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Maleky F, Ahmadi L. Adhering to recommended dietary protein intake for optimizing human health benefits versus exceeding levels. RSC Adv 2025; 15:9230-9242. [PMID: 40134674 PMCID: PMC11936105 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra08221d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Proteins are essential nutrients that contribute to the structure of various cells and tissues in the body. Consuming adequate protein in our diet is crucial for optimal health and bodily function. This review article explores the role of dietary proteins by examining global consumption patterns and consumer perceptions of high-protein diets. It investigates recent research trends regarding the impact of proteins on human health and wellness across various countries and communities. The review analyzes key health outcomes associated with very high-protein diets, especially those exceeding recommended values. It includes the latest evidence on the influences of animal and plant proteins on health in different groups of participants. Furthermore, this manuscript delves into the scientific discussion surrounding the optimal amount of protein in the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Maleky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University 319 Parker Food Science and Technology Building, 2015 Fyffe Court Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Latifeh Ahmadi
- Brescia School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Science at Western University 1285 Western Rd. London ON Canada
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Abayomi J, Charnley M, Stone G, Lane K, Stevenson L, Davies I, Webb R. Editorial. Proc Nutr Soc 2025; 84:1-7. [PMID: 38240093 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional requirements of individuals vary across the lifecycle, according to activity, age and gender. To optimize human health, consideration of nutritional priorities at each stage is needed. This conference brought together multidisciplinary experts in maternal and child nutrition and health, cardiometabolic and plant-based nutrition and dietitians involved in the care of vulnerable populations, plus nutritional metabolism, health and ageing. The presentations highlighted the most important nutrition research in these areas, updating knowledge and suggesting how dietary advice and policy could be adapted to incorporate research findings. With the global increase in non-communicable disease (NCD) and nutrition being considered as a key modifiable risk factor for the prevention and management of NCD, this conference was much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Abayomi
- School of Medicine & Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, OrmskirkL39 4PQ, UK
| | - Margaret Charnley
- School of Health & Sport Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Genevieve Stone
- School of Medicine & Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, OrmskirkL39 4PQ, UK
| | - Katie Lane
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Leo Stevenson
- School of Health & Sport Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian Davies
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Webb
- School of Health & Sport Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
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Davies IG. Exploring high-protein diets in the context of cardiac rehabilitation. Proc Nutr Soc 2025; 84:75-86. [PMID: 37877360 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123004779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The review aims to explore the potential benefit and risk of high-protein diets (HPD) regarding the comorbidity of sarcopoenia and CVD in the setting of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). CR is standard care for individuals who have experienced a cardiac event, but the current practice of predominantly aerobic exercise, a lower-fat diet and weight loss poorly addresses the issue of sarcopoenia. HPD, especially when combined with resistance exercise (RE), may be valuable adjuncts to current CR practice and benefit both muscle and cardiovascular health. Meta-analyses and randomised controlled trials of HPD and CVD risk show beneficial but variable effects regarding weight loss, the lipid profile, insulin resistance and lean body mass in those living with or high risk of CVD. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies on hard CVD endpoints favour lower- and plant-protein diets over higher animal protein, but the evidence is inconsistent. HPD augment the strength and muscle gaining benefits of RE in older populations, but there are no published data in those living with CVD providing promising opportunities for CR research. HPD raise concern regarding renal and bone health, the microbiome, branched chain amino acids and environmental sustainability and findings suggest that plant-based HPD may confer ecological and overall health advantages compared to animal-based HPD. However, incorporating RE with HPD might alleviate certain health risks. In conclusion, a largely plant-based HPD is deemed favourable for CR when combined with RE, but further research regarding efficacy and safety in CR populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Student Life Building, Liverpool John Moores University, Copperas Hill, Liverpool L3 5LJ, UK
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Cho E, Kim S, Kim HJ, Cho B, Park JH, Kwon H, Kim JY, Go Y, Kang DG, Shin E, Lee S, Gil S, Kim H, Ahn J, Kim JY, Jung W, Go E. Effectiveness of a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet program for weight loss: a randomized controlled trial in South Korea. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1370737. [PMID: 39328464 PMCID: PMC11424548 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1370737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Weight-loss strategies through meal replacements are effective and sustainable options. However, few studies have assessed their effects on weight loss including body composition through protein-supplemented meal replacements targeting the Asian population, including Koreans. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet (PSVLCD) for weight reduction and changes in body composition in individuals with obesity over a 12-month long-term period. Methods In total, 106 participants with obesity were randomly assigned to a PSVLCD or control group (food-based calorie-restricted diet). Body weight, waist circumference, body composition, and blood marker levels were measured throughout the study. Statistical analyses were performed to compare outcomes between the groups. Results Among the 106 participants, 84 completed the 12-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that the mean weight loss from baseline to 12 months was -6.86 kg (8.21% of baseline weight) in the PSVLCD group and - 4.66 kg (5.47% of initial body weight) in the control group; the difference was -2.20 kg with a marginally significant interval (95% confidence interval [CI], -4.90; 0.50). Waist circumference (-8.35 cm vs. -4.85 cm; mean difference, -3.49 cm; 95% CI, -6.48 to -0.50) and visceral fat area (-28.28 cm2 vs. -13.26 cm2; mean difference, -15.03cm2; 95% CI, -29.01 to -1.04) also significantly decreased in the PSVLCD group at 12 months. Discussion The PSVLCD group demonstrated a substantial initial reduction in waist circumference that was sustained over the study period, alongside a marginally significant decrease in weight. These findings suggest that a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet may be an effective strategy for long-term weight management and body composition improvement in individuals with obesity. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identififer NCT04597788.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbyul Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohye Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jung Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuktae Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yumi Go
- Bionutrion, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eunyoung Shin
- Public Health Care Headquarters, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Siye Gil
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - WonJoo Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Go
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, He T, Hu Y, Gao C. Low-Carbohydrate Diet is More Helpful for Weight Loss Than Low-Fat Diet in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2997-3007. [PMID: 39145286 PMCID: PMC11322504 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s467719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This manuscript performed a meta-analysis to compare the effects of a low-fat diet (LFD) and a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) on body weight and lipid levels in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Patients and Methods PubMed and other databases were searched for the full-text literature comparing LFD and LCD up to November 2023 using a subject plus free word strategy, with search terms such as "low-fat diet", "low-carbohydrate diet", "obesity", "weight", "adolescents", "RCT", and so on. Two independent reviewers selected promising candidate trials, collected the data, and assessed the quality of the trials. RevMan 5.3 software was utilized to conduct a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were included. Results 5 RCTs with 192 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Weight (mean difference -2.81; 95% CI -5.38 to -0.25), Body Mass Index (BMI) (-1.13; 95% CI -2.14 to -0.11) and Triglyceride (TG) (-0.36; 95% CI -0.46 to -0.27) of the LCD were significantly lower than that of the LFD. At the same time, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels of the LCD were significantly higher than those of the LFD (0.08; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.12) (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), percent body fat, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion According to this study, LCD is more helpful in improving weight loss, HDL and TG. Thus, LCD may serve as an effective intervention for weight management in adolescents with overweight and obesity, although further research is needed to determine its long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Graduate School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting He
- Graduate School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Hu
- Graduate School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenlin Gao
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Pereira V, Barreiros-Mota I, Cortez F, Castela I, Teixeira D, Calhau C, Camila Dias C, Moreira-Rosário A, Silvestre MP. A randomized controlled trial of a weight loss maintenance program in adults with obesity: the WLM3P study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:694-702. [PMID: 38844671 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-024-01454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The escalating obesity epidemic necessitates effective, sustainable weight loss (WL) and maintenance strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Weight Loss Maintenance 3 Phases Program (WLM3P) in achieving a clinically significant long-term weight loss (WL) (≥5% initial WL at 18 months) in adults with obesity compared to a standard low-carbohydrate diet (LCD). SUBJECTS/METHODS In this two-phase trial, 112 participants targeting initial WL (0-6 months) and subsequent maintenance (7-18 months) were randomly assigned to either WLM3P or LCD groups. Outcomes assessed included change in body weight (kg, %), improvements in body composition, and metabolic profile. RESULTS Of 112 randomized participants, 69% (n = 77) completed the study. At 18 months, WL in the WLM3P group (n = 40) was 15.5 ± 8.3% compared to 9.6 ± 8.5% in the LCD group (n = 37) (p < 0.001). The odds ratio of achieving WL ≥ 10% and ≥15% were significantly higher in the WLM3P group. Complete-case analysis revealed significantly greater improvements in BMI, body fat mass, visceral fat area, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, HDL, and triglyceride/HDL ratio in WLM3P than in LCD. No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION Both programs effectively promoted clinically relevant WL and its maintenance. However, the WLM3P program was more successful in helping participants achieve greater WL targets of ≥10% and ≥15%, along with other clinical benefits, after an 18-month intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04192357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pereira
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nutrition Department Farmodiética, Farmodiética, 2785-723, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Barreiros-Mota
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Cortez
- Nutrition Department Farmodiética, Farmodiética, 2785-723, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Castela
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Teixeira
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Knowledge Management Unit, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira-Rosário
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marta P Silvestre
- NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NMS, FMC, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Anjom-Shoae J, Feinle-Bisset C, Horowitz M. Impacts of dietary animal and plant protein on weight and glycemic control in health, obesity and type 2 diabetes: friend or foe? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1412182. [PMID: 39145315 PMCID: PMC11321983 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1412182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well established that high-protein diets (i.e. ~25-30% of energy intake from protein) provide benefits for achieving weight loss, and subsequent weight maintenance, in individuals with obesity, and improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D). These effects may be attributable to the superior satiating property of protein, at least in part, through stimulation of both gastrointestinal (GI) mechanisms by protein, involving GI hormone release and slowing of gastric emptying, as well as post-absorptive mechanisms facilitated by circulating amino acids. In contrast, there is evidence that the beneficial effects of greater protein intake on body weight and glycemia may only be sustained for 6-12 months. While both suboptimal dietary compliance and metabolic adaptation, as well as substantial limitations in the design of longer-term studies are all likely to contribute to this contradiction, the source of dietary protein (i.e. animal vs. plant) has received inappropriately little attention. This issue has been highlighted by outcomes of recent epidemiological studies indicating that long-term consumption of animal-based protein may have adverse effects in relation to the development of obesity and T2D, while plant-based protein showed either protective or neutral effects. This review examines information relating to the effects of dietary protein on appetite, energy intake and postprandial glycemia, and the relevant GI functions, as reported in acute, intermediate- and long-term studies in humans. We also evaluate knowledge relating to the relevance of the dietary protein source, specifically animal or plant, to the prevention, and management, of obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Anjom-Shoae
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christine Feinle-Bisset
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Boeing H, Amini AM, Haardt J, Schmidt A, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Buyken AE, Egert S, Ellinger S, Kroke A, Lorkowski S, Louis S, Nimptsch K, Schulze MB, Schutkowski A, Schwingshackl L, Siener R, Zittermann A, Watzl B, Stangl GI. Dietary protein and blood pressure: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and evaluation of the evidence. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1041-1058. [PMID: 38376519 PMCID: PMC11139777 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This umbrella review aimed to investigate the evidence of an effect of dietary intake of total protein, animal and plant protein on blood pressure (BP), and hypertension (PROSPERO: CRD42018082395). METHODS PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Database were systematically searched for systematic reviews (SRs) of prospective studies with or without meta-analysis published between 05/2007 and 10/2022. The methodological quality and outcome-specific certainty of evidence were assessed by the AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade tools, followed by an assessment of the overall certainty of evidence. SRs investigating specific protein sources are described in this review, but not included in the assessment of the overall certainty of evidence. RESULTS Sixteen SRs were considered eligible for the umbrella review. Ten of the SRs investigated total protein intake, six animal protein, six plant protein and four animal vs. plant protein. The majority of the SRs reported no associations or effects of total, animal and plant protein on BP (all "possible" evidence), whereby the uncertainty regarding the effects on BP was particularly high for plant protein. Two SRs addressing milk-derived protein showed a reduction in BP; in contrast, SRs investigating soy protein found no effect on BP. The outcome-specific certainty of evidence of the SRs was mostly rated as low. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This umbrella review showed uncertainties whether there are any effects on BP from the intake of total protein, or animal or plant proteins, specifically. Based on data from two SRs with milk protein, it cannot be excluded that certain types of protein could favourably influence BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology (closed), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anna M Amini
- German Nutrition Society, Godesberger Allee 136, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Julia Haardt
- German Nutrition Society, Godesberger Allee 136, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annemarie Schmidt
- German Nutrition Society, Godesberger Allee 136, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, and City Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Ellinger
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Kroke
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandrine Louis
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schutkowski
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roswitha Siener
- Department of Urology, University Stone Center, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein Westfalen, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Long Y, Huang L, Su J, Yoshida Y, Feng K, Gasparatos A. Mixed diets can meet nutrient requirements with lower carbon footprints. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh1077. [PMID: 38598638 PMCID: PMC11006225 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Achieving sustainable dietary change is essential for safeguarding human and environmental health. However, dietary recommendations based on broad food groups may not accurately reflect real-world realities because individuals select and consume dishes with multiple food items influenced by diverse context-specific factors. Therefore, here we explored the sustainability trade-offs of dietary choices at the dish level through an optimization modeling approach tested in Japan. We estimated the nutritional quality, price, and carbon footprint of major Japanese dishes and examined 16 dietary scenarios to identify options that meet the nutritional requirements and minimize carbon footprint. Overall, mixed diets contain more combinations of dishes that meet nutritional requirements with lower carbon footprints compared to more restrictive dietary scenarios. We argue that the approach developed here enables a better understanding of dietary trade-offs, complements existing methods, and helps identify sustainable diets by offering nuanced information at the national and sub-national levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Long
- Department of Technology Management for Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Liqiao Huang
- Department of Technology Management for Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jie Su
- Institute for Future Initiatives (IFI), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Yoshida
- Department of Technology Management for Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuishuang Feng
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Alexandros Gasparatos
- Institute for Future Initiatives (IFI), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, 113-8654 Tokyo, Japan
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Skurk T, Bosy-Westphal A, Grünerbel A, Kabisch S, Keuthage W, Kronsbein P, Müssig K, Nussbaumer H, Pfeiffer AFH, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Rubin D. Dietary Recommendations for Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2024; 132:182-215. [PMID: 38286422 DOI: 10.1055/a-2166-6772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kabisch
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Winfried Keuthage
- Specialist Practice for Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach Campus, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Diabetology, Niels Stensen Hospitals, Franziskus Hospital Harderberg, Georgsmarienhütte, Germany
| | | | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Astrid Tombek
- Diabetes Centre Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Katharina S Weber
- Institute for Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany
- Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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Onofrei LM, Puiu M, Chirita-Emandi A, Serban CL. A comprehensive analysis concerning eating behavior associated with chronic diseases among Romanian community nurses. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1368069. [PMID: 38577280 PMCID: PMC10991806 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1368069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lifestyle factors, including inadequate eating patterns, emerge as a critical determinant of chronic disease. Apart from caring for patients, nurses should also take an active role in monitoring and managing their own health. Understanding the intricate relationship between nurses' eating behavior and managing their own health is crucial for fostering a holistic approach to healthcare, therefore our study aimed to evaluate eating behavior and demographic factors influencing chronic disease prevalence in a sample of community nurses from Romania. Methods Between October-November 2023, 1920 community nurses were invited to answer an online survey, using an advertisement in their professional network. Of them, 788 responded. In the survey, which included a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with 53 food items, the Intuitive Eating Survey 2 (IES-2), and demographic items were used. Results A multivariate model was built for the prediction of the association between eating behavior and other factors associated with chronic diseases. The majority of participants were females (95.1%), with the largest age group falling between 40 and 49.9 years (48.2%). Regarding the EFSA criteria for adequate carbohydrate and fat intake, 20.2% of the group have a high intake of carbohydrates, respectively, 43.4% of the group have a high intake of fat. Analysis of chronic diseases indicated that 24.9% of individuals reported at least one diagnosis by a physician. The presence of chronic disease was associated with a low level of perceived health status, with an OR = 3.388, 95%CI (1.684-6.814), compared to those reporting excellent or very good perceived health status. High stress had an OR = 1.483, 95%CI (1.033-2.129). BMI had an OR = 1.069, 95%CI (1.032-1.108), while low carbohydrate diet score had an OR = 0.956, 95%CI (0.920-0.992). Gender and IES-2 did not significantly contribute to the model, but their effect was controlled. Discussion By unraveling the intricate interplay between nutrition, lifestyle, and health outcomes in this healthcare cohort, our findings contribute valuable insights for the development of targeted interventions and support programs tailored to enhance the well-being of community nurses and, by extension, the patients they support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia-Manuela Onofrei
- Department of Microscopic Morphology Genetics Discipline, Center of Genomic Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Puiu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology Genetics Discipline, Center of Genomic Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timis, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, part of ERN ITHACA, Timisoara, Timis, Romania
| | - Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Department of Microscopic Morphology Genetics Discipline, Center of Genomic Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timis, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, part of ERN ITHACA, Timisoara, Timis, Romania
| | - Costela Lacrimioara Serban
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timis, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu”, part of ERN ITHACA, Timisoara, Timis, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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12
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Hawley AL, Baum JI. Nutrition as the foundation for successful aging: a focus on dietary protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:389-406. [PMID: 37319363 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a critical role throughout the aging process. People living with sarcopenia, a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, often experience diminished quality of life, which can be attributed to a long period of decline and disability. Therefore, it is important to identify modifiable factors that preserve skeletal muscle and promote successful aging (SA). In this review, SA was defined as (1) low cardiometabolic risk, (2) preservation of physical function, and (3) positive state of wellbeing, with nutrition as an integral component. Several studies identify nutrition, specifically high-quality protein (eg, containing all essential amino acids), and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as positive regulators of SA. Recently, an additive anabolic effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs has been identified in skeletal muscle of older adults. Evidence further suggests that the additive effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs may project beyond skeletal muscle anabolism and promote SA. The key mechanism(s) behind the enhanced effects of intake of protein and n-3 PUFAs needs to be defined. The first objective of this review is to evaluate skeletal muscle as a driver of cardiometabolic health, physical function, and wellbeing to promote SA. The second objective is to examine observational and interventional evidence of protein and n-3 PUFAs on skeletal muscle to promote SA. The final objective is to propose mechanisms by which combined optimal intake of high-quality protein and n-3 PUFAs likely play a key role in SA. Current evidence suggests that increased intake of protein above the Recommended Dietary Allowance and n-3 PUFAs above the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations for late middle-aged and older adults is required to maintain skeletal muscle mass and to promote SA, potentially through the mechanistical target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubree L Hawley
- School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jamie I Baum
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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13
