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Zambrano-Vásquez OR, Cortés-Camacho F, Castañeda-Sánchez JI, Aréchaga-Ocampo E, Valle-Velázquez E, Cabrera-Angeles JC, Sánchez-Gloria JL, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Arellano-Buendia AS, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Osorio-Alonso H. Update in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease management: role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Life Sci 2025; 372:123638. [PMID: 40246191 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2025.123638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2025] [Accepted: 04/09/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes without significant alcohol consumption. It is closely associated with sedentarism, hypercaloric diets, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and genetic predisposition. NAFLD comprises a spectrum of liver disorders, from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic (NASH) and liver cirrhosis. The complex etiological mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis; therefore, its management is challenging. Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a class of antidiabetic drugs, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their ability to improve key metabolic parameters, including obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. This review explores the cellular mechanisms by which SGLT2i, either as monotherapy or combined with other treatments, modulate signaling pathways involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, we examine their effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis, which are critical drivers of NAFLD progression. This review is intended to summarize the multiple benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors and to educate healthcare providers on the therapeutic potential of these drugs in order to foster their incorporation into effective NAFLD management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R Zambrano-Vásquez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Fernando Cortés-Camacho
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jorge I Castañeda-Sánchez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, México City 04960, Mexico
| | - Elena Aréchaga-Ocampo
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, México City 05348, Mexico
| | - Estefanía Valle-Velázquez
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan C Cabrera-Angeles
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - José L Sánchez-Gloria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Abraham S Arellano-Buendia
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura G Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City 14080, Mexico.
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2
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Tamir TY, Chaudhary S, Li AX, Trojan SE, Flower CT, Vo P, Cui Y, Davis JC, Mukkamala R, Venditti FN, Hillis AL, Toker A, Vander Heiden MG, Spinelli JB, Kennedy NJ, Davis RJ, White FM. Structural and systems characterization of phosphorylation on metabolic enzymes identifies sex-specific metabolic reprogramming in obesity. Mol Cell 2025; 85:2211-2229.e8. [PMID: 40441152 PMCID: PMC12147527 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2025.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 05/05/2025] [Indexed: 06/11/2025]
Abstract
Coordination of adaptive metabolism through signaling networks is essential for cellular bioenergetics and homeostasis. Phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes provides a rapid, efficient, and dynamic mechanism to regulate metabolic networks. Our structural analysis stratified phosphosites on metabolic enzymes based on proximity to functional and dimerization domains. Most phosphosites occur on oxidoreductases and are enriched near substrate, cofactor, active sites, or dimer interfaces. Despite low stoichiometry, phosphotyrosine (pY) is overrepresented in functional domains. Using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice and multiomics, we measured HFD-induced sex-specific dysregulation of pY and metabolites, which was reversible with the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Computational modeling revealed predictive pY sites for HFD- or BHA-induced metabolite changes. We characterized functional roles for predictive pY sites on glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), and uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS) using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) rescue and stable isotope tracing. Our findings reveal mechanisms whereby cellular signaling fine-tunes enzyme activity and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Y Tamir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Shreya Chaudhary
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Annie X Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sonia E Trojan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Cameron T Flower
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paula Vo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yufei Cui
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Davis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachit Mukkamala
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francesca N Venditti
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alissandra L Hillis
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica B Spinelli
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Norman J Kennedy
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Forest M White
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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AL-Noshokaty TM, Abdelhamid R, Abdelmaksoud NM, Khaled A, Hossam M, Ahmed R, Saber T, Khaled S, Elshaer SS, Abulsoud AI. Unlocking the multifaceted roles of GLP-1: Physiological functions and therapeutic potential. Toxicol Rep 2025; 14:101895. [PMID: 39911322 PMCID: PMC11795145 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2024] [Revised: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Glucagon (GCG) like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has emerged as a powerful player in regulating metabolism and a promising therapeutic target for various chronic diseases. This review delves into the physiological roles of GLP-1, exploring its impact on glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, and satiety. We examine the compelling evidence supporting GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in managing type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and other diseases. The intricate molecular mechanisms underlying GLP-1RAs are explored, including their interactions with pathways like extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), activated protein kinase (AMPK), cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase C (PKC). Expanding our understanding, the review investigates the potential role of GLP-1 in cancers. Also, microribonucleic acid (RNA) (miRNAs), critical regulators of gene expression, are introduced as potential modulators of GLP-1 signaling. We delve into the link between miRNAs and T2D obesity and explore specific miRNA examples influencing GLP-1R function. Finally, the review explores the rationale for seeking alternatives to GLP-1RAs and highlights natural products with promising GLP-1 modulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohada M. AL-Noshokaty
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Rehab Abdelhamid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | | | - Aya Khaled
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Mariam Hossam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Razan Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Toka Saber
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Shahd Khaled
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Shereen Saeid Elshaer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
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4
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Zhao L, Li F, Zhang X, Tian H, Ma Z, Yang X, Zhang Q, Pu M, Cao P, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cheng J, Xu Q, Xu D, Li X, Wang W. RNA-Seq and WGCNA Identify Key Regulatory Modules and Genes Associated with Water-Holding Capacity and Tenderness in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:1569. [PMID: 40509035 PMCID: PMC12153643 DOI: 10.3390/ani15111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2025] [Revised: 05/04/2025] [Accepted: 05/14/2025] [Indexed: 06/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Meat quality traits, particularly WHC and tenderness, are pivotal for consumer satisfaction and economic value in the sheep industry. However, their genetic regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. We used RNA-Seq and WGCNA to identify genes regulating WHC and tenderness. Sixty longissimus thoracis samples were classified into high/low WHC (HWHC vs. LWHC) and high/low tenderness (HTN vs. LTN) groups. Comparative transcriptomics identified 270 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to WHC, enriched in pathways like the regulation of the ATP metabolic process and the inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling. Key DEGs (e.g., SORBS1, FOXO1, PDE4B, CDH1) correlated significantly with WHC-associated traits. For tenderness, 165 DEGs were identified, including LEP, FABP4, PLIN1, and GLP1R, enriched in PPAR signaling, fat cell differentiation, and cAMP signaling pathways. WGCNA revealed modules associated with WHC and tenderness, with hub genes (ATP2C1, GSKIP, PATL1, PPARA, CYLD) involved in ATP metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, and myofibril assembly. Tissue-specific gene integration prioritized muscle-enriched candidates (METTL21C and ACTC1) with strong trait correlations. Our findings unveil interconnected gene networks governing WHC and tenderness, highlighting some candidate genes as potential biomarkers for precision breeding. This study provides novel insights into the molecular determinants of meat quality, offering actionable targets to enhance mutton production sustainability and consumer appeal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Huibin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Zongwu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Mengru Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Peiliang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (P.C.)
| | - Deyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Yukun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Jiangbo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Quanzhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Weimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (L.Z.); (F.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (X.Y.); (Q.Z.); (M.P.); (D.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.); (Q.X.); (D.X.); (X.L.)
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Urkon M, Ferencz E, Szász JA, Szabo MIM, Orbán-Kis K, Szatmári S, Nagy EE. Antidiabetic GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Have Neuroprotective Properties in Experimental Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2025; 18:614. [PMID: 40430434 PMCID: PMC12114801 DOI: 10.3390/ph18050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2025] [Revised: 04/13/2025] [Accepted: 04/18/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
In addition to the classically accepted pathophysiological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), increasing attention is paid to the role of the insulin-resistant state of the central nervous system. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism demonstrated neuroprotective consequences by mitigating neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. The present review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the neuroprotective properties of GLP-1R agonists (GLP-1RAs), with a particular focus on experimental animal models of AD. Ameliorated amyloid-β plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation and deposition following exenatide, liraglutide, and lixisenatide treatment was confirmed in several models. The GLP-1RAs studied alleviated central insulin resistance, as evidenced by the decreased serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and restored downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase/RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase (PI3K/Akt) signaling. Furthermore, the GLP-1RAs influenced multiple mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinase: ERK; c-Jun N-terminal kinase: JNK, p38) positively and suppressed glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3β) hyperactivation. A lower proportion of reactive microglia and astrocytes was associated with better neuronal preservation following their administration. Finally, restoration of cognitive functions, particularly spatial memory, was also observed for semaglutide and dulaglutide. GLP-1RAs, therefore, hold promising disease-modifying potential in the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Urkon
- Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Elek Ferencz
- Service of Translational Medicine and Clinical Research, Emergency County Hospital Miercurea Ciuc, 530173 Miercurea Ciuc, Romania
| | - József Attila Szász
- Department M3, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- 2nd Clinic of Neurology, Targu Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Monica Iudita Maria Szabo
- Department M3, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Clinic of Diabetology, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, Targu Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Károly Orbán-Kis
- 2nd Clinic of Neurology, Targu Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Physiology, M2, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Szabolcs Szatmári
- Department M3, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- 2nd Clinic of Neurology, Targu Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Előd Ernő Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, F1, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540394 Targu Mures, Romania
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6
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Zhang J, Wei J, Lai W, Sun J, Bai Y, Cao H, Guo J, Su Z. Focus on Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Target: Drugs Approved or Designed to Treat Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:1651. [PMID: 40004115 PMCID: PMC11855704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26041651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely related to metabolic diseases, which brings a heavy burden to the health care system. It is urgent to formulate and implement effective treatment strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a protein with seven transmembrane domains connected by type B and G proteins, which is widely distributed and expressed in many organs and tissues. GLP-1 analogues can reduce weight, lower blood pressure, and improve blood lipids. Obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases have caused scientists' research and development boom. Among them, GLP-1R agonist drugs have developed rapidly in weight-loss drugs. In this paper, based on the target of GLP-1, the mechanism of action of GLP-1 in obesity treatment was deeply studied, and the drugs approved and designed for obesity treatment based on GLP-1 target were elaborated in detail. Innovatively put forward and summarized the double and triple GLP-1 targeted drugs in the treatment of obesity with better effects and less toxic and side effects, and this can make full use of multi-target methods to treat other diseases in the future. Finally, it is pointed out that intestinal flora and microorganisms have many benefits in the treatment of obesity, and fecal bacteria transplantation may be a potential treatment for obesity with less harm to the body. This article provides some promising methods to treat obesity, which have strong practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.L.); (J.S.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jintao Wei
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.L.); (J.S.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiwen Lai
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.L.); (J.S.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.L.); (J.S.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China;
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China;
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (J.W.); (W.L.); (J.S.)
