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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2023; 15(11): 1874-1890
Published online Nov 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i11.1874
Published online Nov 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i11.1874
Table 1 Clinical and pathological characteristics distribution of distant metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Characteristics | n | % |
Age, yr | ||
< 55 | 299 | 19.91 |
55-65 | 656 | 43.68 |
≥ 65 | 547 | 36.42 |
Gender | ||
Male | 1230 | 81.89 |
Female | 272 | 18.11 |
Race | ||
White | 978 | 65.11 |
Black | 237 | 15.78 |
Other | 287 | 19.11 |
Marital status | ||
Single | 405 | 26.96 |
Married | 742 | 49.40 |
Separated | 355 | 23.64 |
AFP expression | ||
Positive | 1266 | 84.29 |
Negative | 236 | 15.71 |
Tumor size | ||
≤ 5 cm | 410 | 27.30 |
> 5 cm | 1092 | 72.70 |
T stage | ||
T1 | 337 | 22.44 |
T2 | 216 | 14.38 |
T3 | 783 | 52.13 |
T4 | 166 | 11.05 |
N stage | ||
N0 | 1031 | 68.64 |
N1 | 471 | 31.36 |
Surgery | ||
No | 1420 | 94.54 |
Yes | 82 | 5.46 |
Chemotherapy | ||
No/unknown | 691 | 46.01 |
Yes | 811 | 53.99 |
Radiotherapy | ||
No/unknown | 1200 | 79.89 |
Yes | 302 | 20.11 |
Lung metastasis | ||
No | 949 | 63.18 |
Yes | 553 | 36.82 |
Bone metastasis | ||
No | 1072 | 71.37 |
Yes | 430 | 28.63 |
Brain metastasis | ||
No | 1475 | 98.20 |
Yes | 27 | 1.80 |
Survival status | ||
Alive | 45 | 3.00 |
Other cause death | 78 | 5.19 |
Cancer specific death | 1379 | 91.81 |
Total | 1502 | 100 |
Table 2 Multivariate analyses of factors associated with overall survival and cancer-specific survival
Characteristics | Overall survival | Cancer-specific survival | ||
HR | P value | HR | P value | |
Age, yr | ||||
< 55 | ||||
55-65 | 1.03 (0.89-1.19) | 0.67 | 0.98 (0.85-1.13) | 0.78 |
≥ 65 | 1.09 (0.94-1.26) | 0.27 | 1.02 (0.88-1.19) | 0.77 |
Gender | ||||
Female | ||||
Male | 1.1 (0.96-1.26) | 0.18 | 1.07 (0.93-1.24) | 0.35 |
Race | ||||
Black | ||||
White | 1.03 (0.89-1.2) | 0.67 | 1.09 (0.93-1.27) | 0.29 |
Other | 1.12 (0.93-1.34) | 0.23 | 1.2 (0.99-1.45) | 0.063 |
Marital status | ||||
Married | ||||
Single | 1.00 (0.88-1.14) | 0.96 | 0.95 (0.83-1.08) | 0.42 |
Separated | 0.93 (0.82-1.07) | 0.31 | 0.86 (0.75-0.99) | 0.038 |
AFP expression | ||||
Negative | ||||
Positive | 1.35 (1.17-1.56) | 5.02E-05 | 1.33 (1.16-1.52) | 5.70E-05 |
Tumor size | ||||
> 5 cm | ||||
≤ 5 cm | 0.86 (0.74-1.00) | 0.057 | 0.97 (0.83-1.13) | 0.69 |
T stage | ||||
T1 | ||||
T2 | 1.15 (0.95-1.39) | 0.16 | 0.98 (0.8-1.2) | 0.85 |
T3 | 1.27 (1.1-1.46) | 1.03E-03 | 1.24 (1.07-1.42) | 3.30E-03 |
T4 | 1.27 (1.04-1.54) | 0.18 | 1.29 (1.07-1.56) | 7.30E-03 |
N stage | ||||
N0 | ||||
N1 | 1.19 (1.06-1.33) | 3.89E-03 | 1.12 (0.99-1.27) | 0.062 |
Surgery | ||||
No | ||||
Yes | 0.42 (0.32-0.54) | 7.65E-12 | 0.51 (0.41-0.64) | 1.50E-09 |
Chemotherapy | ||||
No/unknown | ||||
Yes | 0.59 (0.53-0.66) | 1.42E-21 | 1.39 (1.25-1.56) | 2.40E-09 |
Radiotherapy | ||||
