Inverse relations between Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of esophageal precancerous lesions in drinkers and peanut consumption

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1689

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Sep 15, 2022; 14(9): 1689-1698
Published online Sep 15, 2022. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1689

Table 1 Characteristics and potential factors in cases with esophageal precancerous lesions and controls

Category	*Cases, n =* 200**	*Controls, n =* 200**	Adjusted OR (95%CI)¹	P value
Age (yr), mean ± SD	63.01 ± 6.08	62.85 ± 6.03		0.792^a
BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD	24.52 ± 3.33	24.36 ± 3.37		0.631^a
Normal (18.5-23.9)	82 (41.0%)	84 (42.0%)	1.00 (reference)
Underweight (< 18.5)	4 (2.0%)	5 (2.5%)	0.61 (0.12-3.02)	0.545
Overweight (24.0-28.0)	84 (42.0%)	89 (44.5%)	0.95 (0.61-1.49)	0.836
Obese (> 28.0)	30 (15.0%)	22 (11.0%)	1.61 (0.83-3.12)	0.164
Education level
Illiterate	100 (50.0%)	96 (48.0%)	1.00 (reference)
Primary school education	74 (37.0%)	77 (38.5%)	0.79 (0.45-1.39)	0.413
Middle school education and higher	26 (13.0%)	27 (13.5%)	0.81 (0.36-1.79)	0.599
Annual income/person (RMB)
1-5000	53 (26.5%)	42 (21.0%)	1.00 (reference)
5001-10000	88 (44.0%)	86 (43.0%)	0.75 (0.45-1.25)	0.267
> 10000	59 (29.5%)	72 (36.0%)	0.67 (0.37-1.21)	0.183
Current smoking status (number of cigarettes/d)
Non-smoker	126 (63.0%)	134 (67.0%)	1.00 (reference)
1-10	20 (10.0%)	17 (8.5%)	1.39 (0.67-2.87)	0.381
11-20	38 (19.0%)	41 (20.5%)	1.10 (0.61-1.97)	0.755
> 20	16 (8.0%)	8 (4.0%)	3.11 (1.00-9.63)	0.049
Current drinking status (alcohol units consumed/d, 1 unit is 8 g or 10 mL of pure alcohol)
Non-drinker	147 (73.5%)	151 (75.5%)	1.00 (reference)
< 4	10 (5.0%)	10 (5.0%)	1.03 (0.41-2.59)	0.954
4-	26 (13.0%)	23 (11.5%)	1.02 (0.52-2.02)	0.946
8-	17 (8.5%)	16 (8.0%)	1.06 (0.47-2.42)	0.885
H. pylori infection
Negative	153 (76.5%)	142 (71.0%)	1.00 (reference)
Positive	47 (23.5%)	58 (29.0%)	0.75 (0.46-1.24)	0.265

^aP value of two independent samples t-test.

¹Conditional logistic regression model with adjustment for gender, age, BMI, education level, annual income, number of cigarettes per day, and alcohol units consumed per day, except the specific variable itself.

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; BMI: Body mass index; OR: Odds ratio.

Table 2 Difference in Helicobacter pylori infection among controls and cases with esophageal precancerous lesions

Group	*H. pylori* infection			P value^a
Group	Negative	Positive	Positive rate	P value^a
Controls	142	58	29.0%
EPL cases (upper and mid thoracic esophagus)	100	33	24.8%	0.384
EPL cases (lower thoracic esophagus)	53	14	20.9%

^aP value of Fisher’s exact test.

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Table 3 Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal precancerous lesion risk dichotomized by gender, age, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking

	Cases	Controls	Crude OR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)¹	P value
Male	n = 100	n = 100
H. pylori (-)	78 (78.0%)	72 (72.0%)	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-
H. pylori (+)	22 (22.0%)	28 (28.0%)	0.73 (0.38-2.38)	0.328	0.64 (0.32-1.27)	0.200
Female	n = 100	n = 100
H. pylori (-)	75 (75.0%)	70 (70.0%)	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-
H. pylori (+)	25 (25.0%)	30 (30.0%)	0.78 (0.42-1.45)	0.429	0.82 (0.42-1.58)	0.548
Age < 65 years	n = 107	n = 107
H. pylori (-)	76 (71.0%)	73 (68.2%)	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-
H. pylori (+)	31 (29.0%)	34 (31.8%)	0.88 (0.49-1.57)	0.656	0.89 (0.47-1.67)	0.708
Age ≥ 65 years	n = 93	n = 93
H. pylori (-)	77 (82.8%)	69 (74.2%)	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-
H. pylori (+)	16 (17.2%)	24 (25.8%)	0.60 (0.29-1.22)	0.156	0.59 (0.27-1.28)	0.183
Cigarette smoking (-)	n = 126	n = 134
H. pylori (-)	97 (77.0%)	93 (69.4%)	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-
H. pylori (+)	29 (23.0%)	41 (30.6%)	0.68 (0.39-1.18)	0.170	0.74 (0.42-1.32)	0.310
Cigarette smoking (+)	n = 74	n = 66
H. pylori (-)	56 (75.7%)	49 (74.2%)	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-
H. pylori (+)	18 (24.3%)	17 (25.8%)	0.93 (0.43-1.99)	0.845	0.80 (0.34-1.86)	0.601
Alcohol drinking (-)	n = 147	n = 151
H. pylori (-)	109 (74.1%)	109 (72.2%)	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-
H. pylori (+)	38 (25.9%)	42 (27.8%)	0.91 (0.54-1.51)	0.702	0.94 (0.55-1.61)	0.831
Alcohol drinking (+)	n = 53	n = 49
H. pylori (-)	44 (83.0%)	33 (67.3%)	1.00 (reference)	-	1.00 (reference)	-
H. pylori (+)	9 (17.0%)	16 (32.7%)	0.42 (0.17-1.07)	0.070	0.32 (0.11-0.95)	0.040

¹Adjustment for gender, age, BMI, education level, annual income, number of cigarettes per day, and alcohol units consumed per day.

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.

Citation: Pan D, Sun GJ, Su M, Wang X, Yan QY, Song G, Wang YY, Xu DF, Wang NN, Wang SK. Inverse relations between Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of esophageal precancerous lesions in drinkers and peanut consumption. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14(9): 1689-1698
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v14/i9/1689.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v14.i9.1689