Endothelial Per-Arnt-Sim domain-containing protein 1 expression is correlated with poor prognosis and promotes invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer

Table 1 Relationship between endothelial Per-Arnt-Sim domain-containing protein 1 and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer patients in the clinic, n (%)

Characteristics	High EPAS1 (n = 58)	Low EPAS1 (n = 37)	χ2/t	P value
Age (years)	64.39 ± 11.89	61.84 ± 10.66	1.064	0.290
Gender (male/female)	41/14	26/11	0.002	0.965
BMI (kg/m2)	23.51 ± 2.47	24.21 ± 2.60	1.309	0.194
H. pylori infection	12 (20.69)	6 (16.21)	0.294	0.587
Hypertension	12 (20.69)	10 (27.03)	0.510	0.475
Diabetes	9 (15.52)	8 (21.62)	0.573	0.449
Coronary heart disease	16 (27.59)	11 (29.73)	0.051	0.821
Tumor location			0.426	0.808
Cardia bottom of stomach	27 (46.55)	18 (48.65)
Body of stomach	22 (37.93)	15 (40.54)
Pyloric department	9 (15.52)	4 (10.81)
Vascular invasion	12 (20.69)	5 (13.51)	0.792	0.374
T stage			9. 631	0.022
T1	22 (37.93)	25 (67.57)
T2	18 (31.03)	8 (21.62)
T3	13 (22.42)	4 (10.81)
T4	5 (8.62)	0 (0.00)
N stage			2.020	0.568
N0	33 (56.90)	26 (70.27)
N1	14 (24.14)	7 (18.92)
N2	7 (12.07)	3 (8. 11)
N3	4 (6.89)	1 (2.70)
M stage			0.743	0.389
M0	48 (82.76)	33 (89.19)
M1	10 (17.24)	4 (10.81)
TNM stage			3.451	0.327
I	32 (55.17)	26 (70.27)
II	11 (18.97)	6 (16.21)
III	7 (12.07)	1 (2.70)
IV	8 (13.79)	4 (10.81)
Histological type			2.587	0.629
Papillary adenocarcinoma	11 (18.97)	9 (24.32)
Tubular adenocarcinoma	25 (43.10)	14 (37.84)
Mucous adenocarcinoma	13 (22.42)	7 (18.92)
Signet ring cell	7 (12.07)	7 (18.92)
Anaplastic	2 (3.45)	0 (0.00)
The degree of differentiation			4.250	0.039
Poorly differentiated	28 (48.28)	10 (27.03)
Medium to high differentiation	30 (51.72)	27 (72.97)
Operation method			2.657	0.103
ESD	23 (39.66)	21 (56.76)
Gastrectomy	35 (60.34)	16 (43.24)
Hospital stay time (d)	11.57 ± 2.84	9. 54 ± 2.40	3.599	< 0.05
OS (m)	23.62 ± 4.86	30.68 ± 4.40	7.149	< 0.05
Mortality rate	12 (20.69)	3 (8.11)	2.689	0.101

BMI: Body mass index; OS: Overall survival; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis results

Characteristics	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value
Age	1.009 (0.962-1.059)	0.703
Gender	1.636 (0.582-4.599)	0.351
BMI	0.882 (0.707-1.100)	0.265
H. pylori infection	1.069 (0.301-3.788)	0.918
Hypertension	1.504 (0.514-4.402)	0.456
Diabetes	1.785 (0.567-5.622)	0.322
Coronary heart disease	1.831 (0.652-5.147)	0.251
Tumor location	1.391 (0.700-2.764)	0.346
Vascular invasion	15.876 (5.324-47.336)	0.001	2.056 (0.363-11.649)	0.415
T stage (T1+T2 vs T3+T4)	3.929 (2.230-6.923)	0.001	1.390 (0.594-3.250)	0.448
N stage (N0 vs N1+N2+N3)	3.005 (1.909-4.729)	0.001	0.811 (0.308-2.134)	0.671
M stage (M0 vs M1)	11.511 (4.053-32.695)	0.001	0.467 (0.055-3.970)	0.486
TNM stage (I+II vs III+IV)	3.069 (1.995-4.721)	0.001	3.686 (0.721-18. 840)	0.117
Histological type	1.529 (0.935-2.499)	0.091
The degree of differentiation	0.733 (0.250-2.144)	0.570
Operation method	6.773 (2.192-9. 336)	0.007	1.670 (0.102-17.243)	0.719
Hospital stay time	1.279 (1.084-1.508)	0.004	0.996 (0.782-1.268)	0.973
EPAS1	2.193 (1.191-4.039)	0.012	2.095 (1.019-4.307)	0.044

BMI: Body mass index; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 3 Gene set enrichment analysis enrichment analysis results of EPAS1 expression

Description	Set size	Enrichment score	Normalized enrichment score	P adjust
EPITHELIAL_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION	200	0.73	3.79	0.050
INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE	199	0.61	3.18	0.050
KRAS_SIGNALING_UP	200	0.55	2.89	0.050
TGF_BETA_SIGNALING	54	0.55	2.35	0.029
TNFA_SIGNALING_VIA_NFKB	200	0.54	2.83	0.050
IL6_JAK_STAT3_SIGNALING	87	0.52	2.39	0.050