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1
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Pansiri S, Trigueros E, Gomes NGM, Andrade PB, Duangsrisai S, Oliveira AP. Cell-free and cell-based antidiabetic effects and chemical characterization of rice bran from Thai cultivars. Food Res Int 2024; 196:115023. [PMID: 39614475 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.115023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024]
Abstract
Rice bran is a valuable by-product of rice milling, prized for its nutritional value and health benefits. This study investigates the antidiabetic properties of rice bran from fifteen commercially available Thai rice cultivars (six brown, four red and five purple). Bran samples were initially screened on their antioxidant potential and ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, as well as on γ-oryzanol levels, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. Top-ranked cultivars were thoroughly investigated for their antidiabetic potential, samples from red and purple cultivars exhibiting greater activity. Samples from the red cultivar Hom Mali Dang (HMD) demonstrated higher potential to inhibit the activity of α-amylase and aldose reductase (IC50 values of 413.19 ± 57.04 and 205.42 ± 26.47 µg/mL, respectively), along with potent α-glucosidase inhibition in Caco-2 cells (IC50 = 158 µg/mL). Our study highlights the potential of underexplored Thai rice bran cultivars, particularly HMD, as a promising ingredient for diabetic-friendly food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphitsara Pansiri
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Esther Trigueros
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Chemical Engineering Division, University of Burgos, Plza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Nelson G M Gomes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sutsawat Duangsrisai
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Andreia P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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2
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Huang Q, Mu Z, Xu H, Bilawal A, Jiang Z, Han L. Comparison in structure, physicochemical and emulsifying properties of alpha lactoglobulin and beta lactalbumin exposed to prior γ-oryzanol by the multi-spectroscopic and silico methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:136771. [PMID: 39442849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
In this work, effects of γ-oryzanol (GO) on structure, physicochemical and emulsifying properties of α-lactalbumin (α-La) and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) were compared by using multi-spectroscopic analysis and computer simulation. Specifically, the intrinsic fluorescence of both whey proteins was quenched by GO, with GO being a stronger quenching for β-Lg than for α-La. The addition of GO caused the backbone of α-La to become denser, whereas for β-Lg, its spatial structure shifted from ordered to disordered after the addition of GO. Additionally, the surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying properties, and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of β-Lg were higher than α-La after the addition of GO. Molecular docking indicated that the primary driving force in the whey protein-GO system was hydrophobic force. The hydrophobic pocket at the cleft between two structural domains in β-Lg and α-La was the binding area for GO, and GO had greater binding affinity for β-Lg than α-La. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that β-Lg-GO system was more stabilized than α-La-GO system. This research contributed to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which α-La and β-Lg interact with GO, offering the potential to develop whey protein-GO complexes as novel emulsifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhishen Mu
- National Enterprise Technology Center, Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot 011500, China
| | - Heyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Akhunzada Bilawal
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Liying Han
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (Northeast Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities, Harbin 150066, China.
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3
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Yang X, Zhu A, Li X, He S, Zhu Y, Anyan W, Qin L, Zeng H. Effects of extracted oil of fermented Tartary buckwheat on lipid-lowering, inflammation modulation, and gut microbial regulation in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:10814-10828. [PMID: 37982812 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04117d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the composition of Tartary buckwheat oil fermented by Monascus purpureus and extracted under supercritical CO2 conditions (FTBO) and evaluated its effects on lipid-lowering, inflammation modulation, and gut microbial regulation in mice that were fed a high-fat diet (MOD). Compared with the raw oil (TBO), the γ-oryzanol content reached 27.09 mg g-1; the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content (such as oleic acid and palmitic acid) was elevated; and the antioxidant capacities of DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl were improved in FTBO (p < 0.0001). Then, supplementation with FTBO had a remarkable effect on reducing the body weight and visceral obesity as well as alleviating hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammatory reactions, and liver damage. The TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in the liver and plasma were reduced, and the HDL-C levels in the liver were increased (p < 0.05). In particular, the high-dose group (FTBOH) exhibited the most significant effect on reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines ET, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the liver, which were 18.85, 570.12, 50.47, and 26.22 pg mL-1, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, FTBO reversed intestinal disorders and increased the intestinal microbial diversity and richness. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, were increased, and the relative abundance of the harmful bacteria Staphylococcus and Lachnoclostridium were reduced. In summary, FTBO has potential applications as a dietary supplement or dietary modifier in lowering blood lipids, modulating immune activity, and reversing intestinal disorders. This study provides reference guidance for the subsequent industrialization and development of Tartary buckwheat, the extension of the industrial chain, the development of new products, and the extraction of functional components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Anran Zhu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Xi Jiu Co., Ltd, Zunyi, 564622, China
| | - Xuanchen Li
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Shengling He
- Guizhou Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wen Anyan
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Likang Qin
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Haiying Zeng
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Maiti S, Banik A. Strategies to fortify the nutritional values of polished rice by implanting selective traits from brown rice: A nutrigenomics-based approach. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113271. [PMID: 37803581 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Whole-grain cereals are important components of a healthy diet. It reduces the risk of many deadly diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, etc. Brown rice is an example of whole grain food, which is highly nutritious due to the presence of various bioactive compounds (flavonoids, phenolics, vitamins, phytosterols, oils, etc.) associated with the rice bran layer of brown rice. White rice is devoid of the nutritious rice bran layer and thus lacks the bioactive compounds which are the major attractants of brown rice. Therefore, to confer health benefits to the public at large, the nutrigenomic potential of white rice may be improved by integrating the phytochemicals associated with the rice bran layer of brown rice into it via biofortification processes like conventional breeding, agronomic practices, metabolic engineering, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and RNAi techniques. Thus, this review article focuses on improving the nutritional qualities of white/polished rice through biofortification processes, utilizing new breeding technologies (NBTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdatta Maiti
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Avishek Banik
- Laboratory of Microbial Interaction, Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Deng X, Niu L, Xiao J, Guo Q, Liang J, Tang J, Liu X, Xiao C. Involvement of intestinal flora and miRNA into the mechanism of coarse grains improving type 2 diabetes: an overview. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4257-4267. [PMID: 36224106 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been growing at an increasing rate worldwide. Dietary therapy is probably the easiest and least expensive method to prevent and treat diabetes. Previous studies have reported that coarse grains have anti-diabetic effects. Although considerable efforts have been made on the anti-diabetic function of different grains, the mechanisms of coarse grains on type 2 diabetes have not been systematically compared and summarized so far. Intestinal flora, reported as the main 'organ' of action underlying coarse grains, is an important factor in the alleviation of type 2 diabetes by coarse grains. Furthermore, microRNA (miRNA), as a new disease marker and 'dark nutrient', plays a likely influential role in cross-border communication among coarse grains, intestinal flora, and hosts. Given this context, this article reviews several possible mechanisms for the role of coarse grains on diabetes, incorporating resistance to inflammation and oxidative stress, repair of insulin signaling and β-cell dysfunction, and highlights the regulation of intestinal flora disorders and miRNAs expression, along with some novel insights. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Li Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiayi Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiayu Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunxia Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Interaction, bioaccessibility and stability of bovine serum albumin-gamma-oryzanol complex: Spectroscopic and computational approaches. Food Chem 2023; 402:134493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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7
