Exploring Xiaojianzhong decoction's potential in gastric cancer treatment: Integrative insights and experimental validation

Table 1 Key components of Xiaojianzhong decoction and their pharmacological activities in gastric cancer treatment¹

Component	Herb source	Pharmacological activity	Ref.
Cinnamaldehyde	Cinnamomum cassia	Exhibits anti-inflammatory and antiulcer effects by modulating NF-kB and MAPK pathways. Prevents Helicobacter pylori infection and enhances mucosal healing	Chen et al[1], 2024; Li et al[7], 2024; Han et al[17], 2023
Galangin	Alpinia officinarum	Protects gastric mucosa by mediating the TLR4/NF-κB and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 signaling pathways, promoting healing of gastric lesions	Lin et al[12], 2023; Lin et al[18], 2024
Gingerol	Zingiber officinale	Possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Protects gastric mucosa by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and cytokine production	al-Yahya et al[8], 1989; Gumbarewicz et al[9], 2022
Glycyrrhizin	Glycyrrhiza uralensis	Modulates immune responses, reduces oxidative stress, and prevents gastric ulcer formation, playing a role in the suppression of gastric cancer cell proliferation	Yang et al[10], 2017; Chen et al[13], 2024
Liquiritigenin	Glycyrrhiza uralensis	Protects against gastric mucosal injury by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Exhibits antiulcerative and anticancer properties through antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms	Yang et al[10], 2017; Guo et al[11], 2024
Paeoniflorin	Paeonia lactiflora	Inhibits multidrug resistance in gastric cancer cells by suppressing NF-κB activation. Modulates autophagy and exerts protective effects against gastric mucosal injury	Chen et al[1], 2024; Asai et al[5], 2011; Fang et al[6], 2012
Honey	Natural source	Demonstrates gastroprotective effects through antioxidant activity. Promotes mucosal healing and reduces inflammation in gastric lesions	Chen et al[2], 2023; Zheng et al[16], 2024

¹Key components of Xiaojianzhong decoction (XJZ) and their pharmacological activities in gastric cancer treatment.

The table highlights the primary herbal components of XJZ, their active constituents, and the associated pharmacological activities that contribute to gastric cancer treatment, including modulation of key signaling pathways, inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and enhancement of gastric mucosal protection. The information is synthesized from studies that explore both the network pharmacology and experimental validations of XJZ in gastric cancer contexts.