Association and prognostic significance of alpha-L-fucosidase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 1 Association of alpha-L-fucosidase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression with clinicopathological characteristics in patients with resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center

Variable	FUCA1 expression			MMP-9 expression
	Low expression (n = 29)	High expression (n = 90)	P value	Low expression (n = 57)	High expression (n = 62)	P value
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	61.2 ± 7.6	58.3 ± 9.2	0.137	59.5 ± 8.4	58.6 ± 9.4	0.587
Female, n (%)	3 (10.3)	18 (20.0)	0.236	6 (10.5)	15 (24.2)	0.058
History of smoking, n (%)	6 (20.7)	33 (36.7)	0.111	45 (78.9)	35 (56.5)	0.009a
History of alcohol use, n (%)	10 (34.5)	35 (38.9)	0.670	41 (71.9)	33 (53.2)	0.036
Localization, n (%)
Upper	2 (6.9)	12 (13.3)	0.360	5 (8.8)	9 (14.5)	0.555
Middle	20 (69.0)	49 (54.4)		33 (57.9)	36 (58.1)
Lower	7 (24.1)	29 (32.2)		19 (33.3)	17 (27.4)
Grade, n (%)
Well	4 (13.8)	19 (21.1)	0.648	12 (21.1)	11 (17.7)	0.820
Moderately	16 (55.2)	48 (53.3)		31 (54.4)	33 (53.2)
Poorly	9 (31.0)	23 (25.6)		14 (24.6)	18 (29.0)
T stage, n (%)
T1-2	6 (20.7)	22 (24.4)	0.678	12 (21.1)	16 (25.8)	0.541
T3-4a	23 (79.3)	68 (75.6)		45 (78.9)	46 (74.2)
Lymphatic invasion, n (%)
Negative (N0)	20 (69.0)	34 (47.8)	0.003a	31 (54.4)	23 (37.1)	0.067
Positive (N+)	9 (31.0)	56 (62.2)		26 (45.6)	39 (62.9)
TNM stage, n (%)
I-II	18 (62.1)	35 (38.9)	0.029a	29 (50.9)	24 (38.7)	0.182
III	11 (37.9)	55 (61.1)		28 (49.1)	38 (61.3)
Postoperative complication, n (%)
Arrhythmia	5 (17.2)	22 (24.4)	0.421	16 (28.1)	11 (17.7)	0.179
Pneumonia	1 (3.4)	11 (12.2)	0.172	5 (8.8)	7 (11.3)	0.649
Anastomotic leak	0 (0)	11 (12.2)	0.048a	4 (7.0)	7 (11.3)	0.421
Adjuvant therapy, n (%)	19 (65.5)	61 (67.8)	0.822	36 (63.2)	44 (71.0)	0.365
FUCA1 total score (mean ± SD)	-	-	-	4.3 ± 3.8	7.3 ± 4.1	0.000a
High FUCA1 expression, n (%)	-	-	-	36 (63.2)	54 (87.1)	0.002a
MMP-9 total score (mean ± SD)	3.6 ± 2.7	2.3 ± 2.6	0.029a	-	-	-
High MMP-9 expression, n (%)	8 (27.6)	54 (60.0)	0.002a	-	-	-

^aP < 0.05.

FUCA1: Alpha-L-fucosidase-1; MMP-9: Matrix metalloproteinase-9; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox multivariate regression analyses of overall survival in patients with resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center

Variable	No.	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		5-yr overall survival rate (%)	P value	Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)	P value
Age (yr)
< 60	61	44.3	0.133
≥ 60	58	34.5
Sex
Female	21	28.6	0.510
Male	98	41.8
History of smoking
Yes	39	42.5	0.533
No	80	33.3
History of alcohol use
Yes	74	40.5	0.831
No	45	37.8
Localization
Upper	14	21.4	0.426
Middle	69	42.0
Lower	36	41.7
Grade
Well	23	43.5	0.222
Moderately	64	43.8
Poorly	32	28.1
T stage
T1-2	28	39.3	0.890
T3-4a	91	39.6
Lymphatic invasion
Negative (N0)	54	55.6	0.002a	0.584 (0.351-0.972)	0.039a
Positive (N+)	65	23.5		Reference
TNM stage
I-II	53	54.7	0.001a	0.520 (0.316-0.856)	0.010a
III	66	27.3		Reference
Arrhythmia
Yes	27	29.6	0.210
No	92	42.4
Pneumonia
Yes	12	33.3	0.110
No	107	40.2
Anastomotic leak
Yes	11	36.4	0.295
No	108	39.8
Adjuvant therapy
Yes	80	33.7	0.159
No	39	51.3
FUCA1 expression
Low	29	65.5	0.001a	0.484 (0.239-0.979)	0.044a
High	90	31.1		Reference
MMP-9 expression
Low	57	56.1	0.002a	0.591 (0.359-0.973)	0.039a
High	62	24.2		Reference

^aP < 0.05.

FUCA1: Alpha-L-fucosidase-1; MMP-9: Matrix metalloproteinase-9.