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Li M, Li J, Huang Y, Gao Z, Jiang Z, Mu Z. Insight into comparison of binding interactions and biological activities of whey protein isolate exposed prior to two structurally different sterols. Food Chem 2022; 405:134827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Cheng Z, Qiao D, Zhao S, Zhang B, Lin Q, Xie F. Whole grain rice: Updated understanding of starch digestibility and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3244-3273. [PMID: 35686475 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, resulting from disordered glucose and lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases (e.g., hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, and obesity) are among the most serious health issues facing humans worldwide. Increasing evidence has confirmed that dietary intervention (with healthy foods) is effective at regulating the metabolic syndrome. Whole grain rice (WGR) rich in dietary fiber and many bioactive compounds (e.g., γ-amino butyric acid, γ-oryzanol, and polyphenols) can not only inhibit starch digestion and prevent rapid increase in the blood glucose level, but also reduce oxidative stress and damage to the liver, thereby regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. The rate of starch digestion is directly related to the blood glucose level in the organism after WGR intake. Therefore, the effects of different factors (e.g., additives, cooking, germination, and physical treatments) on WGR starch digestibility are examined in this review. In addition, the mechanisms from human and animal experiments regarding the correlation between the intake of WGR or its products and the lowered blood glucose and lipid levels and the reduced incidence of diabetes and obesity are discussed. Moreover, information on developing WGR products with the health benefits is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Cheng
- Group for Cereals and Oils Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongling Qiao
- Glyn O. Phillips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HBUT, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siming Zhao
- Group for Cereals and Oils Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Binjia Zhang
- Group for Cereals and Oils Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Fengwei Xie
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Shah HS, Gotecha A, Jetha D, Rajput A, Bariya A, Panchal S, Butani S. Gamma oryzanol niosomal gel for skin cancer: formulation and optimization using quality by design (QbD) approach. AAPS OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41120-021-00041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractSkin cancer is fifth most diagnosed disease in human population due to ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure. Gamma oryzanol (OZ) is a natural antioxidant, and it also has skin anti-aging properties. OZ is naturally found in rice bran oil. The main aim of the present work was to optimize OZ niosomal formulation using quality by design approach including one variable at a time and full factorial design. Niosomes were prepared by solvent injection method and characterized for size, polydispersity index, drug entrapment, and transmission electron microscopy. The optimized batch obtained at X1 [drug to span 60 molar ratio (1:5)], X2 [volume of hydration (75 mL)], and X3 [stirring speed (2500 rpm)] to Y1 [average vesicle size (196.6 nm)] and Y2 [entrapment efficiency (78.31%)] as dependent variables. The optimized OZ noisomes were formulated by niosomal gel to provide improved physicochemical stability upon topical application against UV. The niosomal gel was characterized using pH meter, viscometer, Draize test for skin irritancy, ex vivo permeation studies, and stability studies. Ex vivo permeation studies of OZ niosomal gel not only showed fourfold higher permeation but also exhibited better drug retention in dermal layers of skin as compared to OZ gel. Quality Target Product Profile of OZ niosomal formulation was generated. Risk analysis of optimized OZ gel suggested most critical quality attributes (CQAs) and critical process parameters (CPPs) to be characterized as low risk. Thus, γ-oryzanol niosomal gel for topical use can serve as a promising prophylactic treatment in skin cancer, and the developed prototype formulation can be further extended to future newly discovered drugs with similar characteristics.
Graphical abstract
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Multi-Mechanistic In Vitro Evaluation of Antihyperglycemic, Antioxidant and Antiglycation Activities of Three Phenolic-Rich Indian Red Rice Genotypes and In Silico Evaluation of Their Phenolic Metabolites. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112818. [PMID: 34829098 PMCID: PMC8617766 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the antidiabetic potential of three traditional Indian red rice genotypes/RR (Kattuyanam/KA, Chennangi/CH & Karungkuruvai/KU) using a combination of in vitro, metabolomics (Quadrupole-Time of Flight-Liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry/Q-TOF-LC-MS/MS), and in silico techniques. In terms of antihyperglycemic potential, KA exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against α-amylase; CH against α-glucosidase; and KU against DPPIV and PTP1B enzymes. KA exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS) and greater inhibition of protein glycation compared to other RR indicating its potential to mitigate diabetic complications. The metabolomic analysis confirmed the presence of 99 phenolics in the sample extracts (KU-71, KA-70, CH-68). Molecular docking studies revealed seven metabolites to be good inhibitors of the four target enzymes and activators of insulin receptor substrate/IRS. The antihyperglycemic and oxidation-glycation reduction composite index revealed KA to have the highest overall antidiabetic potential. Hence, the RR could be utilized in functional foods with a multi-barrelled strategy for diabetes prevention/management.
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Liu ZH, Li B. Chlorogenic acid and β-glucan from highland barley grain ameliorate β-cell dysfunction via inhibiting apoptosis and improving cell proliferation. Food Funct 2021; 12:10040-10052. [PMID: 34515712 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that highland barley as a whole grain diet has anti-hyperglycemic effects, however little information is available about the active compounds that ameliorate pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and the related mechanisms. In this study, chlorogenic acid (CA) and β-glucan (BG) were identified as the active compounds that ameliorated β-cell dysfunction. CA ameliorated β-cell dysfunction by inhibiting cell apoptosis and improving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via targeting G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and regulating the phospholipase C β (PLCβ) pathway. BG ameliorated β-cell dysfunction by improving cell proliferation via targeting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and regulating the protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway. Furthermore, CA and BG improved β-cell sensitivity and pancreatic insulin secretion, and inhibited β-cell apoptosis in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) mice. Notably, CA restored homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-β values and Ca2+-ATP and K+-ATP levels back to normal levels, and BG at 300 mg per kg BW restored β-cell insulin contents back to normal levels in IGT mice. Additionally, the combination of CA and BG had an additive effect on ameliorating β-cell dysfunction. These results help develop whole highland barley grain as a functional food for preventing type 2 diabetes by ameliorating pancreatic β-cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Bo Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China. .,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
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Ramazani E, Akaberi M, Emami SA, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Biological and Pharmacological Effects of Gamma-oryzanol: An Updated Review of the Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2299-2316. [PMID: 33138751 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201102101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-oryzanol (γ-oryzanol) is one of the rice bran oil (RBO) compounds, known as a principal food source throughout the world. In recent numerous experimental studies, γ-oryzanol has been revealed to have several useful pharmacological properties, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, ameliorating unpleasant menopausal symptoms, cholesterol-lowering, improving plasma lipid pattern, etc. Methods: In this study, we reviewed the scientific literature published up until 2020, which has evaluated the biological and pharmacological activity of gamma-oryzanol. This review summarizes the published data found in PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The present review attempts to summarize the most related articles about the pharmacological and therapeutic potential from recent studies on γ-oryzanol to gain insights into design further studies to achieve new evidence that confirm the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ramazani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Settu R, Selvaraj D, Padikasan IA. GCMS profiling and in silico screening of alpha-amylase inhibitors in traditional pigmented rice varieties (Oryza sativa Linn) of Tamil Nadu. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Golzarand M, Toolabi K, Eskandari Delfan S, Mirmiran P. The effect of brown rice compared to white rice on adiposity indices, lipid profile, and glycemic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7395-7412. [PMID: 33905269 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1914541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed the effect of brown rice consumption on metabolic parameters compared to white rice, with inconsistent findings. Therefore, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the effect of brown rice on adiposity indices, lipid profile, and glycemic markers in adult subjects compared to white rice. In this study, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Embase databases were comprehensively searched until March 2021. Thirteen RCTs were selected and then included in the meta-analysis. As reported, brown rice significantly reduced weight by -1.63 kg (95% CI: -2.15 to -1.11, I2=97%, n = 6), body mass index (BMI) by -0.58 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.78 to -0.37, I2=96%, n = 6), and waist circumference by -2.56 cm (95% CI: -4.86 to -0.26, I2=88%, n = 5) compared with white rice. Moreover, it had no significant effect on lipid profile and glycemic markers. Besides, pre-germinated brown rice significantly declined weight (-1.75 kg, 95% CI: -2.70 to -0.81, I2=99%, n = 4), total cholesterol (-24.22 mg/dl, 95% CI: -33.03 to -15.41, I2=78%, n = 5), triglyceride (TG) (-43.28 mg/dl, 95% CI: -74.05 to -12.50, I2=90%, n = 5), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (-20.05 mg/dl, 95% CI: -29.57 to -10.52, I2=71%, n = 5), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (-15.83 mg/dl, 95% CI: -25.20 to -6.46, I2=91%, n = 5). In accordance with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, the certainly of the included evidence was low and very low. The results of the present study indicate that, brown rice has anti-obesity effects in comparison with white rice; however, it has no beneficial effects on lipid profile and glycemic markers. Contrary to brown rice, it was shown that, pre-germinated brown rice significantly decreases body weight and improves lipid profile and FBG levels compared to white rice. Accordingly, our results indicate that, pre-germinated brown rice has better functional effects on promoting lipid profile and FBG compared to brown rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Golzarand
