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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Aug 15, 2023; 15(8): 1342-1348
Published online Aug 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i8.1342
Table 1 Summary of drug delivery systems
Drug delivery system
Structure
Advantage
Disadvantage
Common types
PolymerShell-core structureHydrophobic, high and precise drug concentration with low side effectsPoor water solubilityBioadhesive micelles, active targeting micelles, etc.
LiposomeLipid bilayer microvesicle carriersDiversity, targeting, lymphatic targeting, liver protection, etc.High costUnilamellar liposomes, multilamellar liposomes, liposome gel, etc.
MicrosphereShell-core structureCovering bad odors, avoiding incompatible combinations, high stability and safetyRelatively short duration and relatively large drug dosageConventional injection microspheres, occlusive microspheres, magnetic microspheres, etc.
Nanoparticle (NPs)Shell-core structureAmphiphilic, controllable loading effect, long half-life, etc.Low solubility of inorganic NPsLipophilic NPs, nanocapsules, nanospheres, and inorganic NPs, etc.
NanogelIntramolecular cross-linked polymerAnti-fouling, antibacterial, targeting, small size, easily penetrating cells, etc.No obvious disadvantagepH-responsive hydrogels, hyaluronic acid hydrogels, copolymer hydrogels
CyclodextrinBimolecular complexHigh water solubility, low toxicity, high stabilityNo obvious disadvantageα-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, partially methylated-β-cyclodextrin, etc.
Table 2 Clinical study of curcumin effects on gastrointestinal tumors
Cancer type
Study category
No.
Dosage regimen
Results
Colorectal cancer[37]Phase II, randomized double-blind study22Capecitabine 825 mg/m2, Bid; curcumin 4 g, BidCurcumin does not increase the remission rate of patients
Esophageal cancer[38]Controlled trial1Group A: 20 µg/mL curcumin-containing culture; Group B: 2 µg/mL Vincristine-containing culture; Combined group: 20 µg/mL curcumin+2 µg/mL vincristine-containing cultureCurcumin reverses multidrug resistance of esophageal cancer cells
Metastatic colorectal cancer[39]Phase IIa, randomized controlled trial28Control group: FOLFOX1; Research Group: FOLFOX + curcumin 2 g/dCurcumin plus FOLFOX regimen significantly improves chemotherapy tolerance and safety
Advanced gastric cancer[40]Randomized controlled trial56Control group: FOLFOX; Research Group: FOLFOX + curcumin 25 µmol/L, 1/dCurcumin plus FOLFOX regimen significantly improves clinical remission rate and reduces toxic side effects