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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7
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Sato R, da Fonseca GWP, das Neves W, von Haehling S. Mechanisms and pharmacotherapy of cancer cachexia-associated anorexia. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2025; 13:e70031. [PMID: 39776294 PMCID: PMC11707257 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.70031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome characterized by weight and skeletal muscle loss caused by underlying illnesses such as cancer, heart failure, and renal failure. Inflammation, insulin resistance, increased muscle protein degradation, decreased food intake, and anorexia are the primary pathophysiological drivers of cachexia. Cachexia causes physical deterioration and functional impairment, loss of quality of life, lower response to active treatment, and ultimately morbidity and mortality, while the difficulties in tackling cachexia in its advanced phases and the heterogeneity of the syndrome among patients require an individualized and multidisciplinary approach from an early stage. Specifically, strategies combining nutritional and exercise interventions as well as pharmacotherapy that directly affect the pathogenesis of cachexia, such as anti-inflammatory, metabolism-improving, and appetite-stimulating agents, have been proposed, but none of which have demonstrated sufficient evidence to date. Nevertheless, several agents have recently emerged, including anamorelin, a ghrelin receptor agonist, growth differentiation factor 15 neutralization therapy, and melanocortin receptor antagonist, as candidates for ameliorating anorexia associated with cancer cachexia. Therefore, in this review, we outline cancer cachexia-associated anorexia and its pharmacotherapy, including corticosteroids, progesterone analogs, cannabinoids, anti-psychotics, and thalidomide which have been previously explored for their efficacy, in addition to the aforementioned novel agents, along with their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sato
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity of Göttingen Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Lower SaxonyGermany
| | - Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca
- Heart Institute (InCor)University of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloSão PauloBrazil
- School of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Willian das Neves
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity of Göttingen Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Lower SaxonyGermany
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8
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Kononova YA, Tuchina TP, Babenko AY. Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue: One or Different Targets for Treatment of Obesity and Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13295. [PMID: 39769065 PMCID: PMC11677471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252413295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2024] [Revised: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
The failure of the fight against obesity makes us turn to new goals in its treatment. Now, brown adipose tissue has attracted attention as a promising target for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and glucose tolerance disorders. Meanwhile, the expansion of our knowledge has led to awareness about two rather different subtypes: classic brown and beige (inducible brown) adipose tissue. These subtypes have different origin, differences in the expression of individual genes but also a lot in common. Both tissues are thermogenic, which means that, by increasing energy consumption, they can improve their balance with excess intake. Both tissues are activated in response to specific inducers (cold, beta-adrenergic receptor activation, certain food and drugs), but beige adipose tissue transdifferentiates back into white adipose tissue after the cessation of inducing action, while classic brown adipose tissue persists, but its activity decreases. In this review, we attempted to understand whether there are differences in the effects of different groups of thermogenesis-affecting drugs on these tissues. The analysis showed that this area of research is rather sparse and requires close attention in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A. Kononova
- World-Class Scientific Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Taisiia P. Tuchina
- Endocrinology Department, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Alina Yu. Babenko
- World-Class Scientific Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia;
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9
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Lai HH, Jeng KS, Huang CT, Chu AJ, Her GM. Heightened TPD52 linked to metabolic dysfunction and associated abnormalities in zebrafish. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 761:110166. [PMID: 39349129 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
The tumor protein D52 (TPD52) gene encodes a proto-oncogene protein associated with various medical conditions, including breast and prostate cancers. It plays a role in multiple biological pathways such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The function of TPD52 in lipid droplet biosynthesis has been investigated in vitro. However, its precise role in lipid metabolism in animal models is not fully understood. To investigate the functions of TPD52 in vivo, we performed a conditional TPD52 protein expression analysis using a Tet-off transgenic system to establish conditionally expressed Tpd52 transgenic zebrafish. The effect of Tpd52 on lipogenesis was assessed using various methods, including whole-mount Oil Red O staining, histological examination, and measurement of inflammatory markers and potential targets using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting in Tpd52 fish. Zebrafish with increased Tpd52 levels exhibited notable weight gain and the enlargement of fat deposits, which were mainly attributed to an increase in the volume of adipocytes. Moreover, Tpd52 overexpression was correlated with the triggering of the adipocyte differentiation signaling pathway. During adipocytic differentiation in response to nutrient status, our observations revealed adipogenesis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic cardiomyopathy (MCM) in Tpd52 transgenic zebrafish. To gain a deeper understanding of the contribution of these proteins to the regulation of cellular growth, we investigated the expression of their corresponding genes and proteins in zebrafish. In the present study, the activated protein kinase pathway was identified as the primary target of TPD52. Adult Tpd52 zebrafish showed increased lipid accumulation, resulting in the development of visceral obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and MCM. These findings strongly suggest that TPD52 actively contributes to adipose tissue expansion and its subsequent effects. This investigation provides compelling evidence that Tpd52 facilitates adipocyte development and related metabolic comorbidities in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Lai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Shyang Jeng
- Division of General Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, 220, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Tsui Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, 220, Taiwan
| | - An-Ju Chu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Guor Mour Her
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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10
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Guo X, Feng H, Cai L, Zheng J, Li Y. DPP-IV as a potential candidate in anti-obesity and obesity-related diseases treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117464. [PMID: 39326107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Along with social development and lifestyle changes, the number of overweight and obese patients worldwide is rising annually. Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease with complex etiology. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a novel adipokine with significantly elevated expression in the visceral fat of obese patients. DPP-IV is a molecule that regulates metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Through its enzymatic activity, it plays a significant part in achieving hypoglycemic and weight loss effects through various pathways. DPP-IV and DPP-IV inhibitors also have pleiotropic effects in modulating obesity-related diseases by reducing obesity-related inflammation, ameliorating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), improving hepatic steatosis and lowering cardiovascular risk, and even decreasing the risk of novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). This paper reviews the mechanisms of action based on DPP-IV targets in obesity and metabolic homeostasis, as well as their active role in the treatment of chronic diseases associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Huolun Feng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Liyang Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Jiabin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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11
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Yang X, Lin R, Feng C, Kang Q, Yu P, Deng Y, Jin Y. Research Progress on Peptide Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes and the Possibility of Oral Administration. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1353. [PMID: 39598478 PMCID: PMC11597531 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global disease that can lead to a range of complications. Currently, the treatment of type 2 diabetes focuses on oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin analogues. Studies have shown that drugs such as oral metformin are useful in the treatment of diabetes but can limit the liver's ability to release sugar. The development of glucose-lowering peptides has provided new options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Peptide drugs have low oral utilization due to their easy degradation, short half-life, and difficulty passing through the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, improving the oral utilization of peptide drugs remains an urgent problem. This paper reviews the research progress of peptide drugs in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and proposes that different types of nano-formulation carriers, such as liposomes, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, and polymer particles, should be combined with peptide drugs for oral administration to improve their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (X.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Ruiting Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (X.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Changzhuo Feng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.F.); (Q.K.); (P.Y.)
| | - Qiyuan Kang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.F.); (Q.K.); (P.Y.)
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.F.); (Q.K.); (P.Y.)
| | - Yongzhi Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (X.Y.); (R.L.)
| | - Ye Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (X.Y.); (R.L.)