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karamollah Toolabi
- Department of Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Semwal DK, Kumar A, Aswal S, Chauhan A, Semwal RB. Protective and therapeutic effects of natural products against diabetes mellitus via regenerating pancreatic β-cells and restoring their dysfunction. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1218-1229. [PMID: 32987447 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern and an increasing interest has been raised to search for new compounds with therapeutic effects on β-cells. There are chronic insulin resistance and loss of β-cell mass in the case of type-2 diabetes which covers about 90% of total diabetic patients. This work aims to critically review the protective and regenerative effects of various antidiabetic natural products on pancreatic β-cells. A thorough literature survey was conducted on the natural molecules and extracts having a protective, regenerative, and repairing effect on β-cells. The primary source of the literature was online scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Besides, selected relevant textbooks were also consulted. Various natural molecules including berberine, curcumin, mangiferin, stevioside and capsaicin, and extracts obtained from the plants like Capsicum annum, Gymnema sylvestre, Stevia rebaudiana and Nymphaea stellate, were found to produce regenerative and anti-apoptosis effects on β-cells. These natural products were also found to increase insulin secretion by stimulating β-cells. The present review concluded that a large number of molecules and extracts, abundantly found in nature, possess antidiabetic effect via targeting β-cells. Further research is warranted to use these agents as a drug against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sonali Aswal
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ashutosh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Chemistry, Pt. Lalit Mohan Sharma Government Postgraduate College, Rishikesh, India
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Gamma oryzanol impairs alcohol-induced anxiety-like behavior in mice via upregulation of central monoamines associated with Bdnf and Il-1β signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10677. [PMID: 32606350 PMCID: PMC7326911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol exposure may increase anxiety-like behaviors by altering central monoaminergic functions and other important neuronal pathways. The present study was designed to investigate the anxiolytic effect of 0.5% γ-oryzanol (GORZ) and its neurochemical and molecular mechanisms under chronic 10% ethanol consumption. Five-week-old ICR male mice received either control (14% casein, AIN 93 M) or GORZ (14% casein, AIN 93 M + 0.5% GORZ) diets in this study. We showed that GORZ could potentially attenuate alcohol-induced anxiety-like behaviors by significantly improving the main behavioral parameters measured by the elevated plus maze test. Moreover, GORZ treatment significantly restored the alcohol-induced downregulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid in the hippocampus and improved homovanillic acid levels in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, a recovery increase in the level of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol both in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex supported the anxiolytic effect of GORZ. The significant elevation and reduction in the hippocampus of relative mRNA levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and interleukin 1β, respectively, also showed the neuroprotective role of GORZ in ethanol-induced anxiety. Altogether, these results suggest that 0.5% GORZ is a promising neuroprotective drug candidate with potential anxiolytic, neurogenic, and anti-neuroinflammatory properties for treating adolescent alcohol exposure.
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17
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Wang H, Hu F, Wang C, Ramaswamy HS, Yu Y, Zhu S, Wu J. Effect of germination and high pressure treatments on brown rice flour rheological, pasting, textural, and structural properties. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Feifei Hu
- Zhejiang Yangshengtang Institute of Natural Medicine Ltd. Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Crop Breeding & Cultivation Research Institute Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy
- Department of Food Science McGill University St‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QC Canada
- Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yong Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Songming Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jian Wu
- Agricultural Service Center of Zhengzi Town in Rong County Zigong China
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18
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Akter S, Uddin KR, Sasaki H, Shibata S. Gamma Oryzanol Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Anxiety-Like Behaviors Through Downregulation of Dopamine and Inflammation in the Amygdala of Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:330. [PMID: 32256371 PMCID: PMC7090127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high-fat diet (HFD) can induce obesity and metabolic disorders that are closely associated with cognitive impairments, and the progression of several psychiatric disorders such as anxiety. We have previously demonstrated the anxiolytic-like effect of Gamma oryzanol (GORZ) in chronic restraint stressed mice. Objective We studied the neurochemical and molecular mechanisms that underlie the preventive effect of GORZ in HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors, monoaminergic dysfunction, and inflammation. Methods Eight-week-old Institute of Cancer (ICR) male mice weighing 33–34 g were divided into the following groups and free-fed for 8 weeks: control (14% casein, AIN 93M); HFD; HFD + GORZ (0.5% GORZ). Body weight gain was checked weekly. The anxiolytic-like effects of GORZ were examined via open-field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Brain levels of monoamines [5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE)] and their metabolites [5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG)], proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-αα (Tnf-α) mRNA levels, and interleukin 1-β (Il-1β) mRNA levels in the cerebral cortex and amygdala were examined using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD), and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Results Mice fed a HFD for eight weeks showed anxiety-like behaviors in association with HFD-induced body weight gain. GORZ potentially blocked HFD-induced anxiety-like behaviors via significant improvement of the primary behavioral parameters in behavioral tests, with a minor reduction in HFD-induced body weight gain. Furthermore, GORZ treatment significantly downregulated HFD-induced upregulation of dopamine levels in the brain's amygdala. Significant reduction of the relative mRNA expression of Tnf-α and Il-1 β was also observed in the amygdala of HFD + GORZ mice, compared to HFD mice. Conclusions Our findings strongly suggest that 0.5% GORZ exerts anxiolytic-like effects, possibly through downregulation of dopamine, and via expression of proinflammatory cytokines Tnf-α and Il-1 β in the case of chronic HFD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salina Akter
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazi Rasel Uddin
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Verma DK, Srivastav PP. Bioactive compounds of rice (Oryza sativa L.): Review on paradigm and its potential benefit in human health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Fuse Y, Higa M, Miyashita N, Fujitani A, Yamashita K, Ichijo T, Aoe S, Hirose T. Effect of High β-glucan Barley on Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Clin Nutr Res 2020; 9:43-51. [PMID: 32095447 PMCID: PMC7015725 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2020.9.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate whether high β-glucan-containing barley (7.2 g per 100 g) improves postprandial plasma glucose levels and suppresses postprandial insulin levels during a meal tolerance test in type 2 diabetic patients. A meal tolerance test (500 kcal) was conducted using two types of test meals: a test meal with white rice (WR) alone (WR diet) and a test meal with WR mixed with 50% barley (BR diet) as staple food. The side dish was the same in the both meals. The changes in plasma glucose and serum C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) levels for 180 minutes after ingestion of the test meals were compared. Ten patients with type 2 diabetes (age 52.5 ± 15.1 years, and 7 males and 3 females) were included in this study. The mean HbA1c level and body mass index were 8.8 ± 1.4%, and 29.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2, respectively. Plasma glucose levels after ingestion of the WR diet or BR diet peaked at 60 minutes, which showed no significant differences between the two types of test meals. However, the incremental area under the curve (IAUC) of plasma glucose levels after ingestion of BR diet was significantly lower than that of WR diet. The serum CPR levels at 180 min and their IAUC over 180 minutes after ingestion of BR diet were significantly lower than those of WR diet. Conclusion: Increase in postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels was suppressed by mixing high-β-glucan barley with WR in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Fuse
