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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jan 15, 2024; 16(1): 118-132
Published online Jan 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i1.118
Published online Jan 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i1.118
Table 1 Differential expression of pSmad3(S423/425), TGF-β1 and VEGFR-1 protein in gastric cancer tissue
| IHC grading | pSmad3(S423/425) | TGF-β1 | VEGFR-1 | ||||||
| Tumor | Ad-tissue | P value | Tumor | Ad-tissue | P value | Tumor | Ad-tissue | P value | |
| - | 5 | 4 | < 0.05 | 3 | 3 | < 0.001 | 13 | 12 | < 0.001 |
| + | 43 | 38 | 31 | 58 | 27 | 65 | |||
| ++ | 41 | 40 | 56 | 21 | 50 | 3 | |||
| +++ | 9 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 2 | |||
| n | 98 | 82 | 98 | 82 | 98 | 82 | |||
Table 2 Correlation between pSMAD3C(S423/425), TGF-β1, pSMAD3L(S204), and VEGFR-1 expressions and clinicopathologic factors in gastric cancer, n (%)
| Clinicopathological factors | Total (n = 98) | pSMAD3C (S423/425) | TGF-β1 | pSMAD3L (S204) | VEGFR-1 | ||||||||
| Low (n = 48) | High (n = 50) | P value | Low (n = 34) | High (n = 64) | P value | Low (n = 67) | High (n = 31) | P value | Low (n = 40) | High (n = 58) | P value | ||
| Gender | 0.878 | 0.822 | 0.239 | 0.470 | |||||||||
| Female | 36 (36.7) | 18 (37.5) | 18 (36) | 13 (38.2) | 23 (35.9) | 22 (32.8) | 14 (45.2) | 13 (32.5) | 23 (39.7) | ||||
| Male | 62 (63.3) | 30 (62.5) | 32 (64) | 21 (61.8) | 41 (64.1) | 45 (67.2) | 17 (54.8) | 27 (67.5) | 35 (60.3) | ||||
| Age (yr) | 0.225 | 0.515 | 0.796 | 0.818 | |||||||||
| ≤ 60 | 33 (33.7) | 19 (39.6) | 14 (28) | 10 (29.4) | 23 (35.9) | 22 (32.8) | 11 (35.5) | 14 (35) | 19 (32.8) | ||||
| > 60 | 65 (66.3) | 29 (60.4) | 36 (72) | 24 (70.6) | 41 (64.1) | 45 (67.2) | 20 (64.5) | 26 (65) | 39 (67.2) | ||||
| Pathological grade | 0.556 | 0.459 | 0.402 | 0.013 | |||||||||
| I/II | 44 (44.9) | 23 (47.9) | 21 (42) | 17 (50) | 27 (42.2) | 32 (47.8) | 12 (38.7) | 24 (60) | 20 (34.5) | ||||
| III/IV | 54 (55.1) | 25 (52.1) | 29 (58) | 17 (50) | 37 (57.8) | 35 (52.2) | 19 (61.3) | 16 (40) | 38 (65.5) | ||||
| T Stage | 0.946 | 0.042 | 0.946 | 0.248 | |||||||||
| T1 | 6 (6.1) | 3 (6.2) | 3 (6) | 4 (11.8) | 2 (3.1) | 4 (6) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (2.5) | 5 (8.6) | ||||
| T2 | 9 (9.2) | 5 (10.4) | 4 (8) | 4 (11.8) | 5 (7.8) | 6 (9) | 3 (9.7) | 4 (10) | 5 (8.6) | ||||
| T3 | 64 (65.3) | 30 (62.5) | 34 (68) | 24 (70.6) | 40 (62.5) | 45 (67.2) | 19 (61.3) | 30 (75) | 34 (58.6) | ||||
| T4 | 19 (19.4) | 10 (20.8) | 9 (18) | 2 (5.9) | 17 (26.6) | 12 (17.9) | 7 (22.6) | 5 (12.5) | 14 (24.1) | ||||
| N Stage | 0.640 | 0.344 | 0.035 | 0.421 | |||||||||
| N0/N1 | 37 (37.8) | 17 (35.4) | 20 (40) | 15 (44.1) | 22 (34.4) | 30 (44.8) | 7 (22.6) | 17 (42.5) | 20 (34.5) | ||||
| N2/N3 | 61 (62.2) | 31 (64.6) | 30 (60) | 19 (55.9) | 42 (65.6) | 37 (55.2) | 24 (77.4) | 23 (57.5) | 38 (65.5) | ||||
| Metastasis | 0.042 | 0.233 | 0.623 | 0.404 | |||||||||
| No | 89 (90.8) | 47 (97.9) | 42 (84) | 33 (97.1) | 56 (87.5) | 62 (92.5) | 27 (87.1) | 38 (95) | 51 (87.9) | ||||
| Yes | 9 (9.2) | 1 (2.1) | 8 (16) | 1 (2.9) | 8 (12.5) | 5 (7.5) | 4 (12.9) | 2 (5) | 7 (12.1) | ||||
| Cancer stage | 0.105 | 0.444 | 0.338 | 0.119 | |||||||||
| I | 9 (9.2) | 4 (8.3) | 5 (10) | 4 (11.8) | 5 (7.8) | 5 (7.5) | 4 (12.9) | 2 (5) | 7 (12.1) | ||||
