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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Dec 15, 2024; 16(12): 4625-4635
Published online Dec 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i12.4625
Published online Dec 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i12.4625
Parameter | HCC cases (n = 1352) | Non-HCC controls (n = 4065) | P value |
Sex (Male), n (%) | 969 (71.7) | 2598 (63.9) | < 0.001 |
Age | 56 (50, 62) | 54 (46, 62) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 255 (18.9) | 727 (17.9) | 0.419 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 321 (23.7) | 860 (21.2) | 0.046 |
Coronary disease, n (%) | 35 (2.6) | 154 (3.8) | 0.037 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | 243 (18.0) | 978 (24.1) | < 0.001 |
Hepatic encephalopathy, n (%) | 219 (16.2) | 633 (15.6) | 0.584 |
Decompensated cirrhosis, n (%) | 999 (73.9) | 3150 (77.5) | 0.007 |
Child-Pugh grade A, n (%) | 430 (32.6) | 1162 (29.5) | 0.003 |
Child-Pugh grade B, n (%) | 648 (49.1) | 1893 (48.0) | |
Child-Push grade C, n (%) | 241 (18.3) | 890 (22.6) | |
HBV, n (%) | 372 (27.5) | 889 (21.9) | < 0.001 |
HCV, n (%) | 93 (6.9) | 261 (6.4) | |
AC, n (%) | 261 (19.3) | 1013 (24.9) | |
MASLD, n (%) | 9 (0.7) | 42 (1.0) | |
PBC, n (%) | 72 (5.3) | 398 (9.8) | |
Drug-induced cirrhosis, n (%) | 12 (0.9) | 54 (1.3) | |
Cryptogenic cirrhosis, n (%) | 387 (28.6) | 1072 (26.4) | |
Mixed cirrhosis, n (%) | 146 (10.8) | 336 (8.3) | |
ALT (U/L) | 31.1 (21.2, 53.1) | 27.0 (18.2, 47.5) | < 0.001 |
AST (U/L) | 47.7 (31.7, 77.4) | 44 (29.1, 79.9) | < 0.001 |
Albumin (g/L) | 31.2 (27.4, 34.6) | 30.7 (26.8, 34.8) | 0.106 |
Globin (g/L) | 31.6 (26.5, 37.1) | 31.3 (25.7, 38.0) | 0.268 |
INR | 1.27 (1.12, 1.45) | 1.32 (1.16, 1.54) | 0.002 |
Prothrombin time (S) | 14.2 (12.6, 16.3) | 14.8 (13.0, 17.4) | 0.017 |
Direct bilirubin (μmol/L) | 11.0 (6.3, 19.2) | 12.7 (6.6, 33.6) | 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.81 (0.62, 1.11) | 0.89 (0.67, 1.26) | < 0.001 |
Platelets (× 109/L) | 78 (54, 109) | 80 (54, 118) | 0.096 |
γ-GT (U/L) | 50.1 (26.0, 119.8) | 53.7 (25.4, 143.8) | 0.157 |
AFP (ng/mL) | 4.64 (2.60, 10.35) | 3.36 (2.02, 6.26) | < 0.001 |
CA19-9 (U/mL) | 26.72 (13.76, 48.40) | 25.00 (11.93, 52.82) | 0.070 |
Neutrophils (× 109/L) | 2.30 (1.59, 3.44) | 2.43 (1.59, 3.76) | 0.024 |
Serum ammonia (μg/dL) | 73 (51, 95) | 67 (46, 95) | < 0.001 |
MELD | 8 (4, 12) | 10 (5, 15) | < 0.001 |
Parameter | Univariate Cox regression analysis | Multivariable Cox regression analysis | Multivariable competitive risk regression analysis | |||
aHR (95%CI) | P value | aHR (95%CI) | P value | aHR (95%CI) | P value | |
Age | 1.023 (1.018-1.027) | < 0.001 | 1.029 (1.024-1.034) | < 0.001 | 1.025 (1.020-1.030) | < 0.001 |
Sex (male) | 1.321 (1.174-1.487) | < 0.001 | 1.537 (1.359-1.738) | < 0.001 | 1.482 (1.313-1.673) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 1.155 (1.019-1.309) | 0.025 | ||||
Hypertension | 1.128 (0.984-1.292) | 0.084 | ||||
Coronary disease | 0.951 (0.680-1.330) | 0.769 | ||||
HBV | 1.801 (1.602-2.025) | < 0.001 | 1.963 (1.742-2.211) | < 0.001 | 1.950 (1.734-2.193) | < 0.001 |
HCV | 1.837 (1.352-1.981) | < 0.001 | 1.567 (1.293-1.900) | < 0.001 | 1.533 (1.274-1.846) | < 0.001 |
HBV and HCV | 2.062 (1.068-3.980) | 0.031 | 2.456 (1.270-4.747) | 0.008 | 2.074 (1.038-4.143) | 0.039 |
Decompensation | 1.146 (1.015-1.295) | 0.028 | ||||
ALT | 1.000 (1.000-1.000) | 0.974 | ||||
AST | 1.000 (1.000-1.000) | 0.815 | ||||
Albumin | 0.976 (0.967-0.985) | < 0.001 | 0.986 (0.977-0.995) | 0.002 | 0.995 (0.987-1.005) | 0.381 |
Globulin | 1.017 (1.010-1.023) | < 0.001 | 1.016 (1.009-1.023) | < 0.001 | 1.012 (1.005-1.019) | < 0.001 |
INR | 1.271 (1.084-1.490) | 0.003 | ||||
Prothrombin time | 1.016 (1.002-1.031) | 0.024 | ||||
Direct bilirubin | 1.000 (0.999-1.001) | 0.943 | ||||
Triglycerides | 0.854 (0.776-0.939) | 0.001 | ||||
Hemoglobin | 1.004 (1.002-1.006) | < 0.001 | ||||
γ-GT | 1.000 (0.999-1.000) | 0.075 | ||||
AFP | 1.000 (1.000-1.001) | 0.543 | ||||
CA19-9 | 1.000 (0.999-1.001) | 0.713 | ||||
Platelets | 0.999 (0.998-1.000) | 0.017 | 0.999 (0.998-1.000) | 0.015 | 0.998 (0.998-1.000) | 0.011 |
Neutrophils | 0.998 (0.976-1.020) | 0.829 | ||||
Serum ammonia | 1.002 (1.001-1.003) | 0.004 | 1.002 (1.001-1.003) | 0.003 | 1.002 (1.001-1.003) | < 0.001 |
MELD | 0.999 (0.990-1.008) | 0.843 |
- Citation: Zhou DQ, Liu JY, Zhao F, Zhang J, Liu LL, Jia JR, Cao ZH. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: A comprehensive analysis from a decade-long study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(12): 4625-4635
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v16/i12/4625.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i12.4625