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa 230-0012, Japan
| | - Mariko Higa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa 230-0012, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyashita
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Asami Fujitani
- Nutrition Support Team, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa 230-0012, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamashita
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa 230-0012, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ichijo
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa 230-0012, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hirose
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
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21
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γ-Oryzanol suppresses cell apoptosis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway in H 2O 2-stimulated L02 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109554. [PMID: 31678753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Oryzanol, a mixture of ferulic acid esters of plant sterols and triterpene alcohols existed in rice bran oil, can ameliorate lipid metabolism and enhance antioxidant activity. In this study, we used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury in human hepatic L02 cells to investigate the mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective activity of γ-oryzanol. The injuries produced by H2O2 in L02 cells include increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased protein expressions of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with γ-oryzanol enhanced the ROS scavenging activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation in H2O2 treated cells. Moreover, pretreatment with γ-oryzanol inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis by restoring MMP, upregulating the expression ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and inhibiting the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. These findings show that γ-oryzanol can prevent H2O2-induced apoptosis by suppressing intracellular accumulation of ROS and impeding ROS-activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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22
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Gao Y, Zhang M, Zhang R, You L, Li T, Liu RH. Whole Grain Brown Rice Extrudate Ameliorates the Symptoms of Diabetes by Activating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT Insulin Pathway in db/db Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11657-11664. [PMID: 31549821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of whole grains on diabetes mellitus have been continuously confirmed by in-depth research. To date, limited studies have investigated the effect of extruded products of whole grains on the insulin signaling pathway in vivo. This study investigated the effects of oral consumption of whole grain extrudate, including 97% brown rice and 3% defatted rice bran (w/w, BRD), on glucose metabolism and the hepatic insulin signaling pathway in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. BRD treatment induced a remarkable reduction in blood glucose. Moreover, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were ameliorated in the BRD-treated group compared with those in the db/db control group. BRD also increased the hepatic glycogen content by reducing the expression and increasing the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). The activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and their respective mRNA expression levels in the liver were simultaneously decreased in the BRD-treated group. BRD also significantly upregulated the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and protein kinase B (AKT). These results indicate that BRD exhibits antidiabetic potential by activating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, further regulating the expression of the FOXO1 gene and p-GSK3β protein, thus inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, increasing hepatic glycogen storage, and improving insulin resistance. Therefore, BRD could be used as a functional ingredient to alleviate the symptoms of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing , Guangzhou 510610 , China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing , Guangzhou 510610 , China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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23
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Yasuda S, Sowa Y, Hashimoto H, Nakagami T, Tsuno T, Sakai T. Cycloartenyl Ferulate and β-Sitosteryl Ferulate - Steryl Ferulates of γ-Oryzanol - Suppress Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species in Cell-based System. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:765-768. [PMID: 31292340 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Oryzanol is a naturally occurring component of rice bran and consists of various steryl ferulates. The antioxidant activities of γ-oryzanol have mostly been demonstrated in cell-free systems. Therefore, we determined whether steryl ferulate of γ-oryzanol suppress spontaneous intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell-based systems. We found that cycloartenyl ferulate and β-sitosteryl ferulate suppressed spontaneous intracellular ROS in a similar way to N-acetylcysteine and α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusuke Yasuda
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Toshiyuki Sakai
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Cancer Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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24
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Sferrazzo G, Palmeri R, Vanella L, Parafati L, Ronsisvalle S, Biondi A, Basile F, Li Volti G, Barbagallo I. Mangifera indica L. Leaf Extract Induces Adiponectin and Regulates Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133211. [PMID: 31261958 PMCID: PMC6651838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds may be used in obese patients because of their ability to impact on various key mechanisms involved in the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of such condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a Mangifera indica L. leaf extract (MLE) on adipogenic differentiation of murine preadipocyte cells. 3T3-L1 cells were treated during their differentiation with various concentrations of (Mangifera indica L.) leaves extract (MLE) (750, 380, 150, 75 and 35 μg) in order to assess their lipid content, adiponectin production, expression profile of genes involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. Our results showed that MLE was particularly enriched in polyphenols (46.30 ± 0.083 mg/g) and that pharmacological treatment of cells resulted in a significant increase of adiponectin levels and reduction of intracellular lipid content. Consistently with these results, MLE resulted in a significant decrease of the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism (FAS, PPARG, DGAT1, DGAT2, and SCD-1). In conclusion, our results suggest that MLE may represent a possible pharmacological tool for obese or metabolic syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sferrazzo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Palmeri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Parafati
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Simone Ronsisvalle
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Basile
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95125 Catania, Italy.
- EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Via Michele Miraglia 20, 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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25
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Wu W, Qiu J, Wang A, Li Z. Impact of whole cereals and processing on type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1447-1474. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1574708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of nutrition and food safety, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Zaigui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing, China
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26
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Quan NV, Tran HD, Xuan TD, Ahmad A, Dat TD, Khanh TD, Teschke R. Momilactones A and B Are α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030482. [PMID: 30700006 PMCID: PMC6385104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) are the active phytoalexins and allelochemicals in rice. In this study, MA and MB were purified from rice husk of Oryza sativa cv. Koshihikari by column chromatography, and purification was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. By in vitro assays, both MA and MB exerted potent inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. The inhibitory effect of MB on these two key enzymes was greater than that of MA. Both MA and MB exerted greater α-glucosidase suppression as compared to that of the commercial diabetic inhibitor acarbose. Quantities of MA and MB in rice grain were 2.07 ± 0.01 and 1.06 ± 0.01 µg/dry weight (DW), respectively. This study was the first to confirm the presence of MA and MB in refined rice grain and reported the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the two compounds. The improved protocol of LC-ESI-MS in this research was simple and effective to detect and isolate MA and MB in rice organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Quan
- Division of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Hoang-Dung Tran
- Department of Biotechnology, NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298A-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 72820, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Division of Development Technology, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation (IDEC), Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan.