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Ellinger S, Amini AM, Haardt J, Lehmann A, Schmidt A, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Buyken AE, Kroke A, Kühn T, Louis S, Lorkowski S, Nimptsch K, Schulze MB, Schwingshackl L, Siener R, Stangl GI, Volkert D, Zittermann A, Watzl B, Egert S. Protein intake and body weight, fat mass and waist circumference: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline on protein intake of the German Nutrition Society. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:3-32. [PMID: 37794213 PMCID: PMC10799103 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This umbrella review aimed to assess whether dietary protein intake with regard to quantitative (higher vs. lower dietary protein intake) and qualitative considerations (total, plant-based or animal-based protein intake) affects body weight (BW), fat mass (FM) and waist circumference (WC). METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews (SRs) with and without meta-analyses of prospective studies published between 04 October 2007 and 04 January 2022. Methodological quality and outcome-specific certainty of evidence of the retrieved SRs were assessed by using AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade, respectively, in order to rate the overall certainty of evidence using predefined criteria. RESULTS Thirty-three SRs were included in this umbrella review; 29 were based on randomised controlled trials, a few included cohort studies. In studies without energy restriction, a high-protein diet did not modulate BW, FM and WC in adults in general (all "possible" evidence); for older adults, overall certainty of evidence was "insufficient" for all parameters. Under hypoenergetic diets, a high-protein diet mostly decreased BW and FM, but evidence was "insufficient" due to low methodological quality. Evidence regarding an influence of the protein type on BW, FM and WC was "insufficient". CONCLUSION "Possible" evidence exists that the amount of protein does not affect BW, FM and WC in adults under isoenergetic conditions. Its impact on the reduction in BW and FM under hypoenergetic conditions remains unclear; evidence for an influence of protein type on BW, FM and WC is "insufficient".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ellinger
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Human Nutrition, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166a, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Department of Aging Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- City Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anette E Buyken
- Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Anja Kroke
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- The Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandrine Louis
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition, Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roswitha Siener
- Department of Urology, University Stone Center, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dorothee Volkert
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Liu B, Hu Y, Rai SK, Wang M, Hu FB, Sun Q. Low-Carbohydrate Diet Macronutrient Quality and Weight Change. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2349552. [PMID: 38150249 PMCID: PMC10753393 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The associations of low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) with long-term weight management remains unclear, and the source and quality of macronutrients within LCDs are less explored. Objectives To prospectively examine associations between changes in LCD indices and weight change among US adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study included initially healthy participants at baseline from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1986-2010), Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII; 1991-2015), and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; 1986-2018). Data analysis was performed between November 2022 and April 2023. Exposures Five LCD indices were examined: (1) a total LCD (TLCD) emphasizing overall lower carbohydrate intake; (2) an animal-based LCD (ALCD) that emphasized animal-sourced protein and fat; (3) a vegetable-based LCD (VLCD) that emphasized plant-sourced protein and fat; (4) a healthy LCD (HLCD) emphasizing less refined carbohydrates, more plant protein, and healthy fat; and (5) an unhealthy LCD (ULCD) emphasizing less healthful carbohydrates, more animal protein, and unhealthy fat. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome of interest was 4-year changes in self-reported body weight. Results A total of 123 332 participants (mean [SD] age, 45.0 [9.7] years; 103 320 [83.8%] female) were included in this study. The median carbohydrate intake (as a percentage of energy) of the highest quintiles of TLCD score at baseline ranged from 38.3% in HPFS to 40.9% in NHSII. Mean weight gain over 4-year intervals among participants varied from 0.8 kg in the HPFS to 1.8 kg in the NHSII. After adjusting for demographics and baseline and concomitant changes of selected lifestyle factors, each 1-SD increase in TLCD score was associated with 0.06 (95% CI, 0.04-0.08) kg more weight gain over the 4-year periods. Similarly, participants gained 0.13 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.14) kg per each 1-SD increase in ALCD score and 0.39 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.40) kg per each 1-SD change in ULCD score. In contrast, each 1-SD increase in VLCD score was associated with 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.04) kg less weight gain, and each 1-SD increase in HLCD score was associated with 0.36 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.38) kg less weight gain. The associations were more pronounced among obese individuals (per 1-SD increase in HLCD score: BMI ≥30, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.80, 0.97] kg less weight gain; BMI <25, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.20, 0.26] kg less weight gain; P for interaction < .001). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that the quality of LCDs may play a critical role in modulating long-term weight change. Only LCDs that emphasized high-quality protein, fat, and carbohydrates from whole grains and other plant-based foods were associated with less weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binkai Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sharan K. Rai
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Mantzouranis E, Kakargia E, Kakargias F, Lazaros G, Tsioufis K. The Impact of High Protein Diets on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:1372. [PMID: 36986102 PMCID: PMC10058321 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High protein diets have gained increased popularity as a means of losing weight, increasing muscle mass and strength, and improving cardiometabolic parameters. Only a few meta-analyses have addressed their impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and failed to show any significant associations without applying strict values to define high protein intake. Due to the conflicting research background, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of high protein diets compared to normal protein consumption on cardiovascular outcomes in adults without established cardiovascular disease. Fourteen prospective cohort studies were included. A total of 6 studies, including 221,583 participants, reported data about cardiovascular death, without showing a statistically significant difference in the random effect model (odds ratio: 0.94; confidence interval: 0.60-1.46; I2 = 98%; p = 0.77). Analysis of three studies, which included 90,231 participants showed that a high protein diet was not associated with a lower risk of stroke (odds ratio: 1.02; confidence interval: 0.94-1.10; I2 = 0%; p = 0.66). Regarding the secondary outcome of non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death, 13 studies that included 525,047 participants showed no statistically significant difference (odds ratio; 0.87; confidence interval: 0.70-1.07; I2 = 97%; p = 0.19). In conclusion, according to our study results, high protein consumption does not affect cardiovascular prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Mantzouranis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Kakargia
- Internal Medicine Clinic, 401 General Military Hospital, 115 25 Athens, Greece
| | - Fotis Kakargias
- Internal Medicine Clinic, 401 General Military Hospital, 115 25 Athens, Greece
| | - George Lazaros
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- 1st Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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Joshi S, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Chauveau P, Carrero JJ. Risks and Benefits of Different Dietary Patterns in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2023; 81:352-360. [PMID: 36682903 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Food has the potential to cause and exacerbate many lifestyle diseases. Or it can be used to prevent and treat illnesses like primary hypertension, the metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. In parallel, there is also a growing body of evidence of the role of diet in the treatment of kidney disease and its ensuing complications. Popular diets for this purpose have included low-carbohydrate diets, including the ketogenic diet, and higher carbohydrate diets like Mediterranean diets and other plant-based dietary patterns. Low-carbohydrate diets have not shown harm in patients with kidney disease and may benefit a select few. Mediterranean diets have an established record of cardioprotective benefits but also may be beneficial for the kidney. Intermittent fasting has benefits for metabolic health, but limited research exists on the risk or benefit for patients with kidney disease. Plant-based diets, especially those that are lower in protein, may slow kidney disease progression, mitigate uremia, and delay dialysis initiation. Although each dietary pattern has its unique pros and cons, most healthful dietary patterns favor the inclusion of whole, unprocessed foods, preferably from plant-based sources. In this perspective, we discuss the risks and benefits of major popular diets to help guide health care professionals in treating patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue, New York, New York.
| | | | | | - Juan Jesus Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Tronieri JS, Nadolsky K, Agarwal M. Combined lifestyle interventions. VISCERAL AND ECTOPIC FAT 2023:333-351. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822186-0.00021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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18
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Hemler EC, Bromage S, Tadesse AW, Zack R, Berhane Y, Canavan CR, Fawzi WW, Willett WC. Associations of percentage energy intake from total, animal and plant protein with overweight/obesity and underweight among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:3107-3120. [PMID: 35570670 PMCID: PMC9991810 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated associations between types and food sources of protein with overweight/obesity and underweight in Ethiopia. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional dietary survey using a non-quantitative FFQ. Linear regression models were used to assess associations between percentage energy intake from total, animal and plant protein and BMI. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of percentage energy intake from total, animal and plant protein and specific protein food sources with underweight and overweight/obesity. SETTING Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS 1624 Ethiopian adults (992 women and 632 men) aged 18-49 years in selected households sampled using multi-stage random sampling from five sub-cities of Addis Ababa. RESULTS Of the surveyed adults, 31 % were overweight or obese. The majority of energy intake was from carbohydrate with only 3 % from animal protein. In multivariable-adjusted linear models, BMI was not associated with percentage energy from total, plant or animal protein. Total and animal protein intake were both associated with lower odds of overweight/obesity (OR per 1 % energy increment of total protein 0·92; 95 % CI: 0·86, 0·99; P = 0·02; OR per 1 % energy increment of animal protein 0·89; 95 % CI: 0·82, 0·96; P = 0·004) when substituted for carbohydrate and adjusted for socio-demographic covariates. CONCLUSION Increasing proportion of energy intake from total protein or animal protein in place of carbohydrate could be a strategy to address overweight and obesity in Addis Ababa; longitudinal studies are needed to further examine this potential association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena C Hemler
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02120, USA
| | - Sabri Bromage
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amare Worku Tadesse
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rachel Zack
- The Greater Boston Food Bank, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Chelsey R Canavan
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02120, USA
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02120, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Abuhijleh H, Alkhatib D, Ganji V. Hypovitaminosis D and Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102026. [PMID: 36292473 PMCID: PMC9602081 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) is a precursor for several cardiometabolic diseases. The prevalence of MetSyn is higher in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. The role of vitamin D in postmenopausal women is not clearly understood. Hypovitaminosis D is more prevalent in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. For this review, Pubmed, Cochrane, SCOPUS, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to August 2022. Findings from one randomized controlled trial (RCT) and ten cross-sectional studies were included in this review. Several cross-sectional studies (8 out of 10 reviewed) unequivocally demonstrated an inverse association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and MetSyn. However, RCTs are severely lacking in the effect of vitamin D intake on the biomarkers of MetSyn and the prevalence of MetSyn. Therefore, caution should be used in recommending mega doses of vitamin D supplements for postmenopausal women because of the potential adverse effects associated with this vitamer.