| II | 30 (30.6) | 17 (35.4) | 13 (26) | 11 (32.4) | 19 (29.7) | 24 (35.8) | 6 (19.4) | 17 (42.5) | 13 (22.4) | ||||
| III | 50 (51.0) | 26 (54.2) | 24 (48) | 18 (52.9) | 32 (50) | 33 (49.3) | 17 (54.8) | 19 (47.5) | 31 (53.4) | ||||
| IV | 9 (9.2) | 1 (2.1) | 8 (16) | 1 (2.9) | 8 (12.5) | 5 (7.5) | 4 (12.9) | 2 (5) | 7 (12.1) | ||||
| Tumor size (cm) | 0.791 | 0.829 | 0.038 | 0.015 | |||||||||
| ≤ 5 | 62 (63.3) | 31 (64.6) | 31 (62) | 22 (64.7) | 40 (62.5) | 47 (70.1) | 15 (48.4) | 31 (77.5) | 31 (53.4) | ||||
| > 5 | 36 (36.7) | 17 (35.4) | 19 (38) | 12 (35.3) | 24 (37.5) | 20 (29.9) | 16 (51.6) | 9 (22.5) | 27 (46.6) | ||||
| Tumor location | 0.427 | 0.022 | 0.739 | 0.501 | |||||||||
| Antrum | 53 (54.1) | 24 (50) | 29 (58) | 13 (38.2) | 40 (62.5) | 37 (55.2) | 16 (51.6) | 20 (50) | 33 (56.9) | ||||
| Others | 45 (45.9) | 24 (50) | 21 (42) | 21 (61.8) | 24 (37.5) | 30 (44.8) | 15 (48.4) | 20 (50) | 25 (43.1) | ||||
Table 3 Correlation between pSMAD3C(S423/425), TGF-β1 pSMAD3-S204 and VEGFR-1 expression in gastric cancer (n = 98)
| VEGFR-1 | pSMAD3-S425 | TGF-β1 | pSMAD3-S204 | |||||||||||||||
| - | + | ++ | +++ | r value | P value | - | + | ++ | +++ | r value | P value | - | + | ++ | +++ | r value | P value | |
| - | 0 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 0.302 | 0.002 | 0 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 0.22 | 0.029 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0.201 | 0.047 |
| + | 3 | 12 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 18 | 5 | 0 | ||||||
| ++ | 2 | 20 | 22 | 6 | 2 | 14 | 32 | 2 | 6 | 24 | 14 | 6 | ||||||
| +++ | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | ||||||
Table 4 Association of various factors with overall survival as determined by Cox regression
| Characteristics | HR (95%CI) univariate analysis | P value univariate analysis | HR (95%CI) multivariate analysis | P value multivariate analysis |
| Age (> 60 vs ≤ 60 yr) | 1.332 (0.767-2.314) | 0.309 | ||
| Sex (female vs male) | 0.995 (0.588-1.682) | 0.985 | ||
| Pathological Grade (III/IV vs I/II) | 1.490 (0.885-2.511) | 0.134 | ||
| Clinical T stage (T3–T4 vs T1–T2) | 1.974 (0.848-4.594) | 0.084 | 1.597 (0.644-3.964) | 0.312 |
| Clinical N stage (N2–N3 vs N0-N1) | 2.287 (1.299-4.026) | 0.004 | 1.469 (0.578-3.736) | 0.419 |
| Clinical M stage (M1 vs M0) | 2.664 (1.258-5.643) | 0.01 | 1.316 (0.586-2.954) | 0.506 |
| Clinical stage (stage III–IV vs stage I-II) | 2.304 (1.322-4.017) | 0.003 | 1.210 (0.472-3.106) | 0.691 |
| Tumor size (cm) (> 5 vs ≤ 5) | 2.616 (1.570-4.359) | < 0.001 | 2.033 (1.193-3.465) | 0.009 |
| Tumor location (antrum vs others) | 0.922 (0.555-1.530) | 0.753 | ||
| VEGFR-1 (High vs Low) | 2.360 (1.354-4.111) | 0.002 | 1.858 (1.033-3.339) | 0.038 |
| pSMAD3C (S423/425) (high vs low) | 1.069 (0.644-1.774) | 0.797 | ||
| TGF-β1 (high vs low) | 1.399 (0.811-2.411) | 0.227 | ||
| pSMAD3L(S204) (high vs low) | 2.884 (1.715-4.851) | < 0.001 | 1.943 (1.095-3.448) | 0.023 |
- Citation: Lv SL, Guo P, Zou JR, Chen RS, Luo LY, Huang DQ. Prognostic significance and relationship of SMAD3 phospho-isoforms and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer: A clinicopathological study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(1): 118-132
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v16/i1/118.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i1.118