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Process Chemistry and Technology Department, Lucknow 226016, India.
| | - Tran Dang Dat
- Khai Xuan International Co., Ltd., 22, 9/53/8 Quan Hoa, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 123000, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Dang Khanh
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Pham Van Dong Street, Hanoi 122000, Vietnam.
- Center for Expert, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam.
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, 63450 Hanau, Germany.
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Masuzaki H, Kozuka C, Okamoto S, Yonamine M, Tanaka H, Shimabukuro M. Brown rice-specific γ-oryzanol as a promising prophylactic avenue to protect against diabetes mellitus and obesity in humans. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:18-25. [PMID: 29978570 PMCID: PMC6319487 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic overconsumption of animal fats causes a variety of health problems, including diabetes mellitus and obesity. Underlying molecular mechanisms encompass leptin resistance, a decrease in rewarding effects of physical activities, xanthine oxidase-induced oxidative stress in vasculature and peripheral tissue, impaired activation of incretin signaling, deviation in food preference, and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Based on our clinical observation that daily intake of brown rice effectively ameliorates bodyweight gain, impaired glucose tolerance/insulin resistance and dependence on fatty foods in obese, prediabetes men, a line of research on brown rice (rice bran)-derived γ-oryzanol in mice experiments, cultured cells and human clinical trials is underway in our laboratory. Our works in mice showed that γ-oryzanol, an ester mixture of ferulic acid and several kinds of phytosterols, acts as a molecular chaperone, thereby attenuating the strong preference for animal fats through suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the hypothalamus. In pancreatic islets from both high-fat diet-induced and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, γ-oryzanol ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress and protects β-cells against apoptosis. Noticeably, γ-oryzanol also acts as a potent inhibitor against deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferases in the brain reward system (striatum) in mice, thereby attenuating, at least partly, the preference for a high-fat diet through the epigenetic modulation of striatal dopamine D2 receptor. Because dopamine D2 receptor signaling in the brain reward system is considerably attenuated in obese humans and rodents, γ-oryzanol might represent a unique property to ameliorate both hedonic and metabolic dysregulation of feeding behavior, highlighting a promising prophylactic avenue to protect against metabolic derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | - Masato Yonamine
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawaJapan
| | | | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismSchool of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
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28
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Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ. Nutraceuticals and Diet-based Phytochemicals in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Whole Food to Components with Defined Roles and Mechanisms. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 16:12-25. [PMID: 30378500 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666181031103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decades, the development and use of an array of prescription medications have considerably improved the clinical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the quality of life of patients. However, as our knowledge of the associated risk factors and approaches to its management increases, the increasing roles of diet and the composition of the diet in the etiology and successful management of diabetes mellitus are being illuminated. Presently, a lot of attention is being given to nutraceuticals and certain phytochemicals that are integral parts of the human diet. It is believed that a clearer understanding of their roles may be crucial to 'non-invasive' or minimallyintrusive management, with regards to daily living of patients. In this review, an overview of nutraceutical components and phytochemicals that may be of benefit, or had been known to be beneficial in diabetes mellitus is given. Also, how the roles of such dietary components are evolving in the management of this disorder is highlighted. Lastly, the obstacles that need to be overcome before nutraceuticals can be considered as options for the clinical management of diabetes mellitus areconsidered. CONCLUSION Despite studies that demonstrate their efficacy, no nutraceutical or food-derived compound has been formally adopted as a direct replacement for any class of antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Yetunde Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle James Onaolapo
- Department of Pharmacology, Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Hypoglycemic effect of whole grain diet in C57BL/KsJ- db/db mice by activating PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathways. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:895-905. [PMID: 31093448 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by abnormal blood glucose level, is a metabolic disease caused by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Previous studies have reported that whole grain intake alleviated various metabolic syndromes. Here, the hypoglycemic effect of whole grain diet (WGD) on type II diabetes was investigated in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. WGD improved the regulation of fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels and reduced weight gain and lipid accumulation. On the molecular level, WGD up-regulated the glucose transporter type 4 and stimulated the insulin receptor substrate 1/phosphoinositide 3-kinase ((PI3K)/Akt) pathway. WGD stimulated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/p38/Acetyl-CoA carboxylate pathway related to lipid metabolism and glucose uptake, and down-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Taken together, whole grains can be employed as functional food ingredients to alleviate T2DM by enhancing the PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathways.
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Xia Q, Green BD, Zhu Z, Li Y, Gharibzahedi SMT, Roohinejad S, Barba FJ. Innovative processing techniques for altering the physicochemical properties of wholegrain brown rice ( Oryza sativa L.) - opportunities for enhancing food quality and health attributes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3349-3370. [PMID: 29993273 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1491829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rice is a globally important staple consumed by billions of people, and recently there has been considerable interest in promoting the consumption of wholegrain brown rice (WBR) due to its obvious advantages over polished rice in metabolically protective activities. This work highlights the effects of innovative processing technologies on the quality and functional properties of WBR in comparison with traditional approaches; and it is aimed at establishing a quantitative and/or qualitative link between physicochemical changes and high-efficient processing methods. Compared with thermal treatments, applications of innovative nonthermal techniques, such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), pulsed electric fields (PEF), ultrasound and cold plasma, are not limited to modifying physicochemical properties of WBR grains, since improvements in nutritional and functional components as well as a reduction in anti-nutritional factors can also be achieved through inducing related biochemical transformation. Much information about processing methods and parameters which influence WBR quality changes has been obtained, but simultaneously achieving the product stabilization and functionality of processed WBR grains requires a comprehensive evaluation of all the quality changes induced by different processing procedures as well as quantitative insights into the relationship between the changes and processing variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian D Green
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Division of Food and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, Burjassot, València, 46100, Spain
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Wang H, Zhu S, Ramaswamy HS, Hu F, Yu Y. Effect of high pressure processing on rancidity of brown rice during storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ravichanthiran K, Ma ZF, Zhang H, Cao Y, Wang CW, Muhammad S, Aglago EK, Zhang Y, Jin Y, Pan B. Phytochemical Profile of Brown Rice and Its Nutrigenomic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E71. [PMID: 29789516 PMCID: PMC6025443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7060071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole grain foods have been promoted to be included as one of the important components of a healthy diet because of the relationship between the regular consumption of whole-grain foods and reduced risk of chronic diseases. Rice is a staple food, which has been widely consumed for centuries by many Asian countries. Studies have suggested that brown rice is associated with a wide spectrum of nutrigenomic implications such as anti-diabetic, anti-cholesterol, cardioprotective and antioxidant. This is because of the presence of various phytochemicals that are mainly located in bran layers of brown rice. Therefore, this paper is a review of publications that focuses on the bioactive compounds and nutrigenomic implications of brown rice. Although current evidence supports the fact that the consumption of brown rice is beneficial for health, these studies are heterogeneous in terms of their brown rice samples used and population groups, which cause the evaluation to be difficult. Future clinical studies should focus on the screening of individual bioactive compounds in brown rice with reference to their nutrigenomic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keneswary Ravichanthiran
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 2073, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 15200, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Health Promotion, Pudong Maternal and Child Health Care Institution, Shanghai 201399, China.
| | - Chee Woon Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shahzad Muhammad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan.
| | - Elom K Aglago
- Joint Unit of Research in Nutrition and Food Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco.