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12
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Quagliariello V, Canale ML, Bisceglia I, Iovine M, Giordano V, Giacobbe I, Scherillo M, Gabrielli D, Maurea C, Barbato M, Inno A, Berretta M, Tedeschi A, Oliva S, Greco A, Maurea N. Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Cardio-Oncology: Pathophysiology of Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:11299. [PMID: 39457081 PMCID: PMC11508560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252011299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients, especially long cancer survivors, are exposed to several cardio-metabolic diseases, including diabetes, heart failure, and atherosclerosis, which increase their risk of cardiovascular mortality. Therapy with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists demonstrated several beneficial cardiovascular effects, including atherosclerosis and heart failure prevention. Cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) suggest that GLP-1 RA could exert cardiorenal benefits and systemic anti-inflammatory effects in patients with type-2 diabetes through the activation of cAMP and PI3K/AkT pathways and the inhibition of NLRP-3 and MyD88. In this narrative review, we highlight the biochemical properties of GLP-1 RA through a deep analysis of the clinical and preclinical evidence of the primary prevention of cardiomyopathies. The overall picture of this review encourages the study of GLP-1 RA in cancer patients with type-2 diabetes, as a potential primary prevention strategy against heart failure and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (V.G.); (I.G.); (M.B.); (N.M.)
| | | | - Irma Bisceglia
- Servizi Cardiologici Integrati, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, 00148 Rome, Italy;
| | - Martina Iovine
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (V.G.); (I.G.); (M.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Vienna Giordano
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (V.G.); (I.G.); (M.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Ilaria Giacobbe
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (V.G.); (I.G.); (M.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Marino Scherillo
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital San Pio Benevento (BN), 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Domenico Gabrielli
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Maurea
- Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Matteo Barbato
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (V.G.); (I.G.); (M.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Alessandro Inno
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andrea Tedeschi
- Cardiology Unit of Emergency Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Stefano Oliva
- UOSD Cardiologia di Interesse Oncologico IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Greco
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Nicola Maurea
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.I.); (V.G.); (I.G.); (M.B.); (N.M.)
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13
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Zhou JX, Yang MY, Zhai DG, Jiang Q, Zhang Q. Overexpression of METTL14 mediates steatohepatitis and insulin resistance in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35467. [PMID: 39165987 PMCID: PMC11334898 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid accumulation and redox imbalance, resulting from dysregulation of hepatic fatty acids oxidation, contribute to the development of steatohepatitis and insulin resistance. Recently, dysregulated RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification has been found involving fatty liver. However, the role of methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), the core component of m6A methylation, in the development of steatohepatitis is unknown. Herein, we aimed to explore the role of METTL14 on steatohepatitis and insulin resistance in mice with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Methods The liver tissues of mice and patients with MASLD were collected to detect the expression of METTL14. METTL14 overexpression and METTL14 silence were used to investigate the effect of METTL14 on lipid metabolism disorder in vivo and in vitro. Knockout of METTL14 in primary hepatocytes was used to investigate the role of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) on lipid accumulation induced by METTL14. Results METTL14 was dramatically up-regulated in the livers of db/db mice, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, and patients with MASLD. METTL14 overexpression exacerbated MASLD and promoted lipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance in mice. Conversely, METTL14 knockout ameliorated lipid deposition and insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, METTL14 overexpression facilitated lipid accumulation, while METTL14 knockout reduced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes. In addition, METTL14 lost up-regulated SIRT1 expression in hepatocytes. SIRT1 deficiency abrogated the ameliorating effects of METTL14 downregulation in MASLD mice. Conclusions These findings suggest that dysfunction of the METTL14-SIRT1 pathway might promote hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Man-Yi Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- International Joint Research Center of Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Technology Equipment & Standards, Changsha, 410008, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Deng-Gao Zhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- International Joint Research Center of Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Technology Equipment & Standards, Changsha, 410008, China
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14
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De Fano M, Malara M, Vermigli C, Murdolo G. Adipose Tissue: A Novel Target of the Incretin Axis? A Paradigm Shift in Obesity-Linked Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8650. [PMID: 39201336 PMCID: PMC11354636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) represents a plastic organ that can undergo significant remodeling in response to metabolic demands. With its numerous checkpoints, the incretin system seems to play a significant role in controlling glucose homeostasis and energy balance. The importance of the incretin hormones, namely the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), in controlling the function of adipose cells has been brought to light by recent studies. Notably, a "paradigm shift" in reevaluating the role of the incretin system in AT as a potential target to treat obesity-linked metabolic disorders resulted from the demonstration that a disruption of the GIP and GLP-1 signaling axis in fat is associated with adiposity-induced insulin-resistance (IR) and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We will briefly discuss the (patho)physiological functions of GLP-1 and GIP signaling in AT in this review, emphasizing their potential impacts on lipid storage, adipogenesis, glucose metabolism and inflammation. We will also address the conundrum with the perturbation of the incretin axis in white or brown fat tissue and the emergence of metabolic disorders. In order to reduce or avoid adiposity-related metabolic complications, we will finally go over a potential scientific rationale for suggesting AT as a novel target for GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists and co-agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelantonio De Fano
- Complex Structure of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria Misericordia, Ospedale di Perugia, 06081 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.V.); (G.M.)
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15
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Dave BP, Chorawala MR, Shah IV, Shah NN, Bhagat SU, Prajapati BG, Thakkar PC. From diabetes to diverse domains: the multifaceted roles of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:835. [PMID: 39042283 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) emerged as a primary treatment for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), however, their multifaceted effects on various target organs beyond glycemic control opened a new era of treatment. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library to identify clinical, in-vivo, and in-vitro studies focusing on the diverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Eligible studies were selected based on their relevance to the varied roles of GLP-1RAs in T2DM management and their impact on other physiological functions. Numerous studies have reported the efficacy of GLP-1RAs in improving outcomes in T2DM, with demonstrated benefits including glucose-dependent insulinotropic actions, modulation of insulin signaling pathways, and reductions in glycemic excursions. Additionally, GLP-1 receptors are expressed in various tissues and organs, suggesting their widespread physiological functions beyond glycemic control potentially include neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and metabolic benefits. However, further scientific studies are still underway to maximize the benefits of GLP-1RAs and to discover additional roles in improving health benefits. This article sought to review not only the actions of GLP1RAs in the treatment of T2DM but also explore its effects on potential targets in other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavarth P Dave
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Ishika V Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Nidhi N Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Shivam U Bhagat
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
| | - Pratik C Thakkar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Manaaki Mānawa - The Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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16
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Zhao L, Li W, Zhang P, Wang D, Yang L, Yuan G. Liraglutide induced browning of visceral white adipose through regulation of miRNAs in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Endocrine 2024; 85:222-232. [PMID: 38378894 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT). Conversely, brown adipose tissue is protective against obesity. We recently reported liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), could inhibit high-fat-diet-induced obesity by browning of WAT. However, the molecular mechanism involved is not well defined. Hence, we aimed to explore whether GLP-1RA could promote brown remodeling in WAT by regulating miRNAs. METHODS After the obesity model was successfully constructed, C57BL/6J mice were treated with liraglutide (200 μg/kg/d) or equivoluminal saline subcutaneously for 12 weeks. Then, the deposition of abdominal fat was measured by CT scanning. At the end of the treatments, glucose and insulin tolerance in mice were assessed. Serum lipid levels were monitored and epididymal WAT (eWAT) were collected for analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analyses were conducted to evaluate the expression of genes and miRNAs associated with white fat browning. RESULTS Liraglutide significantly reduced body weight and visceral fat mass. Levels of lipid profile were also improved. Liraglutide upregulated the expression of browning-related genes in eWAT. Meanwhile, the expression level of miRNAs (miR-196a and miR-378a) positively associated with the browning of WAT were increased, while the expression of miR-155, miR-199a, and miR-382 negatively related with browning of WAT were decreased. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that liraglutide could promote brown remodeling of visceral WAT by bi-regulating miRNAs; this might be one of the mechanisms underlying its effect on weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenxin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taicang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Chen JH, Chi PJ, Chen CY, Tai CM, Chen PJ, Su YC, Lin HY, Wu MS. Three-Month Excessive Body Weight Loss < 37.7% as a Predictor of Mid-term Suboptimal Outcomes Postlaparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Risk Factors and the Impact of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio on Adipocyte Function. Obes Surg 2024; 34:2317-2328. [PMID: 38851646 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the impact of achieving < 37.7% excess body-weight loss (EBWL) within 3 months of postlaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on clinical outcomes and its correlation with adipocyte function. METHODS Patients (n = 176) who underwent LSG between January 2019 and January 2023 were included. Weight loss and status of health markers were monitored postoperatively. The cohort was stratified based on EBWL < 37.7% at 3 months or not. Variables including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), insulin resistance, and comorbidities were analyzed. Omental visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were used to analyze the differences in adipocyte function by western blot. RESULTS Patients with EBWL < 37.7% at 3 months post-LSG (suboptimal group) comprised less likelihood of achieving ≥ 50% EBWL than those who achieved ≥ 37.7% EBWL (optimal group) at 6 months (42.55% vs. 95.52% in optimal group, p < 0.001), 12 months (85.11% vs. 99.25% in optimal group, p < 0.001) and 24 months (77.14% vs. 94.74% in optimal group, p = 0.009) post-LSG. High BMI (OR = 1.222, 95% CI 1.138-1.312, p < 0.001), NLR ≥ 2.36 (OR = 2.915, 95% CI 1.257-6.670, p = 0.013), and female sex (OR = 3.243, 95% CI 1.306-8.051, p = 0.011) significantly predicted EBWL < 37.7% at 3 months post-LSG. Patients with NLR ≥ 2.36 had significantly lower adipose triglyceride lipase in omental fat (p = 0.025). CONCLUSION EBWL < 37.7% at 3 months post-LSG is a strong predictor of subsequent suboptimal weight loss. High BMI, NLR ≥ 2.36, and female sex are risk factors in predicting EBWL < 37.7% at 3 months post-LSG. These findings may offer a reference to apply adjuvant weight loss medications to patients who are predisposed to suboptimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Han Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Yanchao Dist, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yida Rd, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan.