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Nakamura Y, Tamura T, Narita A, Shimizu A, Sutoh Y, Takashima N, Matsui K, Miyagawa N, Kadota A, Miura K, Otonari J, Ikezaki H, Hishida A, Nagayoshi M, Okada R, Kubo Y, Tanaka K, Shimanoe C, Ibusuki R, Nishimoto D, Oze I, Ito H, Ozaki E, Matsui D, Mikami H, Kusakabe M, Suzuki S, Watanabe M, Arisawa K, Katsuura-Kamano S, Kuriki K, Nakatochi M, Momozawa Y, Kubo M, Takeuchi K, Wakai K. A genome-wide association study on adherence to low-carbohydrate diets in Japanese. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1103-1110. [PMID: 35132194 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) are useful for weight reduction, and 50-55% carbohydrate consumption is associated with minimal risk. Genetic differences were related to nutritional consumption, food preferences, and dietary patterns, but whether particular genetic differences in individuals influence LCD adherence is unknown. SUBJECTS/METHODS We conducted a GWAS on adherence to LCD utilizing 14,076 participants from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort study. We used a previously validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire to estimate food consumption. Association of the imputed variants with the LCD score by Halton et al. we used linear regression analysis adjusting for sex, age, total dietary energy consumption, and components 1 to 10 by principal component analysis. We repeated the analysis with adjustment for alcohol consumption (g/day) in addition to the above-described variables. RESULTS Men and women combined analysis without adjustment for alcohol consumption; we found 395 variants on chromosome 12 associated with the LCD score having P values <5 × 10-8. A conditional analysis with the addition of the dosage data of rs671 on chromosome 12 as a covariate, P values for all 395 SNPs on chromosome 12 turned out to be insignificant. In the analysis with additional adjustment for alcohol consumption, we did not identify any SNPs associated with the LCD score. CONCLUSION We found rs671 was inversely associated with adherence to LCD, but that was strongly confounded by alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan. .,Yamashina Racto Clinic and Medical Examination Center, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Narita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan.,Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sutoh
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Division of Bioethics and Healthcare Law, The National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Jun Otonari
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of Comprehensive General Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mako Nagayoshi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rieko Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoko Kubo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Rie Ibusuki
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisaku Nishimoto
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Etsuko Ozaki
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsui
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruo Mikami
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miho Kusakabe
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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21
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Handu D, Piemonte T. Dietary Approaches and Health Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:1375-1393.e9. [PMID: 35577747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate diet can prevent, manage, or reverse noncommunicable health conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Consequently, the public's interest in diet and nutrition has fueled the multi-billion-dollar weight loss industry and elevated its standing on social media and the internet. Although many dietary approaches are popular, their universal effectiveness and risks across overall populations are not clear. The objective of this scoping review was to identify and characterize systematic reviews (SRs) examining diet or fasting (intermittent energy restriction [IER]) interventions among adults who are healthy or may have chronic disease. An in-depth literature search of six databases was conducted for SRs published between January 2010 and February 2020. A total of 22,385 SRs were retrieved, and 1,017 full-text articles were screened for eligibility. Of these, 92 SRs met inclusion criteria. Covered diets were organized into 12 categories: high/restricted carbohydrate (n = 30), Mediterranean, Nordic, and Tibetan (n = 19), restricted or modified fat (n = 17), various vegetarian diets (n = 16), glycemic index (n = 13), high protein (n = 12), IER (n = 11), meal replacements (n = 11), paleolithic (n = 8), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypretension (DASH; n = 6), Atkins, South Beach, and Zone (n = 5), and eight other brand diets (n = 4). Intermediate outcomes, such as body weight or composition and cardiometabolic, were commonly reported. Abundant evidence was found exploring dietary approaches in the general population. However, heterogeneity of diet definitions, focus on single macronutrients, and infrequent macronutrient subanalyses were observed. Based on this scoping review, the Evidence Analysis Center prioritized the need to collate evidence related to macronutrient modification, specifically restricted carbohydrate diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Handu
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Center, Chicago, IL.
| | - Tami Piemonte
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Center, Chicago, IL
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22
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Wan Z, Shan Z, Geng T, Lu Q, Li L, Yin J, Liu L, Pan A, Liu G. Associations of Moderate Low-Carbohydrate Diets With Mortality Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2702-e2709. [PMID: 35429400 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A statement of context for the abstract was added in Objective as follows: Lower-carbohydrate-diet (LCD) has been reported to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factor profile in general population. However, whether adherence to an LCD could benefit long-term survival among individuals with diabetes is unclear. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate the associations of different types of lower-carbohydrate diets with mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS This prospective study included 5677 patients with T2D. The overall, unhealthy, and healthy lower-carbohydrate-diet (LCD) scores were calculated based on the percentage of energy from total and subtypes of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Deaths were determined via linkage to the National Death Index records until December 31, 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of mortality. RESULTS During a median of 6.3 years of follow-up (39 401 person-years), 1432 deaths were documented. After multivariable adjustment including lifestyle factors, diabetes duration, and glycated hemoglobin A1c, patients in the third quartile of overall LCD score had the lowest risk of mortality (HR: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.85), compared with the first quartile. The multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of mortality across quartiles of healthy lower-carbohydrate-diet score were 1.00 (reference), 0.78 (0.64-0.96), 0.73 (0.58-0.91), and 0.74 (0.58-0.95) (Ptrend = .01). Isocalorically replacing 2% of energy from carbohydrates with plant-based protein or polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with 23% to approximately 37% lower total mortality. Similar results were observed when analyses were stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, and diabetes duration. CONCLUSION Healthy LCD score was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality in adults with T2D. Adherence to a well-balanced moderate lower-carbohydrate diet that emphasizes healthy carbohydrates, plant-based protein, and polyunsaturated fat may prevent premature death among patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030Wuhan, China
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030Wuhan, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030Wuhan, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030Wuhan, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030Wuhan, China
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23
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Ketogenic and Modified Mediterranean Diet as a Tool to Counteract Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis: Nutritional Suggestions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122384. [PMID: 35745113 PMCID: PMC9229939 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic Diet is a nutritional pattern often used as dietotherapy in inflammatory diseases, including neurological disorders. Applied on epileptic children since 1920, in recent years it has been taken into account again as a tool to both reduce inflammatory burdens and ameliorate the nutritional status of patients affected by different pathologies. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an immune-mediated neuro-inflammatory disease and diet is a possible factor in its pathogenesis. The aim of this work is to investigate the main potential targets of MS-related impairments, in particular the cognitive deficits, focusing on the alteration of biomarkers such as the Brain Derived-Neurotrophic Factor and the Tryptophan/Kynurenine ratio that could play a role on neuroprotection and thus on MS progression. Furthermore, we here propose nutritional suggestions which are useful in the development of a ketogenic diet protocol that takes advantage of the anti-inflammatory properties of low-carbohydrate foods from the Mediterranean diet to be applied to subjects with MS. In conclusion, this approach will allow one to develop the ketogenic diet combined with a modified Mediterranean diet as a possible tool to improve neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis.
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24
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Griffen C, Renshaw D, Duncan M, Weickert MO, Hattersley J. Changes in 24-h energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and body composition following resistance exercise and a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation in healthy older men. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15268. [PMID: 37815091 PMCID: PMC9332127 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate changes in 24-h energy expenditure (EE), substrate oxidation, and body composition following resistance exercise (RE) and a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation (alone and combined) in healthy older men. METHODS In a pooled groups analysis, 33 healthy older men [(mean ± SE) age: 67 ± 1 years; BMI: 25.4 ± 0.4 kg/m2] were randomized to either RE (2×/week; n = 17) or non-exercise (n = 16) and either a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation (PRO, 2 × 25 g whey protein isolate/d; n = 17) or control (CON, 2 × 23.75 g maltodextrin/d; n = 16). An exploratory sub-analysis was also conducted between RE+CON (n = 8) and RE+PRO (n = 9). At baseline and 12 weeks, participants resided in respiration chambers for measurement of 24-h EE and substrate oxidation and wore an accelerometer for 7 days for estimation of free-living EE. RESULTS Resistance exercise resulted in greater increases in fat-free mass (1.0 ± 0.3 kg), resting metabolic rate [(RMR) 36 ± 14 kcal/d], sedentary EE (60 ± 33 kcal/d), and sleeping metabolic rate [(SMR) 45 ± 7 kcal/d] compared to non-exercise (p < 0.05); however, RE decreased activity energy expenditure in free-living (-90 ± 25 kcal/d; p = 0.049) and non-exercise activity inside the respiration chamber (-1.9 ± 1.1%; p = 0.049). PRO decreased fat mass [(FM) -0.5 ± 0.3 kg], increased overnight protein oxidation (30 ± 6 g/d), and decreased 24-h protein balance (-20 ± 4 g/d) greater than CON (p < 0.05). RE+PRO decreased FM (-1.0 ± 0.5 kg) greater than RE+CON (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Resistance exercise significantly increased RMR, SMR, and sedentary EE in healthy older men, but not total EE. PRO alone and combined with RE decreased FM and aided body weight maintenance. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03299972.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin Griffen
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Human Metabolism Research UnitUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Michael Duncan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - John Hattersley
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Human Metabolism Research UnitUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
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25
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Jabbour J, Rihawi Y, Khamis AM, Ghamlouche L, Tabban B, Safadi G, Hammad N, Hadla R, Zeidan M, Andari D, Azar RN, Nasser N, Chakhtoura M. Long Term Weight Loss Diets and Obesity Indices: Results of a Network Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:821096. [PMID: 35479754 PMCID: PMC9037142 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.821096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scientists have been investigating efficient interventions to prevent and manage obesity. This network meta-analysis (NMA) compared the effect of different diets [moderate macronutrients (MMs), low fat/high carbohydrate (LFHC), high fat/low carbohydrate (HFLC), and usual diet (UD)] on weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) changes at ≥12 months. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, PubMed databases, and the Cochrane Library. We systematically assessed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating dietary interventions on adults (mean BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) receiving active dietary counseling for ≥12 months. We pooled the data using a random-effect NMA. We assessed the quality of the included RCTs using the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) tool. Results We included 36 trials, 14 of which compared HFLC with MM diets. Compared with UD, all diets were associated with a significant weight loss (WL) at ≥12 months, HFLC [mean difference in kg (95% CI): −5.5 (−7.6; −3.4)], LFHC [−5.0 (−7.1; −2.9)] and MM [−4.7 (−6.8; −2.7)]. HFLC, compared with MM diet, was associated with a slightly higher WL (of −0.77 kg) and drop in BMI (of −0.36 kg/m2), while no significant difference was detected in other dietary comparisons. WC was lower with all diets compared to UD, with no significant difference across specific diets. There was no significant interaction of the results with the pre-specified sub-groups. The ROB was moderate to high, mostly related to unclear allocation concealment, high dropout rate and unclear or lack of blinding of participants, providers, and outcome assessors. Conclusion Dietary interventions extending over ≥12 months are superior to UD in inducing weight, BMI and WC loss. HFLC might be associated with a slightly higher WL compared with MM diets. Systematic Trial Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=103116, PROSPERO (CRD42018103116).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jabbour
- Nutrition Department, School of Health Sciences, Modern University for Business and Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yasmin Rihawi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assem M Khamis
- York Medical School, University of Hull, York, United Kingdom
| | - Layal Ghamlouche
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Research & Programmes Department, Qualisus Consulting, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Bayan Tabban
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gloria Safadi
- Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour Hammad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ruba Hadla
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwa Zeidan
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana Andari
