Emerging role of autophagy in colorectal cancer: Progress and prospects for clinical intervention

Table 1 Research advances in the role of autophagy in colorectal cancer

Effects	Action cells	Targets	Pathways and mechanisms
As a tumor suppressor	CRC	SNX10	SRC-STAT3 and SRC-TNNB1
	CRC	PHLDA2	PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β
	CRC	BRG1	Defective autophagy results in excess reactive oxygen species
	CRC	BeclinI	PI3K/AKT/mTOR
As a tumor promoter	CRC and macrophages	NBR1	After being regulated, MHC-I can affect the immune system and lead to immune evasion
	CRC	RAS	MEK/ERK
	Regulatory T cells (Treg)	Atg7	Down-regulation of the immune-suppressive protein FOXP3 promotes immune evasion
	CSC	ATG5, ATG7	Affects the expressions of stemness markers Oct4, SOX2 and Nanog
	Tumor-initiating cells	PRKC	PRKC/PKC-EZR
	CRC	IL-6	IL-6/JAK2/BECN1
	Normal Colonic epithelial cells	TRAF6	MAP1LC3B/LC3B ubiquitination

CSC: Cancer stem cell; CRC: Colorectal cancer; SNX10: Sorting nexin 10; PHLDA2: Pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 2; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; MHC-I: Major histocompatibility complex I.