Colorectal cancer screening: A review of current knowledge and progress in research

Table 1 Promising blood and stool-based tumor biomarkers

Tests	CRC vs control					Advanced adenoma vs control	Ref.
	Sample	AUC	Sensitivity	Specificity	References	Sensitivity
mSEPT9	Blood	0.930	0.68	0.80	87	0.11	[86]
SDC2	Stool	0.933	0.90	0.91	94	0.33	[94]
SFRP	Stool	0.957	0.79	0.93	95	0.43	[96]
MiRNA
Single miRNA (n = 31)	Blood	0.590-0.943	46%-93%	41%-93%	101	0.69	[104]
Panels with X4 miRNA (miR-29a, miR-92a, miR-601, and miR-760)		0.943	0.83	0.93
CA11-19	Blood	-	0.98	0.84	107	0.4	[107]
DC-SIGN/DC-SIGNR	Blood	0.988	0.99	0.95	108	-	-
Non-coding RNA						-	-
NEAT1_v1	Blood	0.732	0.57	0.87	110
NEAT1_v2		0.845	0.83	0.83
CLIP4	Stool	0.961	0.90	0.88	111	0.78	[111]
SALL4	Blood	0.916	0.86	0.86	114	-	-
Cytokines IL-8	Blood	0.920	0.70	0.91	116	-	-

AUC: Area under the curve; mSEPT9: Methylated septin 9 gene; SDC2: Syndecan-2; SFRP: Secreted frizzled-related protein; miRNA: MicroRNA; CA11-19: CA11-19 glycoprotein; non-coding RNA NEAT1_v1 and NEAT1_v2: Non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 and 2; CLIP4: CAP-Gly domain containing linker protein; SALL4: Sal-like protein 4; IL-8: Interleukine-8.