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Division of Medicine, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK.
| | - Yifan Jin
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Binyu Pan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First People's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou 215200, China.
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Sohail M, Rakha A, Butt MS, Iqbal MJ, Rashid S. Rice bran nutraceutics: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3771-3780. [PMID: 27015585 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1164120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Agro-industry yields ample quantity of several byproducts with considerable importance. These byproducts are mostly under-utilized, often used as animal feed or rejected as waste; hence their true potential is not harnessed. The use of such superfluous resources is of not only economic significance but also a form of commercial recycling. Rice bran is an important byproduct of rice milling industry with a global potential of 29.3 million tons annually. It is gaining great attention of the researchers due to its nutrient-rich composition, easy availability, low cost, high antioxidant potential, and promising effects against several metabolic ailments. Bioactive components of rice bran, mainly γ-oryzanol, have been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activities. Rice bran oil contains appreciable quantities of bioactive components and has attained the status of "Heart oil" due to its cardiac-friendly chemical profile. Nutraceutics have successfully been extracted from rice bran using several extraction techniques such as solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave-, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Current paper is an attempt to highlight bioactive moieties of rice bran along with their extraction technologies and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- a National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Allah Rakha
- a National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Masood Sadiq Butt
- a National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Iqbal
- a National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Summer Rashid
- a National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Lee S, Kim MB, Kim C, Hwang JK. Whole grain cereal attenuates obesity-induced muscle atrophy by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in obese C57BL/6N mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 27:159-168. [PMID: 30263736 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole grain comprises starchy endosperm, germ, and bran tissues, which contain fibers, minerals, vitamins, and several phytochemicals. Whole grain cereal (WGC)-based food products supply beneficial nutrients (essential for health care) and macronutrients (essential for body maintenance and support). The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of WGC on obesity-induced muscle atrophy in obese C57BL/6N mice. WGC attenuated the body weight gain, fat pad mass, adipocyte size, food efficiency ratio, serum lipid profile, and non-alcoholic fatty liver. Furthermore, WGC increased muscle mass and muscle strength by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. Accordingly, WGC up-regulated the expression of factors that regulate muscle hypertrophy and myogenesis, whereas it down-regulated the atrophy-related factors. Overall, these results demonstrate that WGC effectively attenuates obesity-induced muscle atrophy as well as overall obesity, suggesting that WGC can be used as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sein Lee
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- 2Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Kim
- 2Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea.,2Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
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35
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Nie Y, Luo F, Wang L, Yang T, Shi L, Li X, Shen J, Xu W, Guo T, Lin Q. Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of rice bran polysaccharide and its potential mechanism in high-fat diet mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:4028-4041. [PMID: 28869259 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00654c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia occurs very often in modern society along with a high calorie intake and is regarded as one of the greatest risk factors for the prevalence of cardiac vascular disease (CVD). In this study, we investigated the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of the rice bran polysaccharides (RBP) and its mechanism in a high fat diet animal model. 60 ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, which included Control, HFD (high fat diet) and HFD + RBP, and each group included 20 mice. The control group was fed with a standard diet while the other two groups were fed with HFD. In addition, the HFD + RBP group was fed with 500 mg kg-1 of rice bran polysaccharides by intragastric administration while the other two groups were intragastrically administered with water. The results showed that RBP treatment for 10 weeks obviously decreased the body weight, liver weight and adipose tissues of mice; and it decreased the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) in the plasma. H&E staining of the liver tissues showed that RBP treatment decreased the size of fat droplets compared with the HFD group. Microarray analysis revealed that RBP treatment results in 80 genes being up-regulated while 72 genes were down-regulated in the tissues of liver. IPA software analysis suggested that NF-κB may play a vital role in the lipid-lowering effect of RBP. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed that the mRNA levels of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, PPAR-δ, SREBP-1C, FASN, ACC, SIRT and CD36, which are related to lipid metabolism, were significantly regulated by RBP supplementation compared to HFD. The western blot analysis further confirmed these altered expressions after RBP treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that the oral administration of RBP exerts lipid-lowering in high fat diet mice via regulating the lipid metabolism-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Nie
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
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Kozuka C, Shimizu-Okabe C, Takayama C, Nakano K, Morinaga H, Kinjo A, Fukuda K, Kamei A, Yasuoka A, Kondo T, Abe K, Egashira K, Masuzaki H. Marked augmentation of PLGA nanoparticle-induced metabolically beneficial impact of γ-oryzanol on fuel dyshomeostasis in genetically obese-diabetic ob/ob mice. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:558-568. [PMID: 28181829 PMCID: PMC8241037 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1279237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous works demonstrated that brown rice-specific bioactive substance, γ-oryzanol acts as a chaperone, attenuates exaggerated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in brain hypothalamus and pancreatic islets, thereby ameliorating metabolic derangement in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese diabetic mice. However, extremely low absorption efficiency from intestine of γ-oryzanol is a tough obstacle for the clinical application. Therefore, in this study, to overcome extremely low bioavailability of γ-oryzanol with super-high lipophilicity, we encapsulated γ-oryzanol in polymer poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (Nano-Orz), and evaluated its metabolically beneficial impact in genetically obese-diabetic ob/ob mice, the best-known severest diabetic model in mice. To our surprise, Nano-Orz markedly ameliorated fuel metabolism with an unexpected magnitude (∼1000-fold lower dose) compared with regular γ-oryzanol. Furthermore, such a conspicuous impact was achievable by its administration once every 2 weeks. Besides the excellent impact on dysfunction of hypothalamus and pancreatic islets, Nano-Orz markedly decreased ER stress and inflammation in liver and adipose tissue. Collectively, nanotechnology-based developments of functional foods oriented toward γ-oryzanol shed light on the novel approach for the treatment of a variety of metabolic diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine and
| | - Chigusa Shimizu-Okabe
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Takayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kaku Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Asuka Kamei
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan, and
| | - Akihito Yasuoka
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan, and
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan, and
| | - Keiko Abe
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan, and
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Egashira
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- SENTAN Pharma Inc., Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine and