- Bariatric and Metabolism International Surgery Center, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Jui Chi
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Devision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 824, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Yanchao Dist, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yida Rd, Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan
- Bariatric and Metabolism International Surgery Center, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Tai
- Bariatric and Metabolism International Surgery Center, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 824, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 824, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, E-Da Cancer & E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Sato R, von Haehling S. Targeting obesity for therapeutic intervention in heart failure patients. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2024; 22:217-230. [PMID: 38864827 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2024.2363395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly heterogeneous syndrome, making it challenging to improve prognosis with pharmacotherapy. Obesity is one of the leading phenotypes of HFpEF, and its prevalence continues to grow worldwide. Consequently, obesity-targeted interventions have attracted attention as a novel treatment strategy for HFpEF. AREAS COVERED The authors review the association between the pathogenesis of obesity and HFpEF and the potential for obesity-targeted pharmacotherapeutic strategies in HFpEF, together with the latest evidence. The literature search was conducted in PubMed up to April 2024. EXPERT OPINION The STEP HFpEF (Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity and HFpEF) and SELECT (Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People with Overweight or Obesity) trials recently demonstrated that the glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, semaglutide, improves various aspects of clinical outcomes in obese HFpEF patients and significantly reduces cardiovascular and heart failure events in non-diabetic obese patients, along with a substantial weight loss. Future clinical trials with other incretin mimetics with more potent weight loss and sub-analyses of the SELECT trial may further emphasize the importance of the obesity phenotype-based approach in the treatment of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sato
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Lower Saxony, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Lower Saxony, Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Vergès B. Do anti-obesity medical treatments have a direct effect on adipose tissue? ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:179-183. [PMID: 38871515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
During the past years, several drugs have been developed for the treatment of obesity. Some are already used in clinical practice: orlistat, GLP-1 receptor agonists (RA), GLP-1/GIP biagonists and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) agonist, setmelanotide. Some should be available in the future: GLP-1/glucagon biagonists, GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triagonists. These drugs act mainly by reducing food intake or fat absorption. However, many of them show specific effects on the adipose tissue. All these drugs show significant reduction of fat mass and, more particularly of visceral fat. If most of the drugs, except orlistat, have been shown to increase energy expenditure in rodents with enhanced thermogenesis, this has not yet been clearly demonstrated in humans. However, biagonists or triagonist stimulating glucagon seem to a have a more potent effect to increase thermogenesis in the adipose tissue and, thus, energy expenditure. Most of these drugs have been shown to increase the production of adiponectin and to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the adipose tissue. GLP-1RAs reduce the size of adipocytes and promote their differentiation. GLP-1RAS and GLP-1/GIP biagonists reduce, in the adipose tissue, the expression of several genes involved in lipogenesis. Further studies are still needed to clarify the precise roles, on the adipose tissue, of these drugs dedicated for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, University Hospital, Dijon, France; Inserm, LNR, UMR1231, University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
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20
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IIDA M, ASANO A. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on spermatogenesis-related gene expression in mouse testis and testis-derived cell lines. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:555-562. [PMID: 38556323 PMCID: PMC11144540 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.24-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin released into the gastrointestinal tract after food ingestion, and stimulates insulin secretion from the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. Incretins have recently been reported to have extrapancreatic actions, and they are anticipated to have potential efficacy for conditions such as male infertility as well as diabetes. However, the effects of incretins on male reproductive function remain unclear. In this study, GLP-1 receptor expression and the effects of GLP-1 on spermatogenesis-associated genes were investigated using mouse testes and testis-derived cultured cell lines. Glp1r mRNA and GLP-1 protein were expressed in mouse testes at levels comparable to or greater than those in positive control adipose tissue, and the liver and intestine, and also in a Sertoli cell line (TM4) and a Leydig cell line (MA-10) as well as the GC-1 spg and GC-2 spd (ts) germ cell lines. TM4 cells treated with the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide showed transiently and significantly upregulated Kitl, Pdgfa, and Glp1r mRNA expression. Furthermore, at 1 hr post-exenatide administration to male mice, Kitl and Glp1r mRNA expression levels were significantly increased, and Pdgfa mRNA expression level also showed a tendency toward increase. TM4 cells were treated with various cell-activating agents, and bucladesine elicited significantly increased Glp1r mRNA expression. We suggest that GLP-1 provides acute stimulation of Sertoli cells in the mouse testis and has a stimulatory effect on the expression of spermatogenesis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi IIDA
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Safety Assessment Department, Kumamoto Laboratories, Mediford Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi ASANO
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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21
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Tamayo-Trujillo R, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Cadena-Ullauri S, Guevara-Ramírez P, Paz-Cruz E, Zambrano-Villacres R, Simancas-Racines D, Zambrano AK. Molecular mechanisms of semaglutide and liraglutide as a therapeutic option for obesity. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1398059. [PMID: 38742021 PMCID: PMC11090168 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1398059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic global health problem, is associated with an increase in various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and certain types of cancer. The increasing global prevalence of obesity requires research into new therapeutic strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, specifically semaglutide and liraglutide, designed for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment, have been explored as drugs for the treatment of obesity. This minireview describes the molecular mechanisms of semaglutide and liraglutide in different metabolic pathways, and its mechanism of action in processes such as appetite regulation, insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, and lipid metabolism. Finally, several clinical trial outcomes are described to show the safety and efficacy of these drugs in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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22
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Yang W, Jiang W, Liao W, Yan H, Ai W, Pan Q, Brashear WA, Xu Y, He L, Guo S. An estrogen receptor α-derived peptide improves glucose homeostasis during obesity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3410. [PMID: 38649684 PMCID: PMC11035554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays a crucial role in regulating glucose and energy homeostasis during type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we find a ligand-independent effect of ERα on the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Deficiency of ERα in the liver impairs glucose homeostasis in male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. Mechanistic studies reveal that ERα promotes hepatic insulin sensitivity by suppressing ubiquitination-induced IRS1 degradation. The ERα 1-280 domain mediates the ligand-independent effect of ERα on insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, we identify a peptide based on ERα 1-280 domain and find that ERα-derived peptide increases IRS1 stability and enhances insulin sensitivity. Importantly, administration of ERα-derived peptide into obese mice significantly improves glucose homeostasis and serum lipid profiles. These findings pave the way for the therapeutic intervention of T2DM by targeting the ligand-independent effect of ERα and indicate that ERα-derived peptide is a potential insulin sensitizer for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbao Yang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Weiqi Ai
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Quan Pan
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Wesley A Brashear
- High Performance Research Computing, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ling He
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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23
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Polkinghorne MD, West HW, Antoniades C. Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Disease: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:175-198. [PMID: 37931169 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-021346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The perception of adipose tissue as a metabolically quiescent tissue, primarily responsible for lipid storage and energy balance (with some endocrine, thermogenic, and insulation functions), has changed. It is now accepted that adipose tissue is a crucial regulator of metabolic health, maintaining bidirectional communication with other organs including the cardiovascular system. Additionally, adipose tissue depots are functionally and morphologically heterogeneous, acting not only as sources of bioactive molecules that regulate the physiological functioning of the vasculature and myocardium but also as biosensors of the paracrine and endocrine signals arising from these tissues. In this way, adipose tissue undergoes phenotypic switching in response to vascular and/or myocardial signals (proinflammatory, profibrotic, prolipolytic), a process that novel imaging technologies are able to visualize and quantify with implications for clinical prognosis. Furthermore, a range of therapeutic modalities have emerged targeting adipose tissue metabolism and altering its secretome, potentially benefiting those at risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray D Polkinghorne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Henry W West
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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24
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Kuriyama T, Ishibashi C, Kozawa J, Baden MY, Horii T, Niki A, Ozawa H, Hosokawa Y, Fujita Y, Sadahiro K, Satoh T, Hamaguchi T, Shimomura I. Effects of liraglutide on intrapancreatic fat deposition in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59:208-213. [PMID: 38220377 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ectopic fat deposition is associated with worsening of glycemic control. This study was conducted to determine whether liraglutide reduces ectopic fat deposition, especially in pancreas, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS We retrospectively recruited T2D patients who underwent abdominal unenhanced CT scans both before and after administration of liraglutide (N = 13) or glimepiride (N = 29). Using CT values of pancreas (P), liver (L) and spleen (S), we defined the indices of intrapancreatic and liver fat as P-S value and L-S value, respectively. Increase of each value suggests the reduction of each fat deposition. RESULTS The values of HbA1c (p = 0.0017) and body weight (p = 0.0081) decreased, and L-S (p = 0.0024) increased significantly after administration of liraglutide compared with those at baseline. Similarly, P-S tended to increase in the liraglutide group (p = 0.0547) and increased significantly in the liraglutide subgroup with fatty pancreas (p = 0.0303), defined as having baseline P-S less than -5. In the glimepiride group, P-S did not increase regardless of baseline P-S. Among patients with fatty pancreas, administration of liraglutide tended to be a significant factor for the change in P-S after adjustment for the change in HbA1c (p = 0.1090) and the change in visceral fat area (p = 0.1030). CONCLUSIONS Intrapancreatic fat deposition was decreased after treatment with liraglutide, but not glimepiride, in T2D patients with fatty pancreas. Liraglutide might reduce intrapancreatic fat deposition independently of decreases in HbA1c and visceral fat volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Kuriyama
