Clinical implications of interleukins-31, 32, and 33 in gastric cancer

Table 1 Correlations between interleukin-31, interleukin-32, and interleukin-33 expression and clinical/pathological features in patients with gastric cancer (n = 180)

Characteristic	Patient number	IL-31 median	P value	IL-32 median	P value	IL-33 median	P value
All cancer	180	1.333 × 106		99245		125998
Noncancer (non)	159	1.472 × 106	0.043	138164	0.001	173818	< 0.0001
Gender
Male	140	1.344 × 106		106075		143830
Female	40	1.208 × 106	0.329	81009	0.040	89697	0.029
Age
≤ 60	79	1.082 × 106		74098		106857
> 60	101	1.404 × 106	0.007	122682	0.001	148615	0.026
Tumour size (diameter)
< 5 cm	87	1.325 × 106		98583		122572
≥ 5 cm	93	1.335 × 106	> 0.999	101583	> 0.999	126415	> 0.999
Lymph node metastasis
No	75	1.404 × 106		106075		143359
Yes	105	1.267 × 106	0.284	93196	0.671	113657	0.3
Differentiation
High	14	1.609 × 106	H/M > 1	114379	H/M > 1	171038	H/M: > 0.999
Moderate	78	1.393 × 106	H/L: 0.6	113024	H/L> 1	142850	H/L: 0.2
Low	88	1.146 × 106	M/L: 0.3	91551	M/L: 0.4	104570	M/L: 0.1
Invasion depth
T1	4	2.072 × 106		218529	T1/T3: 0.5, T1/T4: 0.6	156096
T2	27	1.600 × 106		110353		143582
T3	75	1.208 × 106		98367		116081
T4	74	1.318 × 106	All > 1	96542	T1/T2, T2/T3, T2/T4, T3/T4, all > 1	125941	All > 1
TNM
I	12	1.355 × 106		98583		142117	I/IV: 0.8
II	70	1.414 × 106		113560	II/ IV: 0.6	147031	II/III: 0.3, II/IV: 0.1
III	92	1.288 × 106		87667		107919	III/IV: 0.7
IV	6	0.950 × 106	All > 1	54851	I/II, I/III, I/IV, II/ III, III/IV, all > 1	52195	I/II, I/III>1

IL: Interleukin.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinicopathological factors affecting survival of patients with gastric cancer at T4 stage

Variables analysis	Univariate HR (95%CI)	P value	Multivariate HR (95%CI)	P value
IL-32 (low/high)	4.338 (1.450-12.980)	0.009	3.287 (1.024-10.555)	0.046
Tumour differentiation (low/moderate)	0.710 (0.225-2.237)	0.559
TNM		0.008		0.037
IV (reference)	1		1
II	0.034 (0.003-0.423)	0.008	0.069 (0.005-0.946)	0.045
III	0.203 (0.018-0.464)	0.004	0.127 (0.025-0.646)	0.013
Lymph node metastasis (no/yes)	0.441 (0.098-1.982)	0.285
Diameter (< 5/≥ 5, cm)	0.475 (0.161-1.404)	0.178
Female/male	0.912 (0.323-2.573)	0.862
Age (≤ 60/> 60)	1.950 (0.688-5.529)	0.209

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinicopathological factors affecting survival of patients with gastric cancer in TNM I-II stage

Variable	Univariate HR (95%CI)	P value	Multivariate HR (95%CI)	P value
IL-32 (low/high)	0.180 (0.024-1.370)	0.098
Tumour differentiation		0.947
Low (reference)	1
High	1.259 (0.258-6.133)	0.776
Moderate	0.964 (0.324-2.871)	0.947
Tumour invasion depth		0.546
T4 (reference)	1
T2	0.567 (0.059-5.491)	0.624
T3	1.460 (0.187-11.379)	0.718
Lymph node metastasis (no/yes)	0.307 (0.108-0.868)	0.026	0.490 (0.152-1.578)	0.232
Diameter (< 5/≥ 5, cm)	0.259 (0.092-731)	0.011	0.368 (0.112-1.165)	0.088
Female/male	0.522 (0.116-2.340)	0.396
Age (≤ 60/> 60)	0.562 (0.192-1.646)	0.293