• 3D printing
• bio-materials
• diabetes foot ulcers
• intelligent detection
• new treatments

• Luzhou Science and Technology Bureau

• chronic wound
• diabetic ulcer
• miRNA
• phytochemical
• tissue repair

• diabetes-related foot ulcer
• measurement
• reliability
• wound camera

• Humans
• Diabetic Foot/diagnostic imaging
• Reproducibility of Results
• Imaging, Three-Dimensional
• Male
• Female
• Middle Aged
• Photography/instrumentation
• Aged

• Arabic gum hydrogel
• chronic wounds
• curcumin
• silver
• silver nanoparticles

• RSP2023R506 King Saud University

• chronic venous insufficiency
• machine learning
• venous ulcers
• wound imaging
• wound management

• Male
• Humans
• Aged
• Female
• Prospective Studies
• Smartphone
• Reproducibility of Results
• Varicose Ulcer/diagnosis
• Mobile Applications

• H19/01/a0/0Y9 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR): Industry Alignment Fund - Pre-Positioning; Programme
• FLWSHP19nov-0015 National Research Medical Council (NMRC) Research Training Fellowship
• PFFP20-17 Tan Tock Seng Hospital FY2020 Pitch-for-Fund Program Grant

Foot ulcers are common complications of diabetes mellitus and substantially increase the morbidity and mortality due to this disease. Wound care by regular monitoring of the progress of healing with clinical review of the ulcers, dressing changes, appropriate antibiotic therapy for infection and proper offloading of the ulcer are the cornerstones of the management of foot ulcers. Assessing the progress of foot ulcers can be a challenge for the clinician and patient due to logistic issues such as regular attendance in the clinic. Foot clinics are often busy and because of manpower issues, ulcer reviews can be delayed with detrimental effects on the healing as a result of a lack of appropriate and timely changes in management. Wound photographs have been historically useful to assess the progress of diabetic foot ulcers over the past few decades. Mobile phones with digital cameras have recently revolutionized the capture of foot ulcer images. Patients can send ulcer photographs to diabetes care professionals electronically for remote monitoring, largely avoiding the logistics of patient transport to clinics with a reduction on clinic pressures. Artificial intelligence-based technologies have been developed in recent years to improve this remote monitoring of diabetic foot ulcers with the use of mobile apps. This is expected to make a huge impact on diabetic foot ulcer care with further research and development of more accurate and scientific technologies in future. This clinical update review aims to compile evidence on this hot topic to empower clinicians with the latest developments in the field.

• Diabetic foot ulcers
• Photographic monitoring
• Artificial intelligence technology
• Digital photography
• Mobile app
• COVID-19 pandemic

• diabetes-related foot ulceration
• diabetic foot ulcer
• three-dimensional
• wound camera
• wound imaging
• wound measurement

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Foot
• Humans
• Imaging, Three-Dimensional
• Observer Variation
• Reproducibility of Results

• New South Wales Government Agency for Clinical Innovation

• Cellularized/tissue-based skin products
• Chronic wound care
• Point of care ultrasound imaging
• Skin grafts
• Tissue regeneration and wound sizing

• Humans
• Point-of-Care Systems
• Skin/diagnostic imaging
• Skin Transplantation
• Ultrasonography
• Wound Healing

• R21 AG065776 NIA NIH HHS

• healing
• high-frequency ultrasound
• laser biostimulation
• monitoring
• ulcer

There is a growing interest in the scientific community to use computer-based software programs for the quantification of cells during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Drawbacks of computer-based methods currently used to quantify immunohistochemical staining are the complexity of use, expense of software and overly-simplified descriptions of protocol thereby limiting reproducibility. The precise role of mast cells in equine cutaneous wound healing is unknown. Given the contribution of mast cells to the chronic inflammation observed in human keloid, a pathology similar to exuberant granulation tissue (EGT) in horses, mast cells might be present in high numbers in equine limb wounds predisposed to EGT. The main goal of this study was to develop a reliable and reproducible quantification method for immunostained tissues using a computer software that is widely available, at no cost, to the scientific community. A secondary goal was to conduct a proof of concept using the newly-established method to quantify mast cells during wound healing at different anatomical sites (body and limb) in horses to see if a different pattern is observed in limb wounds, which are predisposed to EGT.

A good intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 0.67 p < 0.05) was found between the computer-based ImageJ method and manual counting. An excellent intra-operator ICC of 0.90 (p < 0.01) was found for the ImageJ quantification method while a good interoperator ICC of 0.69 (p < 0.01) was measured. No significant difference was observed between the variation of the ImageJ and that of the manual counting method. Mast cells were localized below the epidermis, around cutaneous appendages and blood vessels. Mast cell numbers did not differ significantly in relation to anatomical location or time of healing.

The computer-based quantification method developed is reliable, reproducible, available, cost-free and could be used to study different physiological and pathological processes using immunohistochemistry.

• Horse
• ImageJ
• Immunohistochemistry
• Mast cell
• Quantification
• Skin
• Wound healing

Chronic wounds are often recalcitrant to treatment because of high microbial bioburden and the problem of microbial resistance. Silver is a broad-spectrum natural antimicrobial agent with wide applications extending to proprietary wound dressings. Recently, silver nanoparticles have attracted attention in wound management. In the current study, the green synthesis of nanoparticles was accomplished using a natural reducing agent, curcumin, which is a natural polyphenolic compound that is well-known as a wound-healing agent. The hydrophobicity of curcumin was overcome by its microencapsulation in cyclodextrins. This study demonstrates the production, characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous curcumin:hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex and loading them into bacterial cellulose hydrogel with moist wound-healing properties. These silver nanoparticle-loaded bacterial cellulose hydrogels were characterized for wound-management applications. In addition to high cytocompatibility, these novel dressings exhibited antimicrobial activity against three common wound-infecting pathogenic microbes Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida auris.