality
• length of ICU stay
• length of hospital stay
• neonatal intensive care unit
• newborn
• platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio
• risk factor

• cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
• epicardial adipose tissue
• hemodialysis

The association of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), an emerging lipid index that can predict the risk for cardiovascular disease, with adverse outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been determined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the AIP could independently predict adverse cardiovascular events in T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI.

This study was a retrospective analysis of a single-centre prospective registry involving 826 consecutive T2DM patients who underwent primary or elective PCI for ACS from June 2016 to November 2017. This study ultimately included 798 patients (age, 61 ± 10 years; male, 72.7%). The AIP was calculated as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of the plasma concentration of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). All the patients were divided into 4 groups based on the AIP quartiles. The primary endpoint was a composite of death from any cause, non-fatal spontaneous myocardial infarction (MI), non-fatal ischaemic stroke, and unplanned repeat revascularization. The key secondary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, and non-fatal ischaemic stroke.

During a median follow-up period of 927 days, 198 patients developed at least one event. An unadjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the incidence of the primary endpoint increased gradually with rising AIP quartiles (log-rank test, P = 0.001). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that compared with the lowest AIP quartile, the top AIP quartile was associated with significantly increased risk for the primary and key secondary endpoints (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.249, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.438 to 3.517, P < 0.001; and HR: 2.571, 95% CI: 1.027 to 6.440, P = 0.044, respectively).

A higher AIP value on admission was independently and strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular events in T2DM patients with ACS undergoing PCI.

• Acute coronary syndrome
• Adverse cardiovascular events
• Atherogenic index of plasma
• Percutaneous coronary intervention
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Adipose tissue is a biologically active organ with pro-immunogenic properties.

Adipose tissue is a biologically active organ with pro-immunogenic properties. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in COVID-19 and its correlation with other inflammatory biomarkers.

One-hundred patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were evaluated on admission. EAT volume and density were measured by computed tomography. Patients were followed until death or discharge. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed and ROC curve analysis was used to assess the ability of inflammatory markers in predicting survival. The relationship between EAT and other inflammatory markers was also investigated.

The mean ± SD age of patients was 55.5 ± 15.2 years old; 68% were male. Univariate analysis revealed that increased lung involvement, blood urea nitrogen, LDH and NLR, and decreased platelet count were significantly associated with death. After adjustment, LDH was independently predictive of death (OR = 1.013, p-value = 0.03). Among inflammatory markers, LCR had the best ability for predicting survival with 79.7% sensitivity and 64.3% specificity at an optimal cut-off value of 20.8 (AUC = 0.744, 95% CI = 0.612–0.876, p-value = 0.004). EAT volume demonstrated positive correlation with NLR and PLR (p = 0.001 and 0.01), and a negative correlation with LCR (p = 0.02). EAT density was significantly different between decedents and survivors (p = 0.008).

Routine laboratory tests that represent status of inflammation can be used as cost-effective prognostic markers of COVID-19. Also, the significant association between EAT volume and other inflammatory biomarkers might explain the more severe disease in obese patients.

• COVID-19
• Computed tomography
• Epicardial adipose tissue
• Inflammation
• Obesity
• Prognosis

• adipocyte
• atherosclerosis
• calcifying proteins
• coronary artery disease
• obesity

• Intrathoracic fat
• lung function
• subcutaneous fat

• mimic Iii
• mortality
• plr
• sepsis

• Acute Kidney Injury/blood
• Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis
• Acute Kidney Injury/mortality
• Adult
• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Boston/epidemiology
• Databases, Factual
• Female
• Hospital Mortality
• Humans
• Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
• Logistic Models
• Lymphocyte Count
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Organ Dysfunction Scores
• Platelet Count
• Prognosis
• ROC Curve
• Retrospective Studies
• Sepsis/blood
• Sepsis/diagnosis
• Sepsis/mortality

To compare the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios as possible parameters of systemic inflammation in hyperglycemic and normoglycemic subjects.

