Cutaneous metastases secondary to pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Characterization of patients with cutaneous metastases from pancreatic cancer

Age (yr)	Sex	Sympton	Appearance	Skin site	Primary	Prognosis	Other metastasis	Other therapy	Author
76	F	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	8 mo, dead	Peritoneum	Tegaful, 5-FU, OK432	Hisamoto et al[6]
67	F	Absent	Nodule	Abdomen	Tail	4 wk, dead	Liver	No therapy	Taniguchi et al[1]
69	M	Present	Nodule	Face, head	Head	5 mo, dead	Liver, lung, LN	No therapy	Taniguchi et al[1]
70	M	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	8 mo, alive	Peritoneum	Tegaful, lentinan	Taniguchi et al[1]
67	M	Present	Inflammatory	Chest, abdomen	Not detail	5 mo, dead	Lung	No therapy	Taniguchi et al[1]
55	M	Present	Nodule	Multiple skin site	Tail	2 mo, dead	Lung, liver	No therapy	Ohashi et al[8]
53	M	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	5 mo, dead	Peritoneum	No therapy	Miyahara et al[4]
76	F	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	7 mo, dead	Peritoneum	No therapy	Miyahara et al[4]
72	M	Absent	Nodule	Umbilicus	Not detail	14 wk, dead	Liver, intestine	No therapy	Miyahara et al[4]
61	M	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Body	4 wk, dead	Peritoneum	No therapy	Miyahara et al[4]
67	M	Absent	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	2 mo, dead	Peritoneum	No therapy	Miyahara et al[4]
73	F	Absent	Nodule	Abdominal wall	Head	22 mo, dead	Abdiminal wall	No therapy	Miyahara et al[4]
60	M	Present	Nodule	Face, neck	Tail	2 mo, dead	Mesentery	No therapy	Miyahara et al[4]
62	F	Present	Inflammatory	Umbilicus	Tail	1 yr, dead	Liver, spleen	5-FU	Miyahara et al[4]
36	M	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	5 mo, dead	Peritoneum	5-FU, RT	Miyahara et al[4]
77	M	Present	Inflammatory	Umbilicus	Tail	2 mo, dead	Lung	No therapy	Miyahara et al[4]
80	M	Present	Nodule	Multiple skin site	Not detail	5 mo, dead	Para-aortic LN	No therapy	Nakano et al[9]
78	M	Absent	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	4 mo, dead	Peritoneum	No therapy	Lesur et al[10]
65	F	Present	Nodule	Chest wall	Head	8 mo, dead	Liver	5-FU, CDDP, IOR	Horino et al[5]
60	F	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	2 mo, dead	Peritoneum	Chemotherapy	Yoneda et al[11]
53	F	Absent	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	7 mo, dead	Peritoneum	Chemotherapy	Yoneda et al[11]
64	F	Absent	Nodule	Umbilicus	Body	8 mo, alive	Lung	Chemotherapy	Crescentini et al[12]
75	M	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Body	6 mo, dead	Liver	GEM	Okazaki et al[13]
82	M	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Head	5 mo, dead	Peritoneum	No therapy	Inadomi[14]
60	F	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Body	15 mo, dead	Peritoneum, ovary	GEM	Tokai et al[15]
73	F	Absent	Nodule	Umbilicus	Body	6 mo, dead	Peritoneum	Chemotherapy	Nagato et al[16]
79	F	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	6 mo, dead	Peritoneum	No therapy	Asai et al[17]
65	M	Present	Nodule	Multiple skin site	Body	1 mo, dead	Liver	5-FU	Horino et al[18]
73	F	Absent	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	6 mo, alive	Supraclavicular LN	GEM	Limmathurotsakul et al[19]
85	M	Present	Nodule	Temple	Head	3 mo, dead	Lung	GEM	Takemura et al[20]
84	F	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	4 mo, dead	Liver	No therapy	Hayami et al[21]
75	F	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Body	1 mo, dead	Liver	No therapy	Kamata et al[22]
50	M	Present	Nodule	Lateral abdomen	Body	2 mo, dead	Liver, brain	GEM, irinotecan	Kimura et al[23]
68	M	Absent	Nodule	Umbilicus	Body	4 mo, dead	Liver, LN	GEM, UFT-E, RT	Yamashita et al[24]
72	F	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	32 mo, dead	Peritoneum	GEM, S-1	Hirahara et al[25]
67	F	Present	Nodule	Lower abdomen	Tail	3 mo, dead	Liver, LN	GEM	Pontinen et al[26]
70	F	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	4 mo, dead	Liver, peritoneum	GEM	Ozaki et al[27]
81	M	Present	Nodule	Umbilicus	Tail	7 mo, dead	Peritoneum	S-1	Ozaki et al[27]
59	M	Absent	Nodule	Umbilicus	Body	11 mo, alive	Liver, peritoneum	GEM, 5-FU	Ozaki et al[27]
66	M	Absent	Nodule	Umbilicus	Body	18 mo, dead	Liver	GEM, 5-FU	Ozaki et al[27]
58	F	Present	Nodule	Lower abdomen	Body	10 mo, dead	Liver, lung, peritoneum	GEM, 5-FU	Our case
65	F	Absent	Nodule	Lower abdomen	Tail	4 mo, dead	Liver, bone, LN	GEM, RT	Our case

F: Female; M: Male; LN: Lymph node; 5-FU: 5-flurouracil; RT: Radiation therapy; CDDP: Cis-disamine dichloro platinum; IOR: Intraoperative radiation therapy; GEM: Gemcitabine.

Table 2 The local area of the cutaneous metastasis and the site of primary pancreatic cancer

Primary site of pancreas	Head or neck	Chest or abdominal wall1	Umbilicus	Multiple1
Head (n = 6)	2	3	1	0
Body (n = 11)	0	1	9	1
Tail (n = 22)	1	3	17	1
Unknown (n = 3)	0	0	1	2

¹Except umbilicus.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for survival after discovery of cutaneous metastases from pancreatic cancer

Variable	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	P-value	Odds ratio	95% CI	P-value	Risk ratio	95% CI
Age (≥ 68 yr/< 68 yr)	0.7552	1.4773	0.4325-5.0463	0.7527	1.2700	0.2872-5.6145
Sex (female/male)	0.0142a	6.3143	1.6272-24.5023	0.9090	0.9280	0.2575-3.3436
Sympton (-/+)	0.5311	1.9091	0.5082-7.1718	0.9429	1.0516	0.2657-4.1619
Skin site (umbilicus/others)	0.0982	4.2308	0.9660-18.5290	0.5571	1.8049	0.2514-12.9568
Primary site (head, body/tail)	0.6719	1.6250	0.4353-5.8240	0.9746	1.0282	0.1859-5.6854
Chemotherapy or CRT (+/-)	0.0079a	8.3333	1.8784-36.9695	0.8186	0.7944	0.1111-5.6778

^aP < 0.05.