Positron emission tomography as predictor of rectal cancer response during or following neoadjuvant chemoradiation

Table 1 Relevant studies of PET in evaluating rectal cancer treatment response

Study	n	Therapy	Timing	Response criteria	Outcome measure	Result	P
Engenhart et al[7] (1992)	21	RT	8-9 wk pc	ΔSUV	LC	SUV normalization; PPV 20%; NPV 67%
Schiepers et al[14] (1999)	9	RT	2-3 wk pc	TuGluc	Histo, cell kinetics	Decreased 138 nmol/mL per min after RT	0.008
Guillem et al[11] (2000)	15	CRT	4-5 wk pc	ΔSUV, VR, δTLG	Histo	VR PPV 60%
Oku et al[9] (2002)	40	RT	3-5 wk pc	SUV	Recurrence	SUV < 3.2	< 0.05
Amthauer et al[15] (2004)	20	CRT + H	2-4 wk pc	ΔSUV	Histo	36% decrease SUV PPV 93%; NPV 100%	0.003
Calvo et al[16] (2004)	25	CRT	4-5 wk pc	ΔSUV	Histo	2 vs 2.7 decrease SUV	NS
Guillem et al[17] (2004)	15	CRT	4-5 wk pc	ΔSUV, VR, δTLG	Recurrence, OS, RFS	63% decrease SUV 70% decrease TLG	0.08 0.03
Denecke et al[18] (2005)	23	CRT + H	2-4 wk pc	ΔSUV	Histo	36% decrease SUV PPV 77%; NPV 100%	0.002
Konski et al[19] (2005)	20	CRT	3-4 wk pc	ΔSUV	Histo	52% vs 75% decrease SUV	NS
Cascini et al[20] (2006)	33	CRT	12 d pi	ΔSUV	Histo	22% vs 63% decrease SUV	< 0.0001
Capirci et al[13] (2006)	88	CRT	5-6 wk pc	Negative PET	5 yr OS and DFS	91% vs 72% 81% vs 62%	0.024 0.003
Kalff et al[12] (2006)	34	CRT	7-43 d pc	VR	OS PFS	100% vs 79% 100% vs 47%	< 0.0001 < 0.0001
Capirci et al[21] (2007)	45	CRT	5-6 wk pc	ΔSUV	Histo	66% decrease SUV PPV 77%; NPV 89%	0.0015
Melton et al[22] (2007)	21	CRT	4-5 wk pc	ΔSUV, VR, δTLG	Histo	70% decrease SUV PPV 58%; NPV 100%	< 0.001
Kristiansen et al[23] (2008)	30	CRT	7 wk pc	VR	Histo	PPV 83%; NPV 33%	NS
Siegel et al[8] (2008)	32	RT (short)	7-8 d pi	ΔSUV	Histo	40% decrease SUV	NS
Nakagawa et al[10] (2008)	59	RT	2-3 wk pc	SUV	OS MS	SUV < 5: 95 vs 42 mo, 70% vs 44%	0.042
Vliegen et al[24] (2008)	20	CRT	4-6 wk pc	ΔSUV	Histo	83% vs 59% decrease SUV	0.025
Janssen et al[25] (2009)	30	CRT	2 wk pc	ΔSUV	Histo	43% decrease SUV PPV 91%; NPV 82%
Konski et al[26] (2009)	53	CRT	3-4 wk pc	ΔSUV	Histo	67% vs 55% decrease SUV	NS
Rosenberg et al[27] (2009)	30	CRT	pc	ΔSUV	Histo	66% vs 48% decrease SUV PPV 83%; NPV 64%	0.040

PET: Positron emission tomography; RT: Radiation; CRT: Chemoradiation; CRT + H: Chemoradiation with hyperthermia; pc: Post completion; pi: Post induction; δTLG: Change in total lesion glycolysis; TuGluc: Tumor glucose utilization; VR: Visual response; Histo: Histopathology; LC: Local control; OS: Overall survival; MS: Median survival.