A retrospective, cross-sectional study of data collected from patients tested for fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood count on the same day, between July and December 2016. Patients were divided into hyperglycemic and normoglycemic, and matched by age and sex. The data were analyzed using Epi Info™, version 7.2.1.0, for the Windows^® platform.

We enrolled 278 subjects, 139 hyperglycemic and 139 normoglycemic. The absolute number of leukocytes and neutrophils was higher in the Hyperglycemic Group (p=0.006 and p=0.004, respectively). There was no difference in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio between the Hyperglycemic Group and the Normoglycemic Group (2.1 versus 2.0; p=0.264), and both neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios showed no differences between those with HbA1c ≥7% (n=127, p=0.778) and those with HbA1c <7% (n=12, p=0.490). In contrast, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was lower in the Hyperglycemic Group (117.8 versus 129.6; p=0.007).

Hyperglycemic subjects had a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio similar to that of normoglycemic subjects, but had a lower platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio. Future prospective studies will be useful to determine the importance and prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios in the hyperglycemic state.

Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) is the visceral fat distributed along the coronary arteries between the pericardium and the myocardium. Increases in EFT are closely related to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease. To further understand the link between EFT and DM, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relevant literature.

We systematically searched electronic databases for studies on EFT performed in DM patients and published up to 30 September 2018. We included data on EFT in a DM patient group and a non-DM control group. We then assessed the effect of DM on EFT by meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA). All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12.0 and TSA software.

A total of 13 studies (n = 1102 patients) were included in the final analysis. Compared with the control group, DM patients had significantly higher EFT (SMD: 1.23; 95% CI 0.98, 1.48; P = 0.000; TSA-adjusted 95% CI 0.91, 2.13; P < 0.0001). The TSA indicated that the available samples were sufficient and confirmed that firm evidence was reached. According to the regression analysis and subgroup analyses, DM typing, EFT ultrasound measurements, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were confounding factors that significantly affected our results.

Our meta-analysis suggests that the amount of EFT is significantly higher in DM patients than in non-DM patients.

• Diabetes mellitus
• Epicardial fat tissue
• Meta-analysis

• chronic low-grade inflammation
• epicardial adipose tissue
• immune cells
• obesity
• visceral adipose tissue

• Echocardiography
• Hypoxemia
• Obesity
• Sleep Apnea Syndromes
• Visceral Adipose Tissue

The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been extensively studied in oncologic diseases. However, the correlation between PLR and sarcopenia remains unknown. In this cross-sectional analysis, we enrolled 3,671 non-institutionalized individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) aged ≥60 years and whose complete blood counts (CBCs), body composition measurements, and related demographic information was available. Skeletal muscle mass was assessed using a previously published equation (including age, sex, height, and bioelectrical impedance analysis). PLR values were estimated based on laboratory data. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses, quartile-based stratified odds ratio comparisons, and trend tests were performed. Elevations in serum PLR values were significantly associated with sarcopenia status and negatively associated with skeletal muscle index. After additionally adjusting for other covariates, the significant negative correlation remained; moreover, participants with highest serum PLR values (≥155) had 2.36 times greater risk of sarcopenia than those with lowest PLR values (<90; odds ratio (OR) = 2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–3.31; p < 0.01). Higher PLR levels are associated with a greater risk of sarcopenia in geriatric populations. Thus, PLR as an inexpensive and easily measurable parameter can be considered as an inflammatory biomarker for sarcopenia.

• albuminuria
• diabetic nephropathy
• inflammation
• neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio

• Adipose Tissue
• Humans
• Pericardium

• Adult
• Biopsy
• Disease Progression
• Humans
• Leukocyte Count
• Liver/pathology
• Lymphocytes/pathology
• Male
• Neutrophils/pathology
• Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Reproducibility of Results
• Severity of Illness Index

• epicardial fat
• metabolic syndrome
• myocardial infarction

• HbA1c
• Hematological parameters
• diabetes mellitus
• microvascular complications