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Itami City Hospital, Itami, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Chisaki Ishibashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Junji Kozawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Megu Y Baden
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomomi Horii
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiko Niki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Ozawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Hosokawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Sadahiro
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Itami City Hospital, Itami, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Satoh
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Itami City Hospital, Itami, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hamaguchi
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Itami City Hospital, Itami, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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25
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Alharbi SH. Anti-inflammatory role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and its clinical implications. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188231222367. [PMID: 38288136 PMCID: PMC10823863 DOI: 10.1177/20420188231222367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents with potent anti-inflammatory properties and diverse clinical implications. This in-depth review article explores the mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory actions of GLP-1RAs and assesses their prospective applicability in a wide range of disease scenarios. The current review establishes the significance of comprehending the anti-inflammatory role of GLP-1RAs and identifies pertinent research gaps. A concise overview of inflammation and its clinical consequences underscores the critical need for effective anti-inflammatory interventions. Subsequently, the article elucidates the intricate mechanisms through which GLP-1RAs modulate immune cell signaling and regulate the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Detailed discussions encompass their impact on inflammatory responses, cytokine production, and attenuation of oxidative stress. The exposition is substantiated by a collection of pertinent examples and an extensive array of references from both preclinical and clinical investigations. The historical trajectory of GLP-1RA drugs, including exenatide, lixisenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide, is traced to delineate their development as therapeutic agents. Moreover, the review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of GLP-1RAs in specific disease contexts like type 2 diabetes, a neurodegenerative disorder, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), shedding light on their anti-inflammatory effects through rigorous examination of preclinical and clinical studies. The article also provides an outlook on future perspectives for GLP-1RAs, encompassing the domains of diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and IBD. In conclusion, GLP-1RAs exhibit substantial anti-inflammatory effects, rendering them promising therapeutic agents with broad clinical implications. They are very useful in a wide variety of diseases because they regulate immunological responses, block NF-κB activation, and decrease production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Ongoing research endeavors aim to optimize their therapeutic use, delineate patient-specific treatment paradigms, and explore novel therapeutic applications. GLP-1RAs represent a significant breakthrough in anti-inflammatory therapy, offering novel treatment options, and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Hadi Alharbi
- Department of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11652, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Yu P, Wang W, Guo W, Cheng L, Wan Z, Cheng Y, Shen Y, Xu F. Pioglitazone-Enhanced Brown Fat Whitening Contributes to Weight Gain in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131:595-604. [PMID: 37729949 DOI: 10.1055/a-2178-9113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pioglitazone is an insulin sensitizer used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pioglitazone on white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with pioglitazone (30 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks after a 16-week high-fat diet (HFD) challenge. Body weight gain, body fat mass, energy intake, and glucose homeostasis were measured during or after the treatment. Histopathology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin, oil red O, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. Expression of thermogenic and mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. RESULTS After 4-week pioglitazone treatment, the fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved, but the body weight gain and fat mass were increased in DIO mice. Compared with the HFD group, pioglitazone did not significantly affect the weights of liver and WAT in both subcutaneous and epididymal regions. Unexpectedly, the weight of BAT was increased after pioglitazone treatment. Histological staining revealed that pioglitazone ameliorated hepatic steatosis, reduced the adipocyte size in WAT, but increased the adipocyte size in BAT. CONCLUSION Though pioglitazone can promote lipolysis, thermogenesis, and mitochondrial function in WAT, it leads to impaired thermogenesis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in BAT. In conclusion, pioglitazone could promote the browning of WAT but led to the whitening of BAT; the latter might be a new potential mechanism of pioglitazone-induced weight gain during T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaojian Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wanrong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lidan Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiping Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanglei Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
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Menghini R, Casagrande V, Rizza S, Federici M. GLP-1RAs and cardiovascular disease: is the endothelium a relevant platform? Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1441-1448. [PMID: 37401947 PMCID: PMC10520195 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia strongly affects endothelial function and activation, which in turn increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Among pharmacotherapies aimed at lowering blood glucose levels, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) represent a class of drugs involved in the improvement of the endothelium damage and the progression of cardiovascular diseases. They show antihypertensive and antiatherosclerotic actions due at least in part to direct favorable actions on the coronary vascular endothelium, such as oxidative stress reduction and nitric oxide increase. However, cumulative peripheral indirect actions could also contribute to the antiatherosclerotic functions of GLP-1/GLP-1R agonists, including metabolism and gut microbiome regulation. Therefore, further research is necessary to clarify the specific role of this drug class in the management of cardiovascular disease and to identify specific cellular targets involved in the protective signal transduction. In the present review, we provide an overview of the effects of GLP-1RAs treatment on cardiovascular disease with particular attention on potential molecular mechanisms involving endothelium function on formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Menghini
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Casagrande
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Rizza
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Departments of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
- Center for Atherosclerosis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Li W, Zhuang T, Wang Z, Wang X, Liu L, Luo Y, Wang R, Li L, Huang W, Wang Z, Yang L, Ding L. Red ginseng extracts ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by activating the intestinal TGR5-mediated bile acids signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154982. [PMID: 37531904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has emerged as a worldwide metabolic disease, given its rapid growth in global prevalence. Red ginseng extracts (RGS), one of the traditional processed products of ginseng, show the potential to improve the metabolic phenotype of obesity. However, the RGS mechanism for regulating obesity and late insulin resistance remains to be clarified. PURPOSE This study aimed to emphasize the potential use of RGS in treatment of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) and explore the underlying mechanism affecting glucose and lipid metabolism improvements. METHODS The role of RGS was evaluated in a high-fat diet (HFD) rodent model. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed to characterize the glucose metabolism level. The expression of lipolysis proteins and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) were investigated by western blot. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) protein expression in the intestine were determined via immunofluorescence. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS were used to detect the alterations in bile acids (BAs) levels in serum, ileum, and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). In addition, intestine-specific Tgr5 knockout mice were employed to verify the efficacy of RGS in improving obesity. RESULTS RGS treatment alleviated dietary-induced dyslipidemia and IR in obese mice in a dose-dependent manner and improved glucose and insulin tolerance, and energy expenditure. RGS treatment significantly reduced lipid deposition and induced GLP-1 secretion in the intestine of wild-type mice but not in Tgr5ΔIN obese mice. Furthermore, RGS intervention increased BA levels in serum, ileum, and iWAT. The increase of circulating BAs in mice was related to the activation of ileal TGR5 and the promotion of ASBT translocation to the plasma membrane, thus affecting BA transport. Next, the increased level of circulating BAs entered the periphery, which might facilitate lipolysis and energy consumption by activating TGR5 in iWAT. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that RGS significantly alleviated HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. RGS intervention improved glucose metabolism, promoted lipolysis, and energy metabolism by activating TGR5 in the intestine. In addition, we found that activating intestinal TGR5 facilitated the localization of ASBT to the plasma membrane, which ultimately promoted the transport of BAs to regulate metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tongxi Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xunjiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Longchan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yixuan Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Institute of Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Bernardini F, Nusca A, Coletti F, La Porta Y, Piscione M, Vespasiano F, Mangiacapra F, Ricottini E, Melfi R, Cavallari I, Ussia GP, Grigioni F. Incretins-Based Therapies and Their Cardiovascular Effects: New Game-Changers for the Management of Patients with Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1858. [PMID: 37514043 PMCID: PMC10386670 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors were demonstrated to play a markedly protective role for the cardiovascular system beyond their glycemic control. Several cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT) reported the association between using these agents and a significant reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with T2D and a high cardiovascular risk profile. Moreover, recent evidence highlights a favorable benefit/risk profile in myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary revascularization settings. These clinical effects result from their actions on multiple molecular mechanisms involving the immune system, platelets, and endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. This comprehensive review specifically concentrates on these cellular and molecular processes mediating the cardiovascular effects of incretins-like molecules, aiming to improve clinicians' knowledge and stimulate a more extensive use of these drugs in clinical practice as helpful cardiovascular preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bernardini
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziata Nusca
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Coletti
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Ylenia La Porta
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Piscione
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Vespasiano
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Mangiacapra
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ricottini
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosetta Melfi
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cavallari
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Ussia
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Grigioni