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Kozuka C, Kaname T, Shimizu-Okabe C, Takayama C, Tsutsui M, Matsushita M, Abe K, Masuzaki H. Impact of brown rice-specific γ-oryzanol on epigenetic modulation of dopamine D2 receptors in brain striatum in high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1502-1511. [PMID: 28528402 PMCID: PMC5491592 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Overeating of dietary fats causes obesity in humans and rodents. Recent studies in humans and rodents have demonstrated that addiction to fats shares a common mechanism with addiction to alcohol, nicotine and narcotics in terms of a dysfunction of brain reward systems. It has been highlighted that a high-fat diet (HFD) attenuates dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) signalling in the striatum, a pivotal regulator of the brain reward system, resulting in hedonic overeating. We previously reported that the brown rice-specific bioactive constituent γ-oryzanol attenuated the preference for an HFD via hypothalamic control. We therefore explored the possibility that γ-oryzanol would modulate functioning of the brain reward system in mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice fed an HFD were orally treated with γ-oryzanol, and striatal levels of molecules involved in D2R signalling were evaluated. The impact of γ-oryzanol on DNA methylation of the D2R promoter and subsequent changes in preferences for dietary fat was examined. In addition, the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), on food preference, D2R signalling and the levels of DNMTs in the striatum were investigated. The inhibitory effects of γ-oryzanol on the activity of DNMTs were enzymatically evaluated in vitro. RESULTS In striatum from mice fed an HFD, the production of D2Rs was decreased via an increase in DNA methylation of the promoter region of the D2R. Oral administration of γ-oryzanol decreased the expression and activity of DNMTs, thereby restoring the level of D2Rs in the striatum. Pharmacological inhibition of DNMTs by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine also ameliorated the preference for dietary fat. Consistent with these findings, enzymatic in vitro assays demonstrated that γ-oryzanol inhibited the activity of DNMTs. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We demonstrated that γ-oryzanol ameliorates HFD-induced DNA hypermethylation of the promoter region of D2R in the striatum of mice. Our experimental paradigm highlights γ-oryzanol as a promising antiobesity substance with the distinct property of being a novel epigenetic modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chigusa Shimizu-Okabe
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Takayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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Eating glutinous brown rice twice a day for 8 weeks improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e273. [PMID: 28481338 PMCID: PMC5518808 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We recently reported that eating glutinous brown rice (GBR) for 1 day improved the whole-day glucose profile and postprandial plasma glucose level compared with eating white rice (WR) or standard brown rice. However, it was unknown whether eating GBR could maintain improvement of glycemic control for a longer period. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of GBR intake for 8 weeks on glycemic control in outpatients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS This was an open-label randomized crossover study in outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Among the 18 subjects registered in this study, 2 were excluded from analysis. After a 1-week observation period while eating WR twice a day, the patients were randomly assigned to two groups. One group ate GBR as a staple food twice a day for 8 weeks and then switched to WR for the next 8 weeks, while the other group ate WR first and then switched to GBR. A mixed meal tolerance test was performed at baseline and after 8 and 16 weeks of dietary intervention to evaluate plasma glucose and serum C-peptide. RESULTS None of the subjects failed to complete the study because of disliking the taste of GBR. Hemoglobin A1c (7.5-7.2%, P=0.014) and glycoalbumin (20.4-19.4%, P=0.029) both decreased significantly when the patients were eating GBR. Additionally, the 30-min postprandial plasma glucose level (194-172 mg dl-1, P=0.031) and the incremental area under the concentration vs time curve of serum C-peptide (31.3-22.1 ng min ml-1, P=0.023) during the mixed meal tolerance test were also decreased significantly by intake of GBR. In contrast, there were no changes of glycemic control during the WR period. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that GBR was well tolerated for 8 weeks and improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Ishimaru Y, Kozuka C, Nakajima K, Sasaki T. Expanding frontiers in weight-control research explored by young investigators. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:83-95. [PMID: 27730500 PMCID: PMC5138253 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
At the 93rd annual meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan, a symposium entitled "Expanding frontiers in weight-control research explored by young investigators" was organized. The latest research on weight control was presented by young up-and-coming investigators. The symposium consisted of the following presentations: Gastrointestinal brush cells, immunity, and energy homeostasis; Impact of a brown rice-derived bioactive product on feeding regulation and fuel metabolism; A novel G protein-coupled receptor-regulated neuronal signaling pathway triggers sustained orexigenic effects; and NMDA receptor co-agonist D-serine regulates food preference. These four talks presented at the symposium were summarized as a series of short reviews in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Ishimaru
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling. Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
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Cabanting RMF, Perez LM. An ethnobotanical study of traditional rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.) used for medical treatment in selected local communities of the Philippines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:767-773. [PMID: 27742407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rice (Oryza sativa L.) remains as one the most important staple food of the Philippines with an overabundance of varieties and gastronomic use. Despite this, no published comprehensive ethnobotanical information exists for the exclusive subject on Philippine traditional rice varieties and their ethnomedicinal value. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify and collect traditional rice landrace with ethnomedicinal application from local communities of the Philippines; and document the application, traditional preparation and administration of these plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethnobotanical study was performed in nine areas distributed across four provinces: Palawan, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur and North Cotabato for a period of two years (2014-2015). A total of 39 key informants were identified and interviewed using semi-structured interviews and informal discussion. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze and organize the collected information from the surveys. RESULTS Nineteen (19) traditional rice were identified for the native treatment and control of 22 community health concerns. Predominant use of the plants collected were for the treatment of some types of nutritional disorders (18%), digestive system disorders (18%), ill-defined symptoms (13%); viral infections (13%); and several cultural diseases and disorders (11%). Grains were the most frequently used plant part and oral administration was the most preferred mode of treatment. CONCLUSION This study is the first to formally confirm that certain traditional rice have a role in the healthcare system of selected local communities in the Philippines. The novel findings open a paradigm for scientists towards therapeutic investigations and development of probable high value products from the highlighted landrace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mia F Cabanting
- Genetic Resources Division, Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) Central Experiment Station, Science City of Muñoz, 3119 Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
| | - Loida M Perez
- Genetic Resources Division, Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) Central Experiment Station, Science City of Muñoz, 3119 Nueva Ecija, Philippines
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Bojanowska E, Ciosek J. Can We Selectively Reduce Appetite for Energy-Dense Foods? An Overview of Pharmacological Strategies for Modification of Food Preference Behavior. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:118-42. [PMID: 26549651 PMCID: PMC4825944 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151109103147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive intake of food, especially palatable and energy-dense carbohydrates and fats, is
largely responsible for the growing incidence of obesity worldwide. Although there are a number of
candidate antiobesity drugs, only a few of them have been proven able to inhibit appetite for palatable
foods without the concurrent reduction in regular food consumption. In this review, we discuss the
interrelationships between homeostatic and hedonic food intake control mechanisms in promoting
overeating with palatable foods and assess the potential usefulness of systemically administered pharmaceuticals that
impinge on the endogenous cannabinoid, opioid, aminergic, cholinergic, and peptidergic systems in the modification of
food preference behavior. Also, certain dietary supplements with the potency to reduce specifically palatable food intake
are presented. Based on human and animal studies, we indicate the most promising therapies and agents that influence the
effectiveness of appetite-modifying drugs. It should be stressed, however, that most of the data included in our review
come from preclinical studies; therefore, further investigations aimed at confirming the effectiveness and safety of the
aforementioned medications in the treatment of obese humans are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bojanowska
- Department of Behavioral Pathophysiology, Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, 60 Narutowicza Street, 90-136 Lodz, Poland.