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Riwa Nour Azar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,The European School of Management and Technology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Nasser
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Access to Nutrition Initiative, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marlene Chakhtoura
- Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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26
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Thams L, Stounbjerg NG, Hvid LG, Mølgaard C, Hansen M, Damsgaard CT. Effects of high dairy protein intake and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in 6-8-y-old children-the D-pro trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1080-1091. [PMID: 35015806 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that prevention of lifestyle diseases should begin early. Dairy protein and vitamin D can affect body composition and cardiometabolic markers, yet evidence among well-nourished children is sparse. OBJECTIVES We investigated combined and separate effects of high dairy protein intake and vitamin D on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in children. METHODS In a 2 × 2-factorial, randomized trial, 200 white, Danish, 6-8-y-old children substituted 260 g/d dairy in their diet with high-protein (HP; 10 g protein/100 g) or normal-protein (NP; 3.5 g protein/100 g) yogurt and received blinded tablets with 20 µg/d vitamin D3 or placebo for 24 wk during winter. We measured body composition (by DXA), blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and lipids. RESULTS In total, 184 children (92%) completed the study. Baseline median (25th-75th percentile) dairy protein intake was median: 3.7 (25th-75th percentile: 2.5-5.1) energy percentage (E%) and increased to median: 7.2 (25th-75th percentile: 4.7-8.8) E% and median: 4.2 (25th-75th percentile: 3.1-5.3) E% with HP and NP. Mean ± SD serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration changed from 81 ± 17 to 89 ± 18 nmol/L and 48 ± 13 nmol/L with vitamin D and placebo, respectively. There were no combined effects of dairy protein and vitamin D, except for plasma glucose, with the largest increase in the NP-vitamin D group (Pinteraction = 0.005). There were smaller increases in fat mass index (P = 0.04) with HP than with NP, and the same pattern was seen for insulin, HOMA-IR, and C-peptide (all P = 0.06). LDL cholesterol was reduced with vitamin D compared with placebo (P < 0.05). Fat-free mass and blood pressure were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS High compared with normal dairy protein intake hampered an increase in fat mass index. Vitamin D supplementation counteracted the winter decline in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the increase in LDL cholesterol observed with placebo. This study adds to the sparse evidence on dairy protein in well-nourished children and supports a vitamin D intake of ∼20 µg/d during winter. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03956732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Thams
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nanna G Stounbjerg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars G Hvid
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Mølgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Hansen
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla T Damsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Skurk T, Bosy-Westphal A, Grünerbel A, Kabisch S, Keuthage W, Kronsbein P, Müssig K, Pfeiffer AFH, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Rubin D. Dietary recommendations for persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 130:S151-S184. [PMID: 35359013 DOI: 10.1055/a-1624-5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute for Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kabisch
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Winfried Keuthage
- Focus Practice for Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Kronsbein
- Department of Ecotrophology, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Mönchengladbach Campus, Germany
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Diabetology, Niels Stensen Hospitals, Franziskus Hospital Harderberg, Georgsmarienhütte, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutritional Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Katharina S Weber
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany.,Vivantes Humboldt Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Lim JJ, Liu Y, Lu LW, Barnett D, Sequeira IR, Poppitt SD. Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8-Week Low-Energy Diet (LED) Intervention. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030538. [PMID: 35276894 PMCID: PMC8838013 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both higher protein (HP) and lower carbohydrate (LC) diets may promote satiety and enhance body weight (BW) loss. This study investigated whether HP can promote these outcomes independent of carbohydrate (CHO) content. 121 women with obesity (BW: 95.1 ± 13.0 kg, BMI: 35.4 ± 3.9 kg/m2) were randomised to either HP (1.2 g/kg BW) or normal protein (NP, 0.8 g/kg BW) diets, in combination with either LC (28 en%) or normal CHO (NC, 40 en%) diets. A low-energy diet partial diet replacement (LEDpdr) regime was used for 8 weeks, where participants consumed fixed-energy meal replacements plus one ad libitum meal daily. Four-day dietary records showed that daily energy intake (EI) was similar between groups (p = 0.744), but the difference in protein and CHO between groups was lower than expected. Following multiple imputation (completion rate 77%), decrease in mean BW, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) at Week 8 in all was 7.5 ± 0.7 kg (p < 0.001), 5.7 ± 0.5 kg (p < 0.001), and 1.4 ± 0.7 kg (p = 0.054) respectively, but with no significant difference between diet groups. LC (CHO×Week, p < 0.05), but not HP, significantly promoted postprandial satiety during a preload challenge. Improvements in blood biomarkers were unrelated to LEDpdr macronutrient composition. In conclusion, HP did not promote satiety and BW loss compared to NP LEDpdr, irrespective of CHO content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jiet Lim
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (Y.L.); (L.W.L.); (I.R.S.); (S.D.P.)
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
- Correspondence:
| | - Yutong Liu
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (Y.L.); (L.W.L.); (I.R.S.); (S.D.P.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Louise Weiwei Lu
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (Y.L.); (L.W.L.); (I.R.S.); (S.D.P.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Barnett
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Ivana R. Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (Y.L.); (L.W.L.); (I.R.S.); (S.D.P.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Sally D. Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand; (Y.L.); (L.W.L.); (I.R.S.); (S.D.P.)
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Su J, Fang Y, Meng Y, Zhao C, Liu Y, Sun L, Wang M, Dai L, Ouyang S. Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Chronic Cough in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Concomitant Gastroesophageal Reflux. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:13-23. [PMID: 35023978 PMCID: PMC8747786 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s341400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and/or gastroesophageal reflux (GER) may be the contributors to chronic cough in patients with OSA and concomitant GER. This study aimed to explore whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), antireflux treatment and lifestyle modifications improve chronic cough in patients with OSA and concomitant GER. METHODS Patients with OSA and concomitant GER who also experienced chronic cough were enrolled, and were divided into two groups. Patients who were treated with general treatment (antireflux treatment and lifestyle modifications) as the control group, and patients who were treated with CPAP and general treatment as the treatment group. Effects of different treatments on chronic cough were assessed, and the association among chronic cough, GER and OSA was evaluated by Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were better in the treatment group after 1 week of treatment; further, the improvement became stronger with the duration of therapy. The gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire, visual analog scale (VAS) for cough, and daytime and nighttime cough symptom scores significantly improved in both groups after treatment, whereas this improvement was more significant in the treatment group. Significant associations between the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and VAS, weak acid reflux and VAS, and weak acid reflux and AHI were observed. CONCLUSION CPAP improved the symptoms of chronic cough and GER in patients with OSA and concomitant GER. AHI and weak acid reflux may be important factors affecting the therapeutic effect of chronic cough in patients with OSA and concomitant GER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Su
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Linge Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Songyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, People's Republic of China
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Eliashevich S, Dadaeva V, Drapkina O. Losing and «maintaining» body weight is a well-known inequity in the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases. PROFILAKTICHESKAYA MEDITSINA 2022; 25:85. [DOI: 10.17116/profmed20222503185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Vidaña-Pérez D, Braverman-Bronstein A, Zepeda-Tello R, Camacho-García-Formentí D, Colchero MA, Rivera-Dommarco JA, Popkin BM, Barrientos-Gutierrez T. Equitability of Individual and Population Interventions to Reduce Obesity: A Modeling Study in Mexico. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:105-113. [PMID: 34446315 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Modeling studies have estimated the potential impact and cost effectiveness of interventions to reduce obesity; few have focused on their equity across socioeconomic groups. This study aims to compare the equitability of individual- and population-level interventions to reduce obesity in Mexico. METHODS Mathematical models were implemented to estimate the expected effect of 2 sugar-sweetened beverage tax scenarios (10% and 20%) and bariatric surgery, pharmacotherapy, and dietary advice as individual interventions to reduce body weight. Individual interventions were modeled using meta-analytical weight change, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the probability of access to healthcare services. For the tax, investigators obtained the baseline consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages from the National Health Survey 2012 and applied the reduction in sales observed in 2016 to estimate the caloric change and weight reduction. Implementation costs and cost per person, per kilogram, and equity were calculated for all interventions over a 1-year timeframe. RESULTS The 20% tax produced the largest estimated increase (4.50%) in normal BMI prevalence, was the most cost effective, and had the largest and most equitable decrease in obesity across socioeconomic categories. Pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery produced sizable decreases in obesity prevalence (3.68% and 1.18%), particularly among the middle and high socioeconomic groups, whereas dietary advice had the lowest impact on normal and obese categories. CONCLUSIONS Individual interventions were effective in reducing obesity; yet, they were more expensive and less equitable than population interventions. Obesity in Mexico affects all socioeconomic groups; available interventions need to be carefully analyzed to tailor a national strategy that is both effective and equitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dèsirée Vidaña-Pérez
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Rodrigo Zepeda-Tello
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - M Arantxa Colchero
- Center for Health Services Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Barry M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; UNC Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Zhang N, Cheng Y, Luo R, Chang D, Liu T, Wang Z, Guo K, Ge S, Xu G. Low-Carbohydrate-Diet Score and Mortality in Adults With and Without Chronic Kidney Disease: Results From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:301-311. [PMID: 34972598 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long-term safety of consuming low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) remains controversial. As high protein and high fat might accelerate chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, the impact of LCD on mortality might be different in subjects with CKD and subjects without CKD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the association of LCD with mortality among individuals with and without CKD. METHODS Data from 1158 subjects with CKD and 9523 subjects without CKD in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The LCD score was calculated based on a 24-hour dietary recall interview. Mortality was from baseline until 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fitted to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS During the median follow-up of 24 years, 751 (65%) deaths and 2624 (28%) deaths were recorded in the CKD group and the non-CKD group, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause mortality comparing the highest versus lowest quarters of LCD score was 1.51 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.25, P for trend = 0.045) in the CKD group. However, there were no association between the LCD score and all-cause mortality in the non-CKD group. CONCLUSIONS The LCD scores were found significantly positively associated with all-cause mortality in adults with CKD, but not in adults without CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yichun Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zufeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kanglin Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuwang Ge
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Multi-Trajectories of Macronutrient Intake and Their Associations with Obesity among Chinese Adults from 1991 to 2018: A Prospective Study. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010013. [PMID: 35010888 PMCID: PMC8746800 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on macronutrient intake and obesity have been inconclusive. This study examined the associations between multi-trajectories of macronutrients and the risk of obesity in China. We used data from 7914 adults who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey at least three times from 1991 to 2018. We collected detailed dietary data by conducting three 24 h dietary recalls and weighing foods and condiments in household inventories. We identified multi-trajectories using group-based multi-trajectory models and examined their associations with the risk of obesity with multiple Cox regression models. We found four multi-trajectories in rural areas: balanced macronutrient intake (BM), moderate protein, increasing low fat, and decreasing high carbohydrate (MP&ILF&DHC); decreasing moderate protein, decreasing high fat, and increasing moderate carbohydrate (DMP&DHF&IMC); increasing moderate protein, increasing high fat, and decreasing low carbohydrate (IMP&IHF&DLC)-35.1%, 21.3%, 20.1%, and 23.5% of our rural participant population, respectively. Compared with the BM trajectory, the hazard ratios of obesity in the DMP&DHF&IMC and the IMP&IHF&DLC groups were 0.50 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27-0.95) and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.28-0.83), respectively, in rural participants. Relatively low carbohydrate and high fat intakes with complementary dynamic trends are associated with a lower risk of obesity in rural Chinese adults.