- Unit of Cardiac Sciences, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Mattar P, Jaque C, Teske JA, Morselli E, Kerr B, Cortés V, Baudrand R, Perez-Leighton CE. Impact of short and long exposure to cafeteria diet on food intake and white adipose tissue lipolysis mediated by glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1164047. [PMID: 37293487 PMCID: PMC10244886 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1164047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The modern food environment facilitates excessive calorie intake, a major driver of obesity. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) is a neuroendocrine peptide that has been the basis for developing new pharmacotherapies against obesity. The GLP1 receptor (GLP1R) is expressed in central and peripheral tissues, and activation of GLP1R reduces food intake, increases the expression of thermogenic proteins in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and enhances lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT). Obesity decreases the efficiency of GLP1R agonists in reducing food intake and body weight. Still, whether palatable food intake before or during the early development of obesity reduces the effects of GLP1R agonists on food intake and adipose tissue metabolism remains undetermined. Further, whether GLP1R expressed in WAT contributes to these effects is unclear. Methods Food intake, expression of thermogenic BAT proteins, and WAT lipolysis were measured after central or peripheral administration of Exendin-4 (EX4), a GLP1R agonist, to mice under intermittent-short exposure to CAF diet (3 h/d for 8 days) or a longer-continuous exposure to CAF diet (24 h/d for 15 days). Ex-vivo lipolysis was measured after EX4 exposure to WAT samples from mice fed CAF or control diet for 12 weeks. . Results During intermittent-short exposure to CAF diet (3 h/d for 8 days), third ventricle injection (ICV) and intra-peritoneal administration of EX4 reduced palatable food intake. Yet, during a longer-continuous exposure to CAF diet (24 h/d for 15 days), only ICV EX4 administration reduced food intake and body weight. However, this exposure to CAF diet blocked the increase in uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) caused by ICV EX4 administration in mice fed control diet. Finally, GLP1R expression in WAT was minimal, and EX4 failed to increase lipolysis ex-vivo in WAT tissue samples from mice fed CAF or control diet for 12 weeks. . Discussion Exposure to a CAF diet during the early stages of obesity reduces the effects of peripheral and central GLP1R agonists, and WAT does not express a functional GLP1 receptor. These data support that exposure to the obesogenic food environment, without the development or manifestation of obesity, can alter the response to GLP1R agonists. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Mattar
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Jaque
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer A. Teske
- Department of Physiology, School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs in Physiological Sciences and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition at the University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bredford Kerr
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina-CEBICEM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Cortés
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene Baudrand
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Traslacional de Endocrinologia UC CETREN, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Cao H, Cai Q, Guo W, Su Q, Qin H, Wang T, Xian Y, Zeng L, Cai M, Guan H, Chen S, Liang H, Xu F. Malonylation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 promotes hepatic steatosis and is attenuated by ketogenic diet in NAFLD. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112319. [PMID: 37002924 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) participate in important bioactive regulatory processes and therefore can help elucidate the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we investigate the involvement of PTMs in ketogenic diet (KD)-improved fatty liver by multi-omics and reveal a core target of lysine malonylation, acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase 1 (ACC1). ACC1 protein levels and Lys1523 malonylation are significantly decreased by KD. A malonylation-mimic mutant of ACC1 increases its enzyme activity and stability to promote hepatic steatosis, whereas the malonylation-null mutant upregulates the ubiquitination degradation of ACC1. A customized Lys1523ACC1 malonylation antibody confirms the increased malonylation of ACC1 in the NAFLD samples. Overall, the lysine malonylation of ACC1 is attenuated by KD in NAFLD and plays an important role in promoting hepatic steatosis. Malonylation is critical for ACC1 activity and stability, highlighting the anti-malonylation effect of ACC1 as a potential strategy for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyi Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China; Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Qingxian Cai
- Department of Hepatopathy, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, P.R. China
| | - Wanrong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Su
- Animal Experiment Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hancheng Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yingxin Xian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Longyi Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Mengyin Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Sifan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China.
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China.
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32
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Li Z, Zhang B, Wang N, Zuo Z, Wei H, Zhao F. A novel peptide protects against diet-induced obesity by suppressing appetite and modulating the gut microbiota. Gut 2023; 72:686-698. [PMID: 35803703 PMCID: PMC10086289 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The obesity epidemic and its metabolic complications continue to be a major global public health threat with limited effective treatments, especially drugs that can be taken orally. Peptides are a promising class of molecules that have gained increased interest for their applications in medicine and biotechnology. In this study, we focused on looking for peptides that can be administrated orally to treat obesity and exploring its mechanisms. DESIGN Here, a 9-amino-acid peptide named D3 was designed and administered orally to germ-free (GF) mice and wild-type (WT) mice, rats and macaques. The effects of D3 on body weight and other basal metabolic parameters were evaluated. The effects of D3 on gut microbiota were evaluated using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. To identify and confirm the mechanisms of D3, transcriptome analysis of ileum and molecular approaches on three animal models were performed. RESULTS A significant body weight reduction was observed both in WT (12%) and GF (9%) mice treated with D3. D3 ameliorated leptin resistance and upregulated the expression of uroguanylin (UGN), which suppresses appetite via the UGN-GUCY2C endocrine axis. Similar effects were also found in diet-induced obese rat and macaque models. Furthermore, the abundance of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila increased about 100 times through the IFNγ-Irgm1 axis after D3 treatment, which may further inhibit fat absorption by downregulating Cd36. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that D3 is a novel drug candidate for counteracting diet-induced obesity as a non-toxic and bioactive peptide. Targeting the UGN-GUCY2C endocrine axis may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhan Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zuo
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Laboratory Animal Department, College of Basic Medicine Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Ziqubu K, Dludla PV, Mthembu SXH, Nkambule BB, Mabhida SE, Jack BU, Nyambuya TM, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE. An insight into brown/beige adipose tissue whitening, a metabolic complication of obesity with the multifactorial origin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1114767. [PMID: 36875450 PMCID: PMC9978510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1114767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a thermoregulatory organ known to promote energy expenditure, has been extensively studied as a potential avenue to combat obesity. Although BAT is the opposite of white adipose tissue (WAT) which is responsible for energy storage, BAT shares thermogenic capacity with beige adipose tissue that emerges from WAT depots. This is unsurprising as both BAT and beige adipose tissue display a huge difference from WAT in terms of their secretory profile and physiological role. In obesity, the content of BAT and beige adipose tissue declines as these tissues acquire the WAT characteristics via the process called "whitening". This process has been rarely explored for its implication in obesity, whether it contributes to or exacerbates obesity. Emerging research has demonstrated that BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening is a sophisticated metabolic complication of obesity that is linked to multiple factors. The current review provides clarification on the influence of various factors such as diet, age, genetics, thermoneutrality, and chemical exposure on BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening. Moreover, the defects and mechanisms that underpin the whitening are described. Notably, the BAT/beige adipose tissue whitening can be marked by the accumulation of large unilocular lipid droplets, mitochondrial degeneration, and collapsed thermogenic capacity, by the virtue of mitochondrial dysfunction, devascularization, autophagy, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Sinenhlanhla X. H. Mthembu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Babalwa U. Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
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Kourtidou C, Tziomalos K. Pharmacological Management of Obesity in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:496. [PMID: 36831032 PMCID: PMC9953739 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. A substantial proportion of patients with PCOS are either overweight or obese, and excess body weight aggravates the hormonal, reproductive and metabolic manifestations of PCOS. In recent years, several studies evaluated the role of various pharmacological agents in the management of obesity in this population. Most reports assessed glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and showed a substantial reduction in body weight. More limited data suggest that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors might also be effective in the management of obesity in these patients. In the present review, we discuss the current evidence on the safety and efficacy of these agents in overweight and obese patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Tziomalos
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wang JY, Wang QW, Yang XY, Yang W, Li DR, Jin JY, Zhang HC, Zhang XF. GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity: Role as a promising approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1085799. [PMID: 36843578 PMCID: PMC9945324 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1085799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation which is caused by genetic, environmental and other factors. In recent years, there has been an increase in the morbidity, disability rate,and mortality due to obesity, making it great threat to people's health and lives, and increasing public health care expenses. Evidence from previous studies show that weight loss can significantly reduce the risk of obesity-related complications and chronic diseases. Diet control, moderate exercise, behavior modification programs, bariatric surgery and prescription drug treatment are the major interventions used to help people lose weight. Among them, anti-obesity drugs have high compliance rates and cause noticeable short-term effects in reducing obese levels. However, given the safety or effectiveness concerns of anti-obesity drugs, many of the currently used drugs have limited clinical use. