Diagnostic value of serum pepsinogen, gastrin, and carbohydrate antigens in gastric ulcer and gastric cancer

Table 1 Baseline data and disease composition, n (%)

Variable	Value
n	263
Disease
GC	71 (27.00)
GU	88 (33.46)
CG	104 (39.54)
Age, M (Q25, Q75)	66.00 (54.00, 74.00)
Sex
Male	164 (62.36)
Female	99 (37.64)

GU: Gastric ulcer; GC: Gastric cancer; CG: Chronic non-atrophic gastritis.

Table 2 Differences in pepsinogen, gastrin-17, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 in different disease states, M (Q₂₅, Q₇₅)

	GC (n = 71)	GU (n = 88)	CG (n = 104)	P value
PGI, ng/mL	85.71 (48.19, 176.47)a	121.37 (75.42, 170.03)	96.07 (73.44, 139.51)	0.025
PGII, ng/mL	18.87 (9.57, 35.14)b	15.16 (10.19, 21.58)c	8.73 (5.23, 12.66)	< 0.001
PGI/PGII ratio	5.02 (2.80, 8.13)a,b	8.06 (6.18, 9.67)c	12.88 (8.99, 17.58)	< 0.001
G17, pmol/L	8.60 (3.97, 19.82)a,b	4.96 (2.41, 9.10)c	2.80 (1.33, 5.83)	< 0.001
CEA, ng/mL	2.02 (1.00, 6.54)a,b	0.91 (0.51, 1.77)	1.13 (0.80, 1.55)	< 0.001
CA19-9, U/mL	7.61 (3.75, 22.13)a	4.96 (3.50, 8.93)	5.36 (3.50, 10.96)	0.019
CA72-4, U/mL	2.89 (1.19, 11.74)a,b	0.65 (0.60, 1.74)	0.81 (0.60, 1.67)	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs gastric ulcer group.

^bP < 0.05 vs chronic non-atrophic gastritis (CG) group.

^cP < 0.05 vs CG group.

PG: Pepsinogen; G17: Gastrin-17; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA: Carbohydrate antigen; GU: Gastric ulcer; GC: Gastric cancer; CG: Chronic non-atrophic gastritis.

Table 3 Diagnostic value of pepsinogen, gastrin-17, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 for gastric ulcer and cancer

	Cut-off value	GC (n = 71)	GU (n = 88)	χ2	P value	Sensitivity	Specificity	Youden index	Positive predictive value	Negative predictive value
PGI, ng/mL	≥ 169.855	21	22	0.417	0.518	0.296	0.75	0.046	0.488	0.569
	< 169.855	50	66
PGII, ng/mL	≥ 30.555	22	5	17.848	< 0.001	0.31	0.943	0.253	0.815	0.629
	< 30.555	49	83
PGI/PGII ratio	≥ 16.529	11	12	0.109	0.741	0.155	0.864	0.019	0.478	0.559
	< 16.529	60	76
G17, pmol/L	≥ 6.435	47	34	11.944	0.001	0.662	0.614	0.276	0.58	0.692
	< 6.435	24	54
CEA, ng/mL	≥ 2.005	36	15	20.433	< 0.001	0.507	0.83	0.337	0.706	0.676
	< 2.005	35	73
CA19-9, U/mL	≥ 16.65	23	7	15.333	< 0.001	0.324	0.92	0.244	0.767	0.628
	< 16.65	48	81
CA72-4, U/mL	≥ 2.075	44	18	28.473	< 0.001	0.62	0.795	0.415	0.71	0.722
	< 2.075	27	70

PG: Pepsinogen; G17: Gastrin-17; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA: Carbohydrate antigen; GU: Gastric ulcer; GC: Gastric cancer; CG: Chronic non-atrophic gastritis.