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Ashworth A. Sarcopenia and malnutrition: commonly occurring conditions in the older population. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2021; 30:S4-S10. [PMID: 34839683 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2021.30.21.s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the prevalence of loss of muscle mass and function, (sarcopenia) alongside malnutrition in the older population (>65 years). It outlines what is meant by both sarcopenia and malnutrition and looks at how these conditions can interact to cause detrimental outcomes in both underweight and overweight older adults. It also details some of the potential consequences of loss of muscle mass on the effective functioning of the human body and clinical outcomes and includes tips for nurses on how they can incorporate simple strategies into everyday care to both identify and treat patients at risk of sarcopenia and malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ashworth
- Honorary Research Fellow, School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth, Panel Member, Managing Adult Malnutrition in the Community, and Member of the Malnutrition Action Group of BAPEN
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35
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Skurk T, Bosy-Westphal A, Grünerbel A, Kabisch S, Keuthage W, Kronsbein P, Müssig K, Pfeiffer AFH, Simon MC, Tombek A, Weber KS, Rubin D, für den Ausschuss Ernährung der DDG. Empfehlungen zur Ernährung von Personen mit Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1543-1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL- Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Freising
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, Technische Universität München, Freising
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Humanernährung, Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | | | - Stefan Kabisch
- Abt. Endokrinologie, Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
- Deutsche Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), München
| | | | - Peter Kronsbein
- Fachbereich Oecotrophologie, Hochschule Niederrhein, Campus Mönchengladbach
| | - Karsten Müssig
- Klinik für Innere Medizin und Gastroenterologie, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken, Franziskus-Hospital Harderberg, Georgsmarienhütte
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Abt. Endokrinologie, Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn
| | | | - Katharina S. Weber
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel
| | - Diana Rubin
- Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin
- Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin
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Lim CGY, Whitton C, Rebello SA, van Dam RM. Diet Quality and Lower Refined Grain Consumption are Associated With Less Weight Gain in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Adult Population. J Nutr 2021; 151:2372-2382. [PMID: 33978192 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is increasing in many Asian countries. However, longitudinal data on the impacts of dietary factors on weight gain in Asian populations are sparse. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the relationship between changes in intakes of nutrients, foods, and beverages and diet quality and long-term changes in body weight. METHODS We used data (n = 3064) from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort, a prospective cohort including Chinese, Indian, and Malay residents aged 21-65 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using an FFQ, and body weight and waist circumference were measured during health examinations. Diet quality was evaluated using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) scores. Data were collected at baseline (2004-2010) and follow-up (2011-2016), with a mean follow-up of 6.0 years. Linear regression was used to assess the associations between dietary changes and weight change, adjusted for socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. RESULTS Improvements in dietary quality scores (DASH, -0.34 kg per 5 points; AHEI-2010, -0.35 kg per 10 points) and replacement of carbohydrates with protein (-0.44 kg per 5% of energy) were significantly associated with less weight gain. Increased intakes of white rice (+0.25 kg per serving/d), soft drinks (+0.69 kg), red meat (+0.58 kg), and poultry with skin (+0.74 kg) were directly associated with weight gain. The replacement of 1 serving per day of white rice with whole grains (-0.68 kg), vegetables (-0.33 kg), poultry without skin (-0.79 kg), and eggs (-0.87 kg) was associated with less weight gain. Similar associations were observed between changes in dietary factors and changes in waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Among Asian adults, increasing dietary quality, reducing soft drink consumption, and replacing white rice with whole grains, vegetables, and selected high-protein foods was associated with less weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie G Y Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clare Whitton
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Salome A Rebello
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Vogtschmidt YD, Raben A, Faber I, de Wilde C, Lovegrove JA, Givens DI, Pfeiffer AFH, Soedamah-Muthu SS. Is protein the forgotten ingredient: Effects of higher compared to lower protein diets on cardiometabolic risk factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Atherosclerosis 2021; 328:124-135. [PMID: 34120735 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Higher protein (HP) diets may lead to lower cardiometabolic risk, compared to lower protein (LP) diets. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the effects of HP versus LP diets on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults, using the totality of the current evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Systematic searches were conducted in electronic databases, up to November 2020. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to pool the standardised mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The main outcomes were weight loss, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass, systolic and diastolic BP, total cholesterol, HDL-and LDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, fasting glucose and insulin, and glycated haemoglobin. RESULTS Fifty-seven articles reporting on 54 RCTs were included, involving 4344 participants (65% female, mean age: 46 (SD 10) years, mean BMI: 33 (SD 3) kg/m2), with a mean study duration of 18 weeks (range: 4 to 156 weeks). Compared to LP diets (range protein (E%):10-23%), HP diets (range protein (E%): 20-45%) led to more weight loss (SMD -0.13, 95% CI: -0.23, -0.03), greater reductions in fat mass (SMD -0.14, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.04), systolic BP (SMD -0.12, 95% CI: -0.21, -0.02), total cholesterol (SMD -0.11, 95% CI: -0.19, -0.02), triacylglycerol (SMD -0.22, 95% CI: -0.30, -0.14) and insulin (SMD -0.12, 95% CI: -0.22, -0.03). No significant differences were observed for the other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Higher protein diets showed small, but favourable effects on weight loss, fat mass loss, systolic blood pressure, some lipid outcomes and insulin, compared to lower protein diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakima D Vogtschmidt
- KingdomHugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Harry Nursten Building, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom; Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC), Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ilona Faber
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Claudia de Wilde
- Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic disorders (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, 5000, LE Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- KingdomHugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Harry Nursten Building, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom; Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - D Ian Givens
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom; Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Potsdam, Berlin, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom; Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic disorders (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, 5000, LE Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Borsi E, Serban CL, Potre C, Potre O, Putnoky S, Samfireag M, Tudor R, Ionita I, Ionita H. High Carbohydrate Diet Is Associated with Severe Clinical Indicators, but Not with Nutrition Knowledge Score in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105444. [PMID: 34069672 PMCID: PMC8161065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the survival rate of patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma has doubled over the last few decades, due to the introduction of new therapeutic lines and improvement of care, other potential contributors to the therapeutic response/relapse of disease, such as nutrient intake, along with nutrition knowledge, have not been assessed during the course of the disease. The purpose of this research was to assess nutrition knowledge and diet quality in a group of patients with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Anthropometric, clinical and biological assessments and skeletal survey evaluations, along with the assessment of nutritional intake and general nutrition knowledge, were performed on 61 patients with a current diagnosis of multiple myeloma. A low carbohydrate diet score was computed, classified in tertiles, and used as a factor in the analysis. Patients in tertiles indicative of high carbohydrate or low carbohydrate intake showed significant alteration of clinical parameters, such as hemoglobin, uric acid, albumin, total proteins, beta-2 microglobulin, percentage of plasmacytes in the bone marrow and D-dimers, compared to patients in the medium carbohydrate intake tertile. Nutrition knowledge was not associated with clinical indicators of disease status, nor with patterns of nutrient intake. Better knowledge of food types and nutritional value of foods, along with personalized nutritional advice, could encourage patients with MM to make healthier decisions that might extend survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Borsi
- Discipline of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania; (E.B.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (I.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Costela Lacrimioara Serban
- Department of Functional Science, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.L.S.); (S.P.); Tel.: +40-770-198-363 (C.L.S.)
| | - Cristina Potre
- Discipline of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania; (E.B.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (I.I.); (H.I.)
- Hematology Clinic, Timisoara’s Emergency City Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Potre
- Discipline of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania; (E.B.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (I.I.); (H.I.)
- Hematology Clinic, Timisoara’s Emergency City Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania;
| | - Salomeia Putnoky
- Department of Microbiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.L.S.); (S.P.); Tel.: +40-770-198-363 (C.L.S.)
| | - Miruna Samfireag
- Hematology Clinic, Timisoara’s Emergency City Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Clinical Practical Skills, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania
| | - Raluca Tudor
- Department of Neurology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania;
| | - Ioana Ionita
- Discipline of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania; (E.B.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (I.I.); (H.I.)
- Hematology Clinic, Timisoara’s Emergency City Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania;
| | - Hortensia Ionita
- Discipline of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania; (E.B.); (C.P.); (O.P.); (I.I.); (H.I.)