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are a group of drugs that targets incretin hormone action, and its receptors are widely distributed in nerves, islets, heart, lung, skin, and other organs. Several animal experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated that GLP-1R agonists are more effective in treating or preventing obesity. Therefore, GLP-1R agonists are promising agents for the treatment of obese individuals. This review describes evidence from previous research on the effects of GLP-1R agonists on obesity. We anticipate that this review will generate data that will help biomedical researchers or clinical workers develop obesity treatments based on GLP-1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quan-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong-Rui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing-Yu Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui-Cong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xian-Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Jansen KM, Dahdah N, Gama-Perez P, Schots PC, Larsen TS, Garcia-Roves PM. Impact of GLP-1 receptor agonist versus omega-3 fatty acids supplement on obesity-induced alterations of mitochondrial respiration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1098391. [PMID: 37033212 PMCID: PMC10076843 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1098391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare administration of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, exenatide, versus dietary supplementation with the omega-3 fatty acid-rich Calanus oil on obesity-induced alterations in mitochondrial respiration. METHODS Six-week-old female C57BL/6JOlaHSD mice were given high fat diet (HFD, 45% energy from fat) for 12 weeks to induce obesity. Thereafter, they were divided in three groups where one received exenatide (10 μg/kg/day) via subcutaneously implanted mini-osmotic pumps, a second group received 2% Calanus oil as dietary supplement, while the third group received HFD without any treatment. Animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment and tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue) were collected for measurement of mitochondrial respiratory activity by high-resolution respirometry, using an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k (Oroboros instruments, Innsbruck, Austria). RESULTS It was found that high-fat feeding led to a marked reduction of mitochondrial respiration in adipose tissue during all three states investigated - LEAK, OXPHOS and ETS. This response was to some extent attenuated by exenatide treatment, but not with Calanus oil treatment. High-fat feeding had no major effect on hepatic mitochondrial respiration, but exenatide treatment resulted in a significant increase in the various respiratory states in liver. Mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle was not significantly influenced by high-fat diet or any of the treatments. The precise evaluation of mitochondrial respiration considering absolute oxygen flux and ratios to assess flux control efficiency avoided misinterpretation of the results. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide increased hepatic mitochondrial respiration in high-fat fed mice, but no clear beneficial effect was observed in skeletal muscle or fat tissue. Calanus oil did not negatively affect respiratory activity in these tissues, which maintains its potential as a dietary supplement, due to its previously reported benefits on cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Jansen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Norma Dahdah
- Department Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pau Gama-Perez
- Department Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pauke C. Schots
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje S. Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Terje S. Larsen, ; Pablo M. Garcia-Roves,
| | - Pablo M. Garcia-Roves
- Department Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- *Correspondence: Terje S. Larsen, ; Pablo M. Garcia-Roves,
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Zhou F, Jiang L, Guo J, Fan Y, Pan Q, Li T, Sun X, Li P. Degree of obesity and gastrointestinal adverse reactions influence the weight loss effect of liraglutide in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2023; 14:20406223231161516. [PMID: 36950020 PMCID: PMC10026133 DOI: 10.1177/20406223231161516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liraglutide can effectively reduce the weight of patients with type 2 diabetes. Nonetheless, its weight loss effect was highly heterogeneous in different patients in the clinical practice. Objective To identify the factors most associated with the weight loss effect of liraglutide in obese or overweight patients with type 2 diabetes with poorly controlled oral medication in northeast China. Design A prospective study. Methods A prospective study was performed in subjects with type 2 diabetes who were taking oral medication and had a body mass index (BMI) of ⩾24 kg/m2. Liraglutide was administered for at least 12 weeks, while the original hypoglycemic regimen was kept unchanged (Phase I). Later, liraglutide treatment was continued or stopped as necessary or as subjects thought fit in the 13-52 weeks that followed (Phase II), and the potential factors affecting the effect of weight loss of liraglutide were analyzed. Results Of the 127 recruited subjects, 90 had comprehensive follow-up data at week 12. In Phase I, the subjects' blood sugar levels and weight decreased significantly(P < 0.001). Among all the significant factors, the gastrointestinal adverse reactions score (GARS) was more correlated with BMI change (ΔBMI; r = 0.43) and waist circumference change (ΔWC; r = 0.32) than the baseline BMI (BMI0) and WC (WC0). At week 12, linear regression showed that BMI0 independently affected ΔBMI and ΔWC, whereas WC0 only affected ΔWC. The GARS was significantly associated with ΔBMI and ΔWC, and this association continued until week 52, even after most subjects had discontinued liraglutide treatment. Conclusion The degree of obesity and gastrointestinal adverse reactions were the most promising predictors of weight loss in liraglutide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital
of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Northeast International Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiamei Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital
of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Fan
- Department of General Medicine, Shanxi
Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital
of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital
of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoshi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital
of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhu R, Chen S. Proteomic analysis reveals semaglutide impacts lipogenic protein expression in epididymal adipose tissue of obese mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1095432. [PMID: 37025414 PMCID: PMC10070826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1095432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is a global health problem with few pharmacologic options. Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue that induces weight loss. Yet, the role of semaglutide in adipose tissue has not yet been examined. The following study investigated the mechanism of semaglutide on lipid metabolism by analyzing proteomics of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in obese mice. METHODS A total of 36 C57BL/6JC mice were randomly divided into a normal-chow diet group (NCD, n = 12), high-fat diet (HFD, n = 12), and HFD+semaglutide group (Sema, n = 12). Mice in the Sema group were intraperitoneally administered semaglutide, and the HFD group and the NCD group were intraperitoneally administered an equal volume of normal saline. Serum samples were collected to detect fasting blood glucose and blood lipids. The Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was used to measure the blood glucose value at each time point and calculate the area under the glucose curve. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to study the expression of eWAT, while cellular processes, biological processes, corresponding molecular functions, and related network molecular mechanisms were analyzed by bioinformatics. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the semaglutide-treated mice presented 640 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 292 up-regulated and 348 down-regulated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed a reduction of CD36, FABP5, ACSL, ACOX3, PLIN2, ANGPTL4, LPL, MGLL, AQP7, and PDK4 involved in the lipid metabolism in the Sema group accompanied by a decrease in visceral fat accumulation, blood lipids, and improvement in glucose intolerance. CONCLUSION Semaglutide can effectively reduce visceral fat and blood lipids and improve glucose metabolism in obese mice. Semaglutide treatment might have beneficial effects on adipose tissues through the regulation of lipid uptake, lipid storage, and lipolysis in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhu
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Shuchun Chen,
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Bakkar NMZ, AlZaim I, El-Yazbi AF. Depot-specific adipose tissue modulation by SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agonists mediates their cardioprotective effects in metabolic disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1631-1651. [PMID: 36383188 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are newer antidiabetic drug classes, which were recently shown to decrease cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. CV benefits of these drugs could not be directly attributed to their blood glucose lowering capacity possibly implicating a pleotropic effect as a mediator of their impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD). Particularly, preclinical and clinical studies indicate that SGLT-2i(s) and GLP-1 receptor agonists are capable of differentially modulating distinct adipose pools reducing the accumulation of fat in some depots, promoting the healthy expansion of others, and/or enhancing their browning, leading to the suppression of the metabolically induced inflammatory processes. These changes are accompanied with improvements in markers of cardiac structure and injury, coronary and vascular endothelial healing and function, vascular remodeling, as well as reduction of atherogenesis. Here, through a summary of the available evidence, we bring forth our view that the observed CV benefit in response to SGLT-2i or GLP-1 agonists therapy might be driven by their ameliorative impact on adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour-Mounira Z Bakkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alamein, Egypt
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Reiner Ž, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Mechanistic View on the Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Lipid Metabolism in Diabetic Milieu. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6544. [PMID: 36362772 PMCID: PMC9653639 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia induces pathophysiologic pathways with negative effects on the metabolism of most substrates as well as lipids and lipoproteins, and thereby induces dyslipidemia. Thus, the diabetic milieu is commonly accompanied by different levels of atherogenic dyslipidemia, which is per se a major risk factor for subsequent complications such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and nephropathy. Therefore, readjusting lipid metabolism in the diabetic milieu is a major goal for preventing dyslipidemia-induced complications. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of relatively newly introduced antidiabetes drugs (including empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, etc.) with potent hypoglycemic effects and can reduce blood glucose by inducing glycosuria. However, recent evidence suggests that they could also provide extra-glycemic benefits in lipid metabolism. It seems that they can increase fat burning and lipolysis, normalizing the lipid metabolism and preventing or improving dyslipidemia. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms involved in this process are not well-understood. In this review, we tried to explain how these drugs could regulate lipid homeostasis and we presented the possible involved cellular pathways supported by clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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AlZaim I, Eid AH, Abd-Elrahman KS, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiometabolic Diseases: On the Search for Novel Molecular Targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Exenatide increases CTRP3 gene expression in adipose cells by inhibiting adipogenesis and induces apoptosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105479. [PMID: 36152787 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, the number of weight control drugs is very few. Incretin-based therapies are currently being developed to achieve weight control, and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RA) are used in incretin-based therapies. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of exenatide, a GLP-1A, on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the effect of exenatide on the expression of adipogenesis-related genes, insulin and glucose levels, and apoptosis. Cytotoxic activity of exenatide on 3T3-L1 adipocytes was determined by MTT method. Gene expression levels were determined by qPCR. Apoptosis studies were performed on the Muse Cell Analyzer. C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3) expression levels were found to be higher in exenatide treated adipocyte cells than in control cells (p < 0.001). Adipocyte cells treated with exenatide were found to have lower PPAR-γ gene expression levels when compared to control adipocyte cells (p < 0.001). Intracellular insulin (p < 0.001) and glucose levels were higher in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with exenatide compared to control adipocyte cells. Total apoptosis increased approximately 1.5 times as a result of exenatide administration. The increase in CTRP3 gene expression, which is thought to be a new biomarker for obesity, and the decrease in PPAR-γ gene expression indicate that exenatide is a promising new pharmacotherapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity by regulating the expression of genes related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis and inducing apoptosis.
