Diffuse reduction of spleen density is a novel prognostic marker for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after curative resection

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v13.i8.929

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Aug 15, 2021; 13(8): 929-942
Published online Aug 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i8.929

Table 1 Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients undergoing curative resection

Characteristics	All patients, n = 167	DROSD, n = 55	Non-DROSD, n = 112	P value
Sex, n (%)				0.062
Female	84 (50.3)	22 (40.0)	62 (55.4)
Male	83 (49.7)	33 (60.0)	50 (44.6)
Age, years, mean ± SD	63.35 ± 8.55	64.02 ± 8.64	63.03 ± 8.53	0.483
BMI, kg/m², mean ± SD	22.61 ± 3.13	23.19 ± 3.27	22.35 ± 3.04	0.122
Albumin, g/L, mean ± SD	30.08 ± 5.01	36.4 ± 5.28	38.55 ± 4.86	0.925
Hemoglobin, g/L, mean ± SD	126.4 ± 15.36	121.05 ± 16.12	127.94 ± 14.89	0.446
AFP, ng/mL, median (IQR)	2.72 (2.01-3.61)	3.09 (2.03-3.91)	2.60 (1.99-3.53)	0.056
CEA, μg/L, median (IQR)	2.90 (1.70-5.83)	2.56 (2.00-7.60)	2.95 (1.70-5.50)	0.422
CA19-9, U/mL, median (IQR)	109.7 (21.9-852.7)	103.1 (24.4-1000.0)	116.7 (20.9-496.2)	0.544
PLR, median (IQR)	141.8 (103.8-196.9)	146.4 (99.1-236.7)	141.8 (103.9-195.3)	0.929
NLR, median (IQR)	2.98 (1.99-4.76)	4.34 (1.55-6.08)	2.78 (2.06-4.5)	0.636
LMR, median (IQR)	2.91 (1.85-4.15)	2.28 (1.27-3.55)	3.14 (1.94-4.23)	0.688
Spleen density, HU, median (IQR)	49.66 (46.19-53.92)	43.62 (40.46-45.08)	51.78 (48.26-54.62)	< 0.001
Total cholesterol, mmol/L, mean ± SD	4.77 ± 1.38	4.59 ± 1.53	4.85 ± 1.38	0.28
Triglyceride, mmol/L, median (IQR)	1.24 (0.86-1.77)	1.19 (0.87-1.65)	1.25 (0.85-1.77)	0.759
ASA grade, n (%)				0.281
1-2	156 (93.4)	53 (96.4)	103 (92.0)
3-4	11 (6.6)	2 (3.6)	9 (8.0)
Abdominal surgery history, n (%)				0.074
No	122 (73.1)	45 (81.8)	77 (68.7)
Yes	45 (26.9)	10 (18.2)	35 (31.3)
Hypertension, n (%)				0.385
No	114 (68.3)	40 (72.7)	74 (66.1)
Yes	53 (31.7)	15 (27.3)	38 (33.9)
Diabetes, n (%)				0.096
No	139 (83.2)	42 (76.4)	97 (86.6)
Yes	28 (16.8)	13 (23.6)	15 (13.4)
Liver Cirrhosis, n (%)				0.847
No	135 (80.8)	44 (80.0)	91 (81.3)
Yes	32 (19.2)	11 (20.0)	21 (18.7)
HBsAg, n (%)				0.213
Negative	117 (70.1)	42 (76.4)	75 (67.0)
Positive	50 (29.9)	13 (23.6)	37 (33.0)
Portal hypertension, n (%)				0.802
No	156 (93.4)	51 (92.7)	105 (93.8)
Yes	11 (6.6)	4 (7.3)	7 (6.2)
Surgical time, mins, median (IQR)	150 (120-210)	137.5 (130-200)	150 (115-220)	0.325
Length of hospital stay in d, median (IQR)	19 (14-25)	17 (14-23)	20.5 (15-26)	0.095
Intraoperative hemorrhage, mL, median (IQR)	300 (200-600)	300 (200-925)	300 (200-600)	0.304
Intraoperative blood transfusion, n (%)				0.849
No	120 (71.9)	39 (70.9)	81 (72.3)
Yes	47 (28.1)	16 (29.1)	31 (27.7)
Extent of hepatectomy, n (%)				0.324
Minor	100 (59.9)	30 (54.5)	70 (62.5)
Major	67 (40.1)	25 (45.5)	42 (37.5)
Surgical procedure, n (%)				0.834
Laparoscopic	20 (12.0)	7 (12.7)	13 (11.6)
Open	147 (80.0)	48 (87.3)	99 (88.4)
PCs, n (%)				0.363
No	117 (70.1)	36 (65.5)	81 (72.3)
Yes	50 (29.9)	19 (34.5)	31 (27.7)
TNM stage, n (%)				0.252
I-II	116 (69.5)	35 (63.6)	81 (72.3)
III-IV	51 (30.5)	20 (36.4)	31 (27.7)
Tumor differentiation, n (%)				0.096
Well/Moderately	103 (61.7)	29 (52.7)	74 (66.1)
Poor	61 (38.3)	25 (47.3)	36 (33.9)
Tumor size, cm, n (%)				0.915
≤ 5.0	86 (51.5)	28 (50.9)	58 (51.8)
> 5.0	81 (48.5)	27 (49.1)	54 (48.2)
Tumor number, n (%)				0.103
Single	149(89.2)	46 (83.6)	103 (92.0)
Multiple	18 (10.8)	9 (16.4)	9 (8.0)
Lymph node metastasis, n (%)				0.959
No	137 (82.0)	45 (81.8)	92 (82.1)
Yes	30 (18.0)	10 (18.2)	20 (17.9)
Vascular invasion, n (%)				0.461
No	133 (79.6)	42 (76.4)	91 (81.3)
Yes	34 (20.4)	13 (23.6)	21 (18.7)
Perineural invasion, n (%)				0.959
No	137 (82.0)	45 (81.8)	92 (82.1)
Yes	30 (18.0)	10 (18.2)	20 (17.9)

P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALB: Albumin; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists grade score; BMI: Body mass index; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; DROSD: Diffuse reduction of spleen density; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HU: Hounsfield units; ICC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; IQR: Interquartile range; LMR: Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio; NLR: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; PCs: Postoperative complications; PLR: Platelet to lymphocyte ratio; SD: Standard deviation; TNM: Tumor node metastasis.

Citation: Deng LM, Wang Y, Yang JH, Li JL, Chen ZY, Bao WM, Chen KY, Yao XF, Zheng CM, Zheng JY, Yu ZP, Jin B, Chen G. Diffuse reduction of spleen density is a novel prognostic marker for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after curative resection. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13(8): 929-942
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v13/i8/929.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v13.i8.929