- Hematology Clinic, Timisoara’s Emergency City Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Timis County, Romania;
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Shah P, Wolever TM, Jenkins AL, Ezatagha A, Campbell J, Zurbau A, Jain M, Gote M, Bhaduri A, Mullick A. Acute glycemic and insulin response of Fossence™ alone, or when substituted or added to a carbohydrate challenge: A three-phase, acute, randomized, cross-over, double blind clinical trial. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06805. [PMID: 33997376 PMCID: PMC8102419 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Short chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) are well-recognized prebiotic fibers. Fossence™ (FOSS) is a scFOS that has been produced from sucrose via a proprietary fermentation process and has not been tested for its digestibility or glucose/insulin response (GR and IR, respectively). The present randomized, controlled, cross-over study was conducted in 3 phases to explore GR and IR to ingestion of FOSS, when replaced by/added to available-carbohydrates (avCHO) among 25 healthy adults (40 ± 14years). In each phase GR and IR elicited by 3-4 test-meals were measured among the fasted recruited subjects. The interventional test meals were as follows: Phase-1, water alone or 10g FOSS or 10g Dextrose in 250ml water; Phase-2, 250ml water containing Dextrose:FOSS (g:g) in the content as 50:0 or 50:15 or 35:0 or 35:15; Phase-3 portions of white-bread (WB) containing avCHO:FOSS (g:g) in the content as 50:0 or 50:15 or 35:0 or 35:15. Blood samples (finger prick method) were collected at fasting and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after start of test meal ingestion. Plasma glucose and serum insulin were analyzed utilizing standard methods. The primary endpoint was differences in glucose IAUC. All subjects provided their written consent to participate in the study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03755232). The results demonstrated that FOSS, when consumed alone, showed no raise in glycaemia or insulinemia and was statistically equivalent to response of water alone. GR and IR elicited by dextrose:FOSS and WB:FOSS test-meals of Phase 2 and Phase 3, were statistically equivalent to the respective test-meals without FOSS. Result of the 3 phases support the hypothesis that FOSS is resistant to breakdown and is indigestible in the human small-intestine, and therefore can be classified as an unavailable carbohydrate that does not raise post prandial blood glucose or insulin. FOSS, being sweet to taste, may be an acceptable sugar replacer in beverages without compromising their taste and sensory qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyali Shah
- Tata Chemicals Ltd-Innovation Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Manish Jain
- Tata Chemicals Ltd-Innovation Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj Gote
- Tata Chemicals Ltd-Innovation Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anirban Bhaduri
- Tata Chemicals Ltd-Innovation Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashim Mullick
- Tata Consumer Products Ltd (formerly at Tata Chemicals Ltd-Innovation Centre), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Ooi DSQ, Ling JQR, Sadananthan SA, Velan SS, Ong FY, Khoo CM, Tai ES, Henry CJ, Leow MKS, Khoo EYH, Tan CS, Lee YS, Chong MFF. Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation Does Not Preserve Lean Mass or Affect Metabolic Profile in Adults with Overweight or Obesity in a Randomized Controlled Weight Loss Intervention. J Nutr 2021; 151:911-920. [PMID: 33537760 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has been shown to increase muscle mass or prevent muscle loss during weight loss. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effects of a BCAA-supplemented hypocaloric diet on lean mass preservation and insulin sensitivity. METHODS A total of 132 Chinese adults (63 men and 69 women aged 21-45 y, BMI 25-36 kg/m2) were block randomly assigned by gender and BMI into 3 hypocaloric diet (deficit of 500 kcal/d) groups: standard-protein (14%) with placebo (control, CT) or BCAA supplements at 0.1 g · kg-1 body weight · d-1 (BCAA) or high-protein (27%) with placebo (HP). The subjects underwent 16 wk of dietary intervention with provision of meals and supplements, followed by 8 wk of weight maintenance with provision of supplements only. One-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to analyze the primary (lean mass and insulin sensitivity) and secondary outcomes (anthropometric and metabolic parameters) among the 3 groups. Paired t-test was used to analyze the change in each group. RESULTS The 3 groups demonstrated similar significant reductions in body weight (7.97%), fat mass (13.8%), and waist circumference (7.27%) after 16 wk of energy deficit. Lean mass loss in BCAA (4.39%) tended to be lower than in CT (5.39%) and higher compared with HP (3.67%) (P = 0.06). Calf muscle volume increased 3.4% in BCAA and intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs) decreased in BCAA (17%) and HP (18%) (P < 0.05) over 16 wk. During the 8 wk weight maintenance period, lean mass gain in BCAA (1.03%) tended to be lower compared with CT (1.58%) and higher than in HP (-0.002%) (P = 0.04). Lean mass gain differed significantly between CT and HP (P = 0.03). Insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles did not differ among the groups throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS BCAA supplementation does not preserve lean mass or affect insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults during weight loss. A higher protein diet may be more advantageous for lean mass preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delicia S Q Ooi
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jennifer Q R Ling
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Fang Yi Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Melvin K S Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eric Y H Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Mary F F Chong
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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41
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The Low-Carbohydrate Diet: Short-Term Metabolic Efficacy Versus Longer-Term Limitations. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041187. [PMID: 33916669 PMCID: PMC8066770 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diets have been a central component of lifestyle modification for decades. The Low-Carbohydrate Diet (LCD), originally conceived as a treatment strategy for intractable epilepsy (due to its association with ketogenesis), became popular in the 1970s and since then has risen to prominence as a weight loss strategy. Objective: To explore the efficacy, limitations and potential safety concerns of the LCD. Data Sources: We performed a narrative review, based on relevant articles written in English from a Pubmed search, using the terms ‘low carbohydrate diet and metabolic health’. Results: Evidence supports the efficacy of the LCD in the short-term (up to 6-months) for reduction in fat mass and remission of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D). However, the longer-term efficacy of the LCD is disappointing, with diminishment of weight loss potential and metabolic benefits of the LCD beyond 6-months of its adoption. Furthermore, practical limitations of the LCD include the associated restriction of food choices that restrict the acceptability of the LCD for the individual, particularly over the longer term. There are also safety concerns of the LCD that stem from nutritional imbalances (with a relative excess of dietary fat and protein intake with associated dyslipidaemia and increased risk of insulin resistance and T2D development) and ketotic effects. Finally, the LCD often results in a reduction in dietary fibre intake, with potentially serious adverse consequences for overall health and the gut microbiota. Conclusions: Although widely adopted, the LCD usually has short-lived metabolic benefits, with limited efficacy and practicality over the longer term. Dietary modification needs tailoring to the individual, with careful a priori assessments of food preferences to ensure acceptability and adherence over the longer term, with avoidance of dietary imbalances and optimization of dietary fibre intake (primarily from plant-based fruit and vegetables), and with a posteriori assessments of the highly individual responses to the LCD. Finally, we need to change our view of diets from simply an excipient for weight loss to an essential component of a healthy lifestyle.
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Agnoli C, Sieri S, Ricceri F, Macciotta A, Masala G, Bendinelli B, Panico S, Mattiello A, Tumino R, Frasca G, Krogh V. Macronutrient composition of the diet and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in the EPIC-Italy cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:67-75. [PMID: 33097407 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The overall macronutrient composition of diet, rather than just calorie intake, may influence long-term changes of anthropometry. We investigated relationships between dietary macronutrient composition and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in participants of the EPIC-Italy - the Italian section of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition - study. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 32,119 participants provided anthropometric measures at recruitment and 12 years later (mean). Diet at recruitment was assessed using validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Weight and waist changes associated with replacing 10% of energy from one macronutrient with 10% of energy from another macronutrient were assessed by multivariable linear regression. Increased energy from total protein at the expense of any other macronutrient was significantly associated with increased weight and waist circumference. Increased starch at the expense of sugar and total protein was associated with significantly decreased weight and waist circumference; when starch replaced total fat, weight significantly decreased. Increased sugar at the expense of starch and total fat was significantly associated with increased weight and waist circumference; but increase at the expense of total protein was significantly associated with decreased weight and waist circumference. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that increasing protein at the expense of fat or carbohydrates, and reducing starch by increasing other macronutrients, might be associated with increased weight and waist gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry, Provincial Health Unit (ASP) Ragusa, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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43
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Bonikowske AR, Carpenter KC, Stovitz SD, Bandyopadhyay D, Pereira MA, Lewis BA. Acute Effect of Height-Adjustable Workstations on Blood Glucose Levels in Women with Impaired Fasting Glucose Levels While Working: A Pilot Study. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 6. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Hwalla N, Jaafar Z. Dietary Management of Obesity: A Review of the Evidence. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010024. [PMID: 33375554 PMCID: PMC7823549 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multi-factorial disease and its prevention and management require knowledge of the complex interactions underlying it and adopting a whole system approach that addresses obesogenic environments within country specific contexts. The pathophysiology behind obesity involves a myriad of genetic, epigenetic, physiological, and macroenvironmental factors that drive food intake and appetite and increase the obesity risk for susceptible individuals. Metabolically, food intake and appetite are regulated via intricate processes and feedback systems between the brain, gastrointestinal system, adipose and endocrine tissues that aim to maintain body weight and energy homeostasis but are also responsive to environmental cues that may trigger overconsumption of food beyond homeostatic needs. Under restricted caloric intake conditions such as dieting, these processes elicit compensatory metabolic mechanisms that promote energy intake and weight regain, posing great challenges to diet adherence and weight loss attempts. To mitigate these responses and enhance diet adherence and weight loss, different dietary strategies have been suggested in the literature based on their differential effects on satiety and metabolism. In this review article, we offer an overview of the literature on obesity and its underlying pathological mechanisms, and we present an evidence based comparative analysis of the effects of different popular dietary strategies on weight loss, metabolic responses and diet adherence in obesity.
