Neoadjuvant chemotherapy without radiation as a potential alternative treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of all studies

Ref.	Race	Sample size	Tumor stage	Surgery		Chemotherapy		Radiotherapy (Gy)
				nCT	nCRT	nCT	nCRT
Huang et al[8], 2016	Asian	102	II–III	AR, LAR, etc.	AR, LAR, etc.	mFOLFOX6	mFOLFOX6	50
Deng et al[9], 2016, Deng et al[10], 2019	Asian	475	II–III	TME	TME	mFOLFOX6	mFOLFOX6/FOLFOX6	46.0–50.4
Sun et al[11], 2019	Asian	220	II–III	TME	TME	mFOLFOX6	5-FU; mFOLFOX6	46.0–50.4
Fan et al[13], 2015	Asian	184	II–III	TME	TME	XELOX	XELOX	46
Qin et al[12], 2016	Asian	318	II–III	NA	NA	5-FU, FOLFOX	5-FU, FOLFOX	50
Zhang et al[15], 2017	Asian	142	LARC	NA	NA	mFOLFOXIRI	mFOLFOXIRI	NA
Sato et al[16], 2019	Asian	26	LARC	TME; LLND	TME; LLND	S1 + oxaliplatin	5FU-based	4045
Diaz et al[17], 2019	NA	46	II/III	TME	TME	mFOLFOX6; CAPOX; FLOX	Fluorouracil/oral capecitabine	50.0 or 50.4
Ikematsu et al[18], 2014	NA	77	III - IV	ISR	ISR	mFOLFOX6	5-fluorouracil	45
Sun et al[19], 2016	Asian	22094	II–III	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Cassidy et al[20], 2016	NA	21707	III	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Kim et al[21], 2015	Asian	86	IV	TME	TME	FOLFOX4; FOLFIRI; 5-FU/LV, + capecitabine	5-FU/LV or capecitabine	45.0-50.4
Matsumoto et al[23], 2015	Asian	124	II–III	LAR, APR/ASR, Hartmann, ISR	LAR, APR/ASR, Hartmann, ISR	FOLFOX; IRIS; FOLFIRI	FOLFOX; IRIS; FOLFIRI	NA
Sakuyama et al[24], 2016	Asian	88	Ⅰ-Ⅳ	ISR, etc.	ISR, etc.	FOLFOX	FOLFOX	45
Sada et al[25], 2018	Asian	11839	II–III	NA	NA	NA	NA	40-55
Suárez et al[26], 2011	NA	25	Ⅳ	AR, APR, Hartmann	AR, APR, Hartmann	5-FU + oxaliplatin-based	fluoropyrimidine-based	50.40
Rouanet et al[14], 2017	NA	29	LARC	TME, etc.	TME, etc.	FOLFIRINOX	FOLFIRINOX	50
Okuyama et al[22], 2018	Asian	55	II–III	LAR, APR	LAR, APR	oxaliplatin-based	5-FU-based	45
He et al[27], 2020	Asian	3233	II–III	TME	TME	FOLFOX; CAPOX	FOLFOX; CAPOX	50

5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; APOX: Capecitabine, oxaliplatin; APR: Abdominoperineal resection; AR: Anterior resection; ASR: Abdominosacral resection; FOLFIRI: 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan; FOLFIRINOX: Irinotecan, oxaliplatin; elvorin, 5-fluorouracil; FOLFOX: 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin plus oxaliplatin; FLOX: Weekly fluorouracil leucovorin and biweekly oxaliplatin; ISR: Intersphincteric resection; LAR: Low anterior resection; LARC: Locally advanced rectal cancer; LLND: Lateral lymph node dissection; LV: Leucovorin; mFOLFOX6: Modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin; MOF: Combination of 5-fluorouracil, semustine, and vincristine; NA: Not available; nCRT: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; nCT: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy; TME: Total mesorectal excision.