Caregiver-involved nutritional support and mindfulness training for patients with gastrointestinal cancer: Effects on malnutrition risk and mood

Table 1 Comparison of general data between the two groups n (%)

Groups	n	Sex		Age (years)	Tumor type		Lesion diameter (cm)
		Female	Male		Gastric cancer	Colorectal cancer
Observation group	59	39 (66.10)	20 (33.90)	56.79 ± 9.34	26 (44.07)	33 (55.93)	2.87 ± 0.92
Control	59	38 (64.41)	21 (35.59)	55.35 ± 9.47	25 (42.37)	34 (57.63)	2.79 ± 0.88
χ2/t	-	0.037		1.447	0.035		0.483
P value	-	0.847		0.151	0.853		0.630

Table 2 Comparison between the nutritional indices of the two groups (mean ± SD)

Groups	n	BMI (kg/m2)		NRS2002 (score)		ALB (g/L)		TRF (g/L)
		Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Observation group	59	21.35 ± 1.16	23.57 ± 1.85	4.26 ± 0.85	2.47 ± 0.64	31.08 ± 3.11	40.26 ± 3.23	1.79 ± 0.38	2.61 ± 0.52
Control	59	21.49 ± 1.28	22.35 ± 1.48	4.19 ± 0.88	3.22 ± 0.79	31.22 ± 3.05	38.28 ± 3.08	1.81 ± 0.40	2.25 ± 0.47
t	-	0.623	3.955	0.439	5.666	0.247	3.408	0.278	3.945
P value	-	0.535	< 0.001	0.661	< 0.001	0.805	0.001	0.781	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index; NRS2022: Nutrition Risk Screening 2002; ALB: Albumin; TRF: Transferrin.

Table 3 Comparison between the mood state indicators of the two groups (scores, mean ± SD)

Groups	n	POMS-tension		POMS-anger		POMS-fatigue		POMS-depression		POMS-energy		POMS-panic		POMS-self-related emotions		MAAS
		Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Observation group	59	19.14 ± 2.15	13.26 ± 3.05	22.56 ± 2.57	18.06 ± 2.32	16.75 ± 1.86	13.26 ± 1.57	17.59 ± 2.24	14.66 ± 1.82	18.50 ± 2.91	15.06 ± 2.29	16.97 ± 1.76	12.06 ± 2.12	15.36 ± 1.85	12.11 ± 1.56	43.24 ± 5.13	58.58 ± 6.01
Control	59	19.08 ± 2.11	15.12 ± 3.21	22.45 ± 2.63	20.17 ± 2.25	16.54 ± 1.93	14.82 ± 1.45	17.47 ± 2.36	15.95 ± 1.97	18.42 ± 2.84	16.57 ± 2.55	16.88 ± 1.84	14.01 ± 2.44	15.27 ± 1.91	13.38 ± 1.67	44.05 ± 5.32	54.23 ± 5.86
t	-	0.153	3.227	0.230	5.015	0.602	5.607	0.283	3.694	0.151	3.384	0.272	4.634	0.260	4.269	0.842	3.981
P value	-	0.879	0.002	0.819	< 0.001	0.548	< 0.001	0.777	< 0.001	0.880	0.001	0.786	< 0.001	0.795	< 0.001	0.402	< 0.001

POMS: Profile of Mood States; MAAS: Mindful Attention Awareness Scale.

Table 4 Comparison between the compliance and satisfaction rates of the two groups, n (%)

Groups	Complete compliance	Partial compliance	Noncompliance	Compliance rate	Quite satisfied	Satisfaction	Dissatisfaction	Satisfaction rate
Observation group	36 (61.02)	20 (33.90)	3 (5.08)	56 (94.92)	40 (67.80)	18 (30.51)	1 (1.69)	58 (98.31)
Control	18 (30.51)	29 (49.15)	12 (20.34)	47 (79.66)	22 (37.29)	30 (50.85)	7 (11.86)	52 (88.14)
t	-	-	-	6.186	-	-	-	4.827
P value	-	-	-	0.013	-	-	-	0.028