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Signaling pathways in obesity: mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:298. [PMID: 36031641 PMCID: PMC9420733 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, chronic disease and global public health challenge. Characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the body, obesity sharply increases the risk of several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and is linked to lower life expectancy. Although lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) has remarkable effects on weight management, achieving long-term success at weight loss is extremely challenging, and the prevalence of obesity continues to rise worldwide. Over the past decades, the pathophysiology of obesity has been extensively investigated, and an increasing number of signal transduction pathways have been implicated in obesity, making it possible to fight obesity in a more effective and precise way. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the pathogenesis of obesity from both experimental and clinical studies, focusing on signaling pathways and their roles in the regulation of food intake, glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and chronic inflammation. We also discuss the current anti-obesity drugs, as well as weight loss compounds in clinical trials, that target these signals. The evolving knowledge of signaling transduction may shed light on the future direction of obesity research, as we move into a new era of precision medicine.
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Parmar UM, Jalgaonkar MP, Kulkarni YA, Oza MJ. Autophagy-nutrient sensing pathways in diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106408. [PMID: 35988870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes has been increasing in recent decades which is affecting the population of both, developed and developing countries. Diabetes is associated with micro and macrovascular complications which predominantly result from hyperglycemia and disrupted metabolic pathways. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, formation of misfolded and abnormal proteins, and disruption of normal cellular functioning. The inability to maintain metabolic homeostasis under excessive energy and nutrient input, which induces insulin resistance, is a crucial feature during the transition from obesity to diabetes. According to various study reports, redox alterations, intracellular stress and chronic inflammation responses have all been linked to dysregulated energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Autophagy has been considered a cleansing mechanism to prevent these anomalies and restore cellular homeostasis. However, disrupted autophagy has been linked to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Recent studies have reported that the regulation of autophagy has a beneficial role against these conditions. When there is plenty of food, nutrient-sensing pathways activate anabolism and storage, but the shortage of food activates homeostatic mechanisms like autophagy, which mobilises internal stockpiles. These nutrient-sensing pathways are well conserved in eukaryotes and are involved in the regulation of autophagy which includes SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK. The current review focuses on the role of SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK in regulating autophagy and suggests autophagy along with these nutrient-sensing pathways as potential therapeutic targets in reducing the progression of various diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi M Parmar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manjiri P Jalgaonkar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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Altınova AE. Beige Adipocyte as the Flame of White Adipose Tissue: Regulation of Browning and Impact of Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1778-e1788. [PMID: 34967396 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beige adipocyte, the third and relatively new type of adipocyte, can emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) under thermogenic stimulations that is termed as browning of WAT. Recent studies suggest that browning of WAT deserves more attention and therapies targeting browning of WAT can be helpful for reducing obesity. Beyond the major inducers of browning, namely cold and β 3-adrenergic stimulation, beige adipocytes are affected by several factors, and excess adiposity per se may also influence the browning process. The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of recent clinical and preclinical studies on the hormonal and nonhormonal factors that affect the browning of WAT. This review further focuses on the role of obesity per se on browning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Eroğlu Altınova
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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Doukbi E, Soghomonian A, Sengenès C, Ahmed S, Ancel P, Dutour A, Gaborit B. Browning Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Friend or Foe? Cells 2022; 11:991. [PMID: 35326442 PMCID: PMC8947372 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat depot of the heart which is highly plastic and in direct contact with myocardium and coronary arteries. Because of its singular proximity with the myocardium, the adipokines and pro-inflammatory molecules secreted by this tissue may directly affect the metabolism of the heart and coronary arteries. Its accumulation, measured by recent new non-invasive imaging modalities, has been prospectively associated with the onset and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and atrial fibrillation in humans. Recent studies have shown that EAT exhibits beige fat-like features, and express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) at both mRNA and protein levels. However, this thermogenic potential could be lost with age, obesity and CAD. Here we provide an overview of the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of EAT and further discuss whether its thermogenic properties may serve as a target for obesity therapeutic management with a specific focus on the role of immune cells in this beiging phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Doukbi
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (E.D.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (P.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Astrid Soghomonian
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (E.D.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (P.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, APHM, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Sengenès
- Stromalab, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, INSERM U1031, University of Toulouse, F-31100 Toulouse, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University Paul Sabatier, F-31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Shaista Ahmed
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (E.D.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (P.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Patricia Ancel
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (E.D.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (P.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Anne Dutour
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (E.D.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (P.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, APHM, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (E.D.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (P.A.); (A.D.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, APHM, F-13005 Marseille, France
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Oliveira FCB, Bauer EJ, Ribeiro CM, Pereira SA, Beserra BTS, Wajner SM, Maia AL, Neves FAR, Coelho MS, Amato AA. Liraglutide Activates Type 2 Deiodinase and Enhances β3-Adrenergic-Induced Thermogenesis in Mouse Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:803363. [PMID: 35069450 PMCID: PMC8771968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.803363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Liraglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist used as an anti-hyperglycemic agent in type 2 diabetes treatment and recently approved for obesity management. Weight loss is attributed to appetite suppression, but therapy may also increase energy expenditure. To further investigate the effect of GLP-1 signaling in thermogenic fat, we assessed adipose tissue oxygen consumption and type 2 deiodinase (D2) activity in mice treated with liraglutide, both basally and after β3-adrenergic treatment. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to receive liraglutide (400 μg/kg, n=12) or vehicle (n=12). After 16 days, mice in each group were co-treated with the selective β3-adrenergic agonist CL316,243 (1 mg/kg, n=6) or vehicle (n=6) for 5 days. Adipose tissue depots were assessed for gene and protein expression, oxygen consumption, and D2 activity. Results Liraglutide increased interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) oxygen consumption and enhanced β3-adrenergic-induced oxygen consumption in iBAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT). These effects were accompanied by upregulation of UCP-1 protein levels in iBAT and ingWAT. Notably, liraglutide increased D2 activity without significantly upregulating its mRNA levels in iBAT and exhibited additive effects to β3-adrenergic stimulation in inducing D2 activity in ingWAT. Conclusions Liraglutide exhibits additive effects to those of β3-adrenergic stimulation in thermogenic fat and increases D2 activity in BAT, implying that it may activate this adipose tissue depot by increasing intracellular thyroid activation, adding to the currently known mechanisms of GLP-1A-induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C. B. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Eduarda J. Bauer
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Carolina M. Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sidney A. Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Bruna T. S. Beserra
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Simone M. Wajner
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana L. Maia
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francisco A. R. Neves
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Michella S. Coelho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Angelica A. Amato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Zhao YF. Free fatty acid receptors in the endocrine regulation of glucose metabolism: Insight from gastrointestinal-pancreatic-adipose interactions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:956277. [PMID: 36246919 PMCID: PMC9554507 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.956277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is primarily controlled by pancreatic hormones, with the coordinated assistance of the hormones from gastrointestine and adipose tissue. Studies have unfolded a sophisticated hormonal gastrointestinal-pancreatic-adipose interaction network, which essentially maintains glucose homeostasis in response to the changes in substrates and nutrients. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are the important substrates that are involved in glucose metabolism. FFAs are able to activate the G-protein coupled membrane receptors including GPR40, GPR120, GPR41 and GPR43, which are specifically expressed in pancreatic islet cells, enteroendocrine cells as well as adipocytes. The activation of FFA receptors regulates the secretion of hormones from pancreas, gastrointestine and adipose tissue to influence glucose metabolism. This review presents the effects of the FFA receptors on glucose metabolism via the hormonal gastrointestinal-pancreatic-adipose interactions and the underlying intracellular mechanisms. Furthermore, the development of therapeutic drugs targeting FFA receptors for the treatment of abnormal glucose metabolism such as type 2 diabetes mellitus is summarized.
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The Impact of Incretin-Based Medications on Lipid Metabolism. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:1815178. [PMID: 35005028 PMCID: PMC8731296 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1815178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological pathways that are induced by chronic hyperglycemia negatively impact lipid metabolism. Thus, diabetes is commonly accompanied by varying degrees of dyslipidemia which is itself a major risk factor for further macro- and microvascular diabetes complications such as atherosclerosis and nephropathy. Therefore, normalizing lipid metabolism is an attractive goal for therapy in patients with diabetes. Incretin-based medications are a novel group of antidiabetic agents with potent hypoglycemic effects. While the impact of incretins on glucose metabolism is clear, recent evidence indicates their positive modulatory roles on various aspects of lipid metabolism. Therefore, incretins may offer additional beneficial effects beyond that of glucose normalization. In the current review, how these antidiabetic medications can regulate lipid homeostasis and the possible cellular pathways involved are discussed, incorporating related clinical evidence about incretin effects on lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, PO Box 15503, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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50
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Lee GH, Peng C, Lee HY, Park SA, Hoang TH, Kim JH, Sa S, Kim GE, Han JS, Chae HJ. D-allulose ameliorates adiposity through the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway in HFD-induced SD rats. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:7803. [PMID: 35221861 PMCID: PMC8829832 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Design Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Hwa Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Peng
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ah Park
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - The-Hiep Hoang
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonok Sa
- Samyang Corp., Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Eun Kim
- Samyang Corp., Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Han
- Samyang Corp., Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Han-Jung Chae, Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907 Republic of Korea.
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