Go-Ichi-Ni-San 2: A potential biomarker and therapeutic target in human cancers

Table 1 The expression and clinical significance of Go-Ichi-Ni-San 2 in cancer

Cancer types	Cases	Expression	Clinicopathologic parameters	Ref.
Cervical cancer	155 pairs	Upregulated	Pelvic lymph node metastasis, SCC-Ag, deep stromal invasion, vital status, recurrence	Ouyang et al[3]
Gastric adenocarcinoma	123 pairs	Upregulated	Tumor size, T stage, LN metastasis	Feng et al[6]
Glioma	120 pairs	Upregulated	Uathological grade	Shen et al[7]
Glioma	37 pairs	Upregulated	/	Chi et al[9]
Glioma	63 pairs	Upregulated	TNM stage, clinical stage	Liu et al[8]
Pancreatic cancer	74 pairs	Upregulated	Tumor size, T stage, vascular permeation	Huang et al[10]
Pancreatic cancer	46 pairs	Upregulated	/	Bu et al[11]
Ovarian cancer	30 pairs	Upregulated	/	Zhan et al[14]

TNM: Tumor nodal metastasis; LN: Lymph node; SCC-Ag: Squamous cell carcinoma antigen.

Table 2 The mechanism of action of Go-Ichi-Ni-San 2 in various cancers

Cancer types	Assessed cancer cell lines	Expression	Related genes and pathways	Biological significance	Ref.
Bladder cancer	5637, T24	Up	miR-515-5p	Proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT	Dai et al[27]
Bladder cancer	RT4, T24, J82, 5637	Up	miR-22-3p	Proliferation, colony formation, anti-apoptosis	Tian et al[26]
Breast cancer	MCF10A, T47D, MCF-7, SUM149, SUM159, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, HS578	Up	MMP9	Proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, stem-like feature	Peng et al[4]
Breast cancer	HCC-1937, MCF-10A, MDA-MB-231, T-47D, JIMT-1	Up	/	Proliferation, cell cycle	Rantala et al[5]
Cervical cancer	SiHa, HeLa, C33A, Caski, MS751, ME180	Up	/	Proliferation, migration, invasion	Ouyang et al[3]
Colon cancer	HCT116, LS174T, HCT8, SW620	Up	PTP4A1	Proliferation, cell cycle, anti-apoptosis	Hu et al[31]
Ovarian cancer	SKOV3, CaOV3, OVCAR3	Up	miR-502-5p	Proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis	Zhan et al[14]
Ovarian cancer	SKOV-3, OVCAR3	Up	/	Proliferation, anti-apoptosis, cell cycle	Yan et al[15]
Gastric adenocarcinoma	KATO-III, MKN45	Up	/	Proliferation	Feng et al[6]
Gliomas	U87, U251	Up	MCM2, ATM, CHEK2	Proliferation, cell cycle, anti-apoptosis	Shen et al[7]
Leukemia	HL60	Up	Bax, Bcl2, ATM, CHK2, P53	Proliferation, cell cycle, anti-apoptosis	Zhang et al[16]
Leukemia	K562, NB4	Up	p38/MAPK	Anti-apoptosis, cell cycle	Gao et al[19]
Lung cancer	95D, A549, NCI-H1299, NCI-H1975	Up	STAT	Proliferation, growth, colony formation, cell cycle	Sun et al[17]
Lung cancer	A549, H460	Up	p53/GADD45A	Proliferation, anti-apoptosis, cell cycle	Chi et al[9]
Lung cancer	H1975, H1299, A549, SPC-A1, H460	Up	PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK	Proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT	Liu et al[8]
Pancreatic cancer	PANC-1, BxPC-3	Up	MAPK/ERK	Proliferation, anti-apoptosis, cell cycle	Zhang et al[18]
Pancreatic cancer	Aspc-1, Bxpc-3, PANC-1, Miapaca-2	Up	MAPK/ERK	EMT	Huang et al[10]
Pancreatic cancer	PANC-1, AsPC-1	Up	/	Proliferation, cell cycle	Bu et al[11]
Thyroid cancer	K1, SW579	Up	CITED2, LOXL2	Proliferation, anti-apoptosis, cell cycle	Ye et al[12]
Thyroid cancer	K1, SW579	Up	MAPK	Proliferation, migration, invasion, anti-apoptosis	He et al[13]

EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; MMP9: Matrix metalloproteinase-9; PTP4A1: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A1; MCM2: Microchromosome maintenance protein 2; ATM: Ataxia telangiectasia mutated; CHEK2: Checkpoint kinase 2; Bax: BCL2-associated x; Bcl2: B-cell lymphoma 2; CHK2: Cell kinase cyclecheckpoint 2; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; STAT: Signal transducer and activator of transcription; GADD45A: Growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; CITED2: Cbp/P300-interacting transcription factor 2; LOXL2: Lysine oxidase-like 2.