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45
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Kohanmoo A, Faghih S, Akhlaghi M. Effect of short- and long-term protein consumption on appetite and appetite-regulating gastrointestinal hormones, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Physiol Behav 2020; 226:113123. [PMID: 32768415 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM High-protein diets are considered as useful diets for weight loss programs. We collected randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effect of protein on appetite and gastrointestinal hormones involved in appetite regulation. METHODS Trials were included if participants were healthy adults and isocaloric treatments were used in control and treatment arms. Random-effects model was used to calculate mean difference and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS In total, 49 publications for acute and 19 articles for long-term effect of protein were included. In acute interventions, protein decreased hunger (-7 mm visual analogue scale (VAS), P<0.001), desire to eat (-5 mm, P = 0.045), and prospective food consumption (-5 mm, P = 0.001) and increased fullness (10 mm, P<0.001) and satiety (4 mm, P<0.001). There was also a decrease in ghrelin (-20 pg/ml, P<0.001) and increase in cholecystokinin (30 pg/ml, P<0.001) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (21 ng/ml, P<0.001), but no change in gastric inhibitory polypeptide and peptide YY was observed. Appetite markers were affected by protein doses < 35 g but ghrelin, cholecystokinin, and GLP-1 changed significantly after doses ≥ 35 g. Long-term ingestion of protein did not affect these outcomes, except for GLP-1 which showed a significant decrease. CONCLUSION Results of this meta-analysis showed that acute ingestion of protein suppresses appetite, decreases ghrelin, and augments cholecystokinin and GLP-1. Results of long-term trials are inconclusive and further trials are required before a clear and sound conclusion on these trials could be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kohanmoo
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Wang X, Yang Q, Liao Q, Li M, Zhang P, Santos HO, Kord-Varkaneh H, Abshirini M. Effects of intermittent fasting diets on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110974. [PMID: 32947129 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) and energy-restricted diets (ERDs) have emerged as dietary approaches to decrease inflammatory status; however, there are no consistent results regarding humans. To achieve a comprehensive conclusion, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of IF or ERDs on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers. We systematically searched online medical databases including Web of Sciences, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar up to June 2019. Evaluations of effect sizes were described employing in weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals from the random-effects model. Eighteen eligible RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled estimation from the random-effect model showed that IF regimens and ERDs significantly reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (WMD: -0.024 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.044 to -0.005, I2 = 7.0%). Additionally, IF regimens (WMD: -0.029; 95% CI: -0.058 to -0.000, I2 = 17.9%) were more effective in reducing CRP levels than ERDs (WMD: -0.001 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.037 to 0.034, I2 = 0.0%). Moreover, based on the treatment duration and types of the studies' population, a greater reduction was observed in overweight and obese individuals (WMD: -0.03 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.01, I2 = 42.1%), and in treatment duration ≥8 wk (WMD: -0.03 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.01, I2 = 0.0%) as well. However, IF and ERDs did not significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (WMD: -0.158 pg/mL; P = 0.549, I2 = 98.3) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (WMD: -0.541 pg/mL; P = 0.080, I2 = 94.7%). This meta-analysis demonstrated that IF regimens and ERDs may reduce CRP concentrations, particularly in overweight and obese individuals and through a considerable length of intervention (≥2 mo). However, neither dietary model affected the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhijiang Branch, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhijiang Branch, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Qiumei Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhijiang Branch, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhijiang Branch, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhijiang Branch, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryame Abshirini
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Bellissimo N, Fansabedian T, Wong VC, Totosy de Zepetnek JO, Brett NR, Schwartz A, Cassin S, Suitor K, Rousseau D. Effect of Increasing the Dietary Protein Content of Breakfast on Subjective Appetite, Short-Term Food Intake and Diet-Induced Thermogenesis in Children. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103025. [PMID: 33023221 PMCID: PMC7601774 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein affects energy balance by decreasing food intake (FI) and increasing energy expenditure through diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in adults. Our objective was to investigate the effects of increasing the dietary protein in an isocaloric breakfast on subjective appetite, FI, blood glucose, and DIT in 9-14 y children. Two randomized repeated measures designs were used. In experiment 1, 17 children (9 boys, 8 girls) consumed isocaloric meals (450 kcal) on four separate mornings containing: 7 g (control), 15 g (low protein, LP), 30 g (medium protein, MP) or 45 g (high protein, HP) of protein. Blood glucose and subjective appetite were measured at baseline and regular intervals for 4 h, and FI was measured at 4 h. In experiment 2, 9 children (6 boys, 3 girls) consumed the control or HP breakfast on two separate mornings, and both DIT and subjective appetite were determined over 5 h. In experiment 1, all dietary protein treatments suppressed subjective appetite compared to control (p < 0.001), and the HP breakfast suppressed FI compared with the LP breakfast and control (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, DIT was higher after HP than control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing the dietary protein content of breakfast had favorable effects on satiety, FI, and DIT in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B-2K3, Canada; (T.F.); (V.C.H.W.); (N.R.B.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +14-16-979-5000-x553026
| | - Tammy Fansabedian
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B-2K3, Canada; (T.F.); (V.C.H.W.); (N.R.B.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Vincent C.H. Wong
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B-2K3, Canada; (T.F.); (V.C.H.W.); (N.R.B.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Neil R. Brett
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B-2K3, Canada; (T.F.); (V.C.H.W.); (N.R.B.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Alexander Schwartz
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B-2K3, Canada; (T.F.); (V.C.H.W.); (N.R.B.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Stephanie Cassin
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B-2K3, Canada;
| | - Katherine Suitor
- School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B-2K3, Canada; (T.F.); (V.C.H.W.); (N.R.B.); (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Dérick Rousseau
- Department of Chemistry & Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B-2K3, Canada;
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Abstract
Protein-rich diets are surging in popularity for weight loss. An increase in diet-induced thermogenesis, better preservation of fat-free mass, and enhanced satiety with greater dietary protein intakes may lead to increased energy expenditure and decreased energy intake; and thus promote a more negative energy balance that facilitates weight loss. Results from large randomized trials and meta-analyses of many smaller trials indicate that high-protein diets typically induce significantly greater amounts of weight loss than conventional low-fat or high-carbohydrate diets during the early, rapid weight loss phase (3-6 months), but differences between diets are attenuated and no longer significant during the late, slow weight loss phase (12-24 months). Gradually decreasing adherence may be responsible for this observation; in fact, dietary adherence, rather than macronutrient composition, is likely the major predictor of long-term weight loss success. Recently, some randomized trials evaluated the efficacy of high-protein (vs. normal-protein) diets consumed ad libitum during weight loss maintenance, i.e. after clinically significant weight loss. Weight regain may be smaller with high-protein diets in the short-term (3-12 months), but longer studies are needed to confirm this. Given the lack of conclusive evidence in favor of high-protein diets, or any other dietary pattern, it is reasonable to conclude that no individual nutrient is a friend or a foe when it comes to weight loss and its maintenance. Therefore, any diet that best suits one's dietary habits and food preferences is likely to be better adhered to, and thus lead to more successful long-term weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports / Obesity Research, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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49
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW High-protein diets in the management of obesity have been around for many years and have been rigorously tested for their ability to induce weight loss. Comparably less is known about their effects on the maintenance of lost weight. RECENT FINDINGS Several small and a few large randomized trials have evaluated the efficacy of high-protein diets (20-35% of calories from protein; 1.2-1.9 g/kg∙day) compared with normal-protein diets (10-20% of calories from protein; 0.8-1.3 g/kg∙day), consumed mostly ad libitum during weight loss maintenance, i.e., after clinically significant weight loss. Most of these studies indicate that weight regain in the short term (3-12 months) is lower by 1-2 kg with high-protein diets than low-protein diets. This effect is attenuated with longer periods of observation, likely because of decreasing dietary compliance. In line with findings during the active weight loss phase, studies assessing the efficacy of protein-rich diets to improve weight loss maintenance report beneficial effects in the short term, which nevertheless dissipate over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports/Obesity Research, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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50
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Reguant-Closa A, Roesch A, Lansche J, Nemecek T, Lohman TG, Meyer NL. The Environmental Impact of the Athlete's Plate Nutrition Education Tool. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2484. [PMID: 32824745 PMCID: PMC7468909 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodized nutrition is necessary to optimize training and enhance performance through the season. The Athlete's Plate (AP) is a nutrition education tool developed to teach athletes how to design their plates depending on training load (e.g., volume × intensity), from easy (E), moderate (M) to hard (H). The AP was validated, confirming its recommendations according to international sports nutrition guidelines. However, the AP had significantly higher protein content than recommended (up to 2.9 ± 0.5 g·kg-1·d-1; p < 0.001 for H male). The aim of this study was to quantify the environmental impact (EnvI) of the AP and to evaluate the influence of meal type, training load, sex and registered dietitian (RD). The nutritional contents of 216 APs created by 12 sport RDs were evaluated using Computrition Software (Hospitality Suite, v. 18.1, Chatsworth, CA, USA). The EnvI of the AP was analyzed by life cycle assessment (LCA) expressed by the total amount of food on the AP, kg, and kcal, according to the Swiss Agricultural Life Cycle Assessment (SALCA) methodology. Higher EnvI is directly associated with higher training load when the total amount of food on the plate is considered for E (5.7 ± 2.9 kg CO2 eq/day); M (6.4 ± 1.5 kg CO2 eq/day); and H (8.0 ± 2.1 kg CO2 eq/day). Global warming potential, exergy and eutrophication are driven by animal protein and mainly beef, while ecotoxicity is influenced by vegetable content on the AP. The EnvI is influenced by the amount of food, training load and sex. This study is the first to report the degree of EnvI in sports nutrition. These results not only raise the need for sustainability education in sports nutrition in general, but also the urgency to modify the AP nutrition education tool to ensure sports nutrition recommendations are met, while not compromising the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Reguant-Closa
- International Doctoral School, University of Andorra, Andorra, AD600 Sant Julià de Lòria, Andorra
| | - Andreas Roesch
- Agroscope, Life Cycle Assessment Research Group, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.R.); (J.L.); (T.N.)
| | - Jens Lansche
- Agroscope, Life Cycle Assessment Research Group, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.R.); (J.L.); (T.N.)
| | - Thomas Nemecek
- Agroscope, Life Cycle Assessment Research Group, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.R.); (J.L.); (T.N.)
| | | | - Nanna L Meyer
- Beth-El College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, William J. Hybl Sports Medicine and Performance Center, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA;
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