No/unknown | ||||
Yes | 0.71 (0.61-0.83) | 1.40E-05 | 1.25 (1.09-1.42) | 9.00E-04 |
Lung metastasis | ||||
No | ||||
Yes | 1.36 (1.22-1.52) | 9.97E-08 | 1.29 (1.15-1.45) | 1.60E-05 |
Bone metastasis | ||||
No | ||||
Yes | 1.22 (1.07-1.39) | 3.76E-03 | 1.24 (1.08-1.41) | 1.70E-03 |
Brain metastasis | ||||
No | ||||
Yes | 0.97 (0.65-1.44) | 0.89 | 0.96 (0.61-1.5) | 0.85 |
Table 3 Six-month conditional overall survival rates of patients with distant-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma
Characteristics | Overall survival (months after diagnosis) | ||||||||
0 | d | 2 | d | 4 | d | 6 | d | ||
Overall | 32.79 | 41.05 | 47.48 | 53.31 | |||||
Age, yr | |||||||||
< 55 | 30.69 | 42.39 | 59.26 | 64.45 | |||||
55-65 | 33.86 | 0.07 | 39.96 | -0.05 | 44.03 | -0.30 | 45.78 | -0.37 | |
≥ 65 | 32.64 | 0.04 | 41.65 | -0.02 | 49.58 | -0.19 | 56.99 | -0.15 | |
Gender | |||||||||
Female | 34.64 | 43.92 | 52.4 | 55.63 | |||||
Male | 32.38 | -0.05 | 40.42 | -0.07 | 46.37 | -0.12 | 52.75 | -0.06 | |
Race | |||||||||
Black | 33.03 | 41.07 | 48.04 | 51.95 | |||||
White | 34.35 | 0.03 | 42.77 | 0.03 | 48.1 | 0.001 | 54.56 | 0.05 | |
Other | 27.17 | -0.12 | 34.55 | -0.13 | 44.34 | -0.07 | 49.06 | -0.06 | |
Marital status | |||||||||
Married | 32.59 | 40.58 | 46.51 | 54.99 | |||||
Single | 32.99 | 0.01 | 42.24 | 0.03 | 51.3 | 0.10 | 52.08 | -0.06 | |
Separated | 32.96 | 0.01 | 40.71 | 0.00 | 45.57 | -0.02 | 51.27 | -0.07 | |
AFP expression | |||||||||
Positive | 30.77 | 38.99 | 44.09 | 49.63 | |||||
Negative | 43.69 | 0.28 | 50.46 | 0.23 | 62.1 | 0.36 | 67.32 | 0.35 | |
Tumor size | |||||||||
≤ 5 cm | 38.43 | 50.31 | 62.75 | 60.63 | |||||
> 5 cm | 30.67 | -0.17 | 37.48 | -0.26 | 39.59 | -0.46 | 49.85 | -0.22 | |
T stage | |||||||||
T1 | 39.82 | 49.18 | 56.84 | 60.72 | |||||
T2 | 36.94 | -0.06 | 49.78 | 0.01 | 57 | 0.003 | 55.68 | -0.10 | |
T3 | 28.86 | -0.23 | 34.84 | -0.29 | 41.77 | -0.30 | 49.69 | -0.22 | |
T4 | 31.63 | -0.17 | 40.2 | -0.18 | 33.72 | -0.46 | 46.16 | -0.29 | |
N stage | |||||||||
N0 | 34.58 | 43.29 | 50.08 | 57.11 | |||||
N1 | 28.87 | -0.12 | 35.65 | -0.16 | 40.76 | -0.19 | 43.26 | -0.28 | |
Surgery | |||||||||
No | 30.65 | 38.31 | 44.61 | 50.83 | |||||
Yes | 69.51 | 0.83 | 73.97 | 0.73 | 74.6 | 0.60 | 71.93 | 0.42 | |
Chemotherapy | |||||||||
No/unknown | 21.54 | 35.16 | 46.49 | 52.55 | |||||
Yes | 42.34 | 0.44 | 44.13 | 0.18 | 47.92 | 0.03 | 53.61 | 0.02 | |
Radiotherapy | |||||||||
No/unknown | 28.85 | 38.14 | 45.8 | 53 | |||||
Yes | 48.42 | 0.42 | 49.72 | 0.24 | 50 | 0.08 | 54.05 | 0.02 | |
Lung metastasis | |||||||||
No | 38.7 | 44.51 | 48.12 | 51.58 | |||||
Yes | 22.59 | -0.34 | 33.02 | -0.23 | 45.71 | -0.05 | 58.48 | 0.14 | |
Bone metastasis | |||||||||
No | 31.33 | 39.55 | 46.72 | 53.91 | |||||
Yes | 36.41 | 0.11 | 44.54 | 0.10 | 49.19 | 0.05 | 51.94 | -0.04 | |
Brain metastasis | |||||||||
No | 32.85 | 41.08 | 47.44 | 53.15 | |||||
Yes | 29.63 | -0.07 | 38.89 | -0.04 | 50 | 0.05 | 62.5 | 0.19 |
