Analysis of metabolic characteristics of metabolic syndrome in elderly patients with gastric cancer by non-targeted metabolomics

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data among groups, mean ± SD or n (%)

Group	Control group	Frailty group	MetS group	Merging group
N	125	50	65	50
Age (yr)	66.76 ± 5.16	73.30 ± 5.94a	67.08 ± 4.89	68.90 ± 6.33
BMI (kg/m2)	22.88 ± 2.10	22.48 ± 2.00	25.15 ± 3.15a	26.33 ± 3.33a
Female	7 (28.0)	4 (40.0)	4 (30.8)	5 (50.0)
Complication	10 (40.0)	7 (70.0)	13 (100.0)a	9 (90.0)a
Polypharmacy	1 (4.0)	0 (0.0)	3 (23.1)	1 (10.0)
NRS2002 ≥ 3	7 (28.0)	2 (20.0)	3 (23.1)	2 (20.0)
TNM III	9 (36.0)	5 (50.0)	4 (30.8)	7 (70.0)

^aP < 0.05.

MetS: Metabolic syndrome; BMI: Body mass index; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.

Table 2 Differentially abundant metabolite information between metabolic syndrome group and control group

MS2	MS2	Ingredient	VIP	Difference multiple	P value
Ribothymidine	0.977184462	5-liter urine test	2.875235598	0.853099352	0.001
LysoPC[20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)]	0.431478462	Glycerophospholipids	2.617379975	1.316226543	0.003
Sucrose	0.587560154	Sucrose	2.505082856	0.294077555	0.009
2-methylglutaric acid	0.868639769	2-methylglutaric acid	2.492929728	0.880090096	0.007
PC 22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)	0.761099923	Glycerophospholipids	2.430802959	1.197463285	0.010
PC 22:2(13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z)	0.814371846	Glycerophospholipids	2.419402577	1.372234468	0.003
Β-alanine	1.000000000	β monoalanine	2.387846925	1.191057245	0.011
Orotidine	0.755108923	Orotidine	2.385776400	1.285397754	0.004
PC[P-18.1(11Z)/14:0]	0.724108077	Glycerophospholipids	2.37334905	0.672678582	0.009
2-benzylbutanediaic acid	0.671941538	A-benzylsuccinic acid	2.309647568	0.601709013	0.021

VIP: Projected importance of variables.

Table 3 Differentially abundant metabolite information between the frail group and the control group

MS2	MS2	Ingredient	VIP	Difference multiple	P value
Phytosphingosine	0.454496692	Phytosphingosine	3.657534241	1.294323976	4.96942 × 10-5
Ethylbenzene	0.999986538	Ethyl benzene	2.933313807	0.779138228	3.49882 × 10-5
Arginyl-Aanin	0.538666308	Arginine monoalanine	2.637262363	0.670807534	9.32837 × 10-5
Beta-D-glucosamine	0.479228462	3-D-glucosamine	2.523529662	1.706788545	0.040552211
2.3-dimethy1-2-cydohexen-1	0.583867615	Ketones	2.426992074	0.745005971	0.003652162
N-Acetylvaline	0.523245077	N-acetyl-DL-valine	2.425756767	0.548096577	6.01189 × 10-5
Alpha-dimorphecolic acid	0.979338000	Fatty acids	2.422824991	0.591828042	0.01624548
Arachidonic acid	0.626860308	Arachidonic acid	2.41783857	1.448871331	0.006223154
D-citrulline	0.996183538	D-citrulline	2.354091235	0.738050459	0.014028588
Succinic acid semialdehyde	0.973268385	Succinic acid	2.310730757	1.414979613	0.045517081

VIP: Projected importance of variables.

Table 4 Differentially abundant metabolite information between the merged group and the control group

MS2	MS2	Ingredient	VIP	Difference multiple	P value
2-aminoacetophenone	1.000000000	Aromatic compounds	2.961804513	2.196907422	0.015884556
Alpha-N-phenylacetyl	0.999461308	A-N-phenylacetyl	2.922737465	2.928594266	0.015713599
Arginyl-alaninr	0.538666308	Argininylalanine	2.870719541	0.577806767	0.000093284
Pseudouridine	0.761171308	pseudouridine	2.654758398	1.209468419	0.010376873
N-methylnicotinamide	0.695534769	N-methylnicotinamide	2.596565350	0.436187388	0.023415222
Dopamine 3-O	0.583639154	Dopamine 3-O-monosulfate	2.508348482	1.474559460	0.045180328
Choline	1.000000000	Choline	2.485758030	0.874659513	0.004134701
N4-acetylcytidine	0.990193846	N-acetylcytosine nucleoside	2.485751726	1.458921122	0.001565543
N-acetyl-L-alanine	0.907531231	N-acetyl-L-alanine	2.462896266	1.145011518	0.020139388
Bliverdin	0.981282462	Biliverdin	2.445197302	0.489904504	0.003203639

VIP: Projected importance of variables.

Table 5 Key metabolic pathways and metabolites in each group

Group	Route	Hits	Impact	P value
MetS group	Fructose and mannose metabolism	Sorbitol, mannitol	0.00887	0.0076735
	Galactose metabolism	Sorbitol	0.000.00	0.113450.0
	Metabolism of glyoxylates and dicarboxylates	Glycollic acid	0.00686	0.1368100
	Arachidonic acid metabolism	Arachidonic acid	0.21669	0.1671500
Frailty group	Metabolism of alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid	L-aspartic acid and succinic acid semialdehyde	0.10256	0.0069520
	Vitamin B metabolism	Pyridomide, succinic acid semialdehyde	0.00000	0.0121920
	Biotin metabolism	Biotin	0.20325	0.0579490
	Metabolism of methyl butyrate	Succinic acid semialdehyde	0.03343	0.1962000
	Arachidonic acid metabolic pathway	Succinic acid semialdehyde	0.21669	0.2883000
Merging group	Glycerophospholipid metabolism	Choline, ethanolamine phosphate, glycerophosphatidylcholine	0.10234	0.0037066
	Sphingolipid metabolism	Plant sphingosine and ethanolamine phosphate	0.01288	0.0175530
	Glutathione metabolism	Glutathione	0.23743	0.2735200
	Starch and sucrose metabolism	Trehalose	0.00944	0.3439500
	Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism	Biliverdin	0.01844	0.5880900

MetS: Metabolic syndrome.