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Minatel IO, Francisqueti FV, Corrêa CR, Lima GPP. Antioxidant Activity of γ-Oryzanol: A Complex Network of Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1107. [PMID: 27517904 PMCID: PMC5000585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-oryzanol (Orz), a steryl ferulate extracted from rice bran layer, exerts a wide spectrum of biological activities. In addition to its antioxidant activity, Orz is often associated with cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic effects. In recent years, the usefulness of Orz has been studied for the treatment of metabolic diseases, as it acts to ameliorate insulin activity, cholesterol metabolism, and associated chronic inflammation. Previous studies have shown the direct action of Orz when downregulating the expression of genes that encode proteins related to adiposity (CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs)), inflammatory responses (nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)), and metabolic syndrome (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)). It is likely that this wide range of beneficial activities results from a complex network of interactions and signals triggered, and/or inhibited by its antioxidant properties. This review focuses on the significance of Orz in metabolic disorders, which feature remarkable oxidative imbalance, such as impaired glucose metabolism, obesity, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Otavio Minatel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil.
| | | | - Camila Renata Corrêa
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil.
| | - Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil.
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Devarajan S, Chatterjee B, Urata H, Zhang B, Ali A, Singh R, Ganapathy S. A Blend of Sesame and Rice Bran Oils Lowers Hyperglycemia and Improves the Lipids. Am J Med 2016; 129:731-9. [PMID: 27046245 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the health benefits of sesame oil and rice bran oil, the study was conducted to determine the extent to which the daily use of this blend of oils controls hyperglycemia and improves the lipid profile. METHODS In this 8-week open-label randomized dietary intervention study, 300 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 100 normoglycemic subjects were grouped as 1) normoglycemic subjects (n = 100) treated with sesame oil blend Vivo (Adani Wilmar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India), 2) type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with sesame oil blend (n = 100), 3) type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with glibenclamide (n = 100; 5 mg/d), and 4) type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated in combination of glibenclamide (5 mg/d) and sesame oil blend (n = 100). Twelve-hour fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile followed by postprandial blood glucose were measured at baseline. Sesame oil blend was supplied to the respective groups, who were instructed to use as cooking oil for 8 weeks. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose was measured at week 4 and week 8, while HbA1c and lipid profile were measured at week 8. RESULTS At week 4 and week 8, type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with sesame oil blend or glibenclamide or combination of glibenclamide and sesame oil blend showed significant reduction of fasting and postprandial blood glucose (P <.001). HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced (P <.001), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased at week 8 (P <.001) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with the sesame oil blend or combination of glibenclamide and sesame oil blend; whereas glibenclamide-alone-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed a significant reduction of HbA1c (P <.001) only. CONCLUSIONS A novel blend of 20% cold-pressed unrefined sesame oil and 80% physically refined rice bran oil as cooking oil, lowered hyperglycemia and improved the lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Devarajan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Japan.
| | | | - Hidenori Urata
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Japan
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
| | - Amanat Ali
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Hongsibson S, Sutan K, Kerdnoi T, Prapamonto T. γ-Oryzanol Content Screening in Local Brown Rice Samples from Chiang Mai, Thailand and Comparison Between Uncooked and Cooked Brown Rice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijar.2016.84.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chen MH, Bergman CJ. Vitamin E Homologs and γ-Oryzanol Levels in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) During Seed Development. Cereal Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-07-15-0152-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsuan Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, U.S.A. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer
| | - Christine J. Bergman
- Department of Food and Beverage, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, U.S.A
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Optimisation of microencapsulation of turmeric extract for masking flavour. Food Chem 2016; 194:695-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Srichamnong W, Thiyajai P, Charoenkiatkul S. Conventional steaming retains tocols and γ-oryzanol better than boiling and frying in the jasmine rice variety Khao dok mali 105. Food Chem 2016; 191:113-9. [PMID: 26258709 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various cooking methods on the white rice (WR), brown rice (BR) and parboiled geminated brown rice (PGBR) of the same variety, focusing on γ-oryzanol and tocols. The methods used for analysis of γ-oryzanol and tocols included solvent extraction and HPLC. The results indicated that PGBR had a higher content of γ-oryzanol and tocols compared to BR and WR, when different cooking methods (raw, steamed, boiled and fried) were used. Steaming method retained the higher γ-oryzanol content (53.6-62.2mg/100g) in both PGBR and BR, in comparison with boiling (53.0-60.6mg/100g) and frying (23.4-31.5mg/100g) methods. Frying reduced the γ-oryzanol content significantly regardless of the rice type. Regarding tocols, a similar trend was noticed in all the methods studied. Tocotrienol was the most abundant tocol found in PGBR and BR. Therefore, steaming is the best cooking method to preserved most of the bioactive compounds; however, a slight increase in total tocols was observed after frying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warangkana Srichamnong
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phuttamonton, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Parunya Thiyajai
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phuttamonton, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Somsri Charoenkiatkul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Phuttamonton, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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Butardo VM, Sreenivasulu N. Tailoring Grain Storage Reserves for a Healthier Rice Diet and its Comparative Status with Other Cereals. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 323:31-70. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Soaking Conditions Affect the Contents of Tocopherols, Tocotrienols, and γ-Oryzanol in Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Brown Rice. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kozuka C, Sunagawa S, Ueda R, Higa M, Ohshiro Y, Tanaka H, Shimizu-Okabe C, Takayama C, Matsushita M, Tsutsui M, Ishiuchi S, Nakata M, Yada T, Miyazaki JI, Oyadomari S, Shimabukuro M, Masuzaki H. A novel insulinotropic mechanism of whole grain-derived γ-oryzanol via the suppression of local dopamine D 2 receptor signalling in mouse islet. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4519-4534. [PMID: 26140534 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE γ-Oryzanol, derived from unrefined rice, attenuated the preference for dietary fat in mice, by decreasing hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, no peripheral mechanisms, whereby γ-oryzanol could ameliorate glucose dyshomeostasis were explored. Dopamine D2 receptor signalling locally attenuates insulin secretion in pancreatic islets, presumably via decreased levels of intracellular cAMP. We therefore hypothesized that γ-oryzanol would improve high-fat diet (HFD)-induced dysfunction of islets through the suppression of local D2 receptor signalling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Glucose metabolism and regulation of molecules involved in D2 receptor signalling in pancreatic islets were investigated in male C57BL/6J mice, fed HFD and treated with γ-oryzanol . In isolated murine islets and the beta cell line, MIN6 , the effects of γ-oryzanol on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was analysed using siRNA for D2 receptors and a variety of compounds which alter D2 receptor signalling. KEY RESULTS In islets, γ-oryzanol enhanced GSIS via the activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway. Expression of molecules involved in D2 receptor signalling was increased in islets from HFD-fed mice, which were reciprocally decreased by γ-oryzanol. Experiments with siRNA for D2 receptors and D2 receptor ligands in vitro suggest that γ-oryzanol suppressed D2 receptor signalling and augmented GSIS. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS γ-Oryzanol exhibited unique anti-diabetic properties. The unexpected effects of γ-oryzanol on D2 receptor signalling in islets may provide a novel; natural food-based, approach to anti-diabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisayo Kozuka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sumito Sunagawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Rei Ueda
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Moritake Higa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,The Diabetes and Life-Style Related Disease Center, Tomishiro Central Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ohshiro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Okinawa Daiichi Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Tanaka Clinic, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chigusa Shimizu-Okabe
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Takayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shogo Ishiuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakata
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Miyazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Cardio-Diabetes Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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