Table 4 Six-month conditional cancer-specific survival rates of patients with distant-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma
Characteristics | Cancer-specific survival (months after diagnosis) | ||||||||
0 | d | 2 | d | 4 | d | 6 | d | ||
Overall | 34.77 | 42.48 | 48.6 | 55.11 | |||||
Age, yr | |||||||||
< 55 | 32.05 | 43.36 | 53.19 | 66.41 | |||||
55-65 | 36 | 0.08 | 41.63 | -0.04 | 45.44 | -0.16 | 42.52 | -0.48 | |
≥ 65 | 34.79 | 0.06 | 43.05 | -0.01 | 50.09 | -0.06 | 56.97 | -0.19 | |
Gender | |||||||||
Female | 36.67 | 45.76 | 54.64 | 58.38 | |||||
Male | 34.35 | -0.05 | 41.77 | -0.08 | 47.24 | -0.15 | 54.33 | -0.08 | |
Race | |||||||||
Black | 36.22 | 43.24 | 49.22 | 55.84 | |||||
White | 36.31 | 0.00 | 44.26 | 0.02 | 49.36 | 0.00 | 56.34 | 0.01 | |
Other | 28.31 | -0.17 | 35.2 | -0.16 | 44.84 | -0.09 | 50.3 | -0.11 | |
Marital status | |||||||||
Married | 34.01 | 41.82 | 47.37 | 55.74 | |||||
Single | 35.15 | 0.02 | 43.06 | 0.03 | 52.07 | 0.09 | 54.74 | -0.02 | |
Separated | 36 | 0.04 | 43.25 | 0.03 | 47.46 | 0.00 | 54.23 | -0.03 | |
AFP expression | |||||||||
Positive | 32.75 | 44.94 | 45.3 | 51.21 | |||||
Negative | 45.67 | 0.27 | 51.74 | 0.14 | 62.82 | 0.35 | 70 | 0.38 | |
Tumor size | |||||||||
≤ 5 cm | 40.79 | 51.88 | 64.07 | 62.94 | |||||
> 5 cm | 32.51 | -0.17 | 38.86 | -0.26 | 42.46 | -0.43 | 51.42 | -0.23 | |
T stage | |||||||||
T1 | 41.66 | 50.32 | 57.88 | 62.8 | |||||
T2 | 40.4 | -0.03 | 51.47 | 0.02 | 59.43 | 0.03 | 57.77 | -0.10 | |
T3 | 30.68 | -0.23 | 36.49 | -0.28 | 42.85 | -0.30 | 51.69 | -0.22 | |
T4 | 32.82 | -0.19 | 40.66 | -0.20 | 38.16 | -0.39 | 46.15 | -0.33 | |
N stage | |||||||||
N0 | 36.48 | 44.7 | 51.36 | 62.39 | |||||
N1 | 31.00 | -0.12 | 37.11 | -0.15 | 41.57 | -0.20 | 44.53 | -0.36 | |
Surgery | |||||||||
No | 32.69 | 39.81 | 45.84 | 52.64 | |||||
Yes | 69.51 | 0.77 | 73.97 | 0.69 | 74.6 | 0.58 | 73.6 | 0.42 | |
Chemotherapy | |||||||||
No/unknown | 24.05 | 37.52 | 48.05 | 56.21 | |||||
Yes | 43.68 | 0.41 | 45.05 | 0.15 | 48.87 | 0.02 | 54.64 | -0.03 | |
Radiotherapy | |||||||||
No/unknown | 30.92 | 39.7 | 47.66 | 55.55 | |||||
Yes | 49.75 | 0.40 | 50.72 | 0.22 | 51 | 0.07 | 54.05 | -0.03 | |
Lung metastasis | |||||||||
No | 40.69 | 46.02 | 49.33 | 53.7 | |||||
Yes | 24.4 | -0.34 | 34.24 | -0.24 | 46.61 | -0.05 | 59.18 | 0.11 | |
Bone metastasis | |||||||||
No | 33.52 | 41.03 | 48.1 | 55.99 | |||||
Yes | 37.84 | 0.09 | 45.87 | 0.10 | 49.79 | 0.03 | 53.21 | -0.06 | |
Brain metastasis | |||||||||
No | 34.83 | 42.5 | 48.59 | 54.78 | |||||
Yes | 31.91 | -0.06 | 42.48 | -0.0004 | 48.61 | 0.0004 | 64.46 | 0.19 |
- Citation: Yang YP, Guo CJ, Gu ZX, Hua JJ, Zhang JX, Shi J. Conditional survival probability of distant-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: A population-based study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15(11): 1874-1890
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v15/i11/1874.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v15.i11.1874