Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Oct 15, 2021; 13(10): 1263-1287
Published online Oct 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1263
Table 1 Recent exosomal cargos described in diagnosis/prognosis of pancreatic cancer
Proteins
Source
Outcome
Utility
Ref.
CLDN4, EPCAM, CD151, LGALS3BP, HIST2H2BE, and HIST2H2BFBloodHigher KRAS mutation in exosomesProtein panel PC exosome-enriched samplesCastillo et al[114]
TAAsPlasmaHigher levels of circulating Ig-bound exosomes in PC patients than in healthy individualsCirculating AAbs against TAAs to discern between PC, CHP and healthy individualsCapello et al[104]
CEACAM 1/5 and tenascin CPancreatic duct fluidUpregulation in PCDistinguish patients with PC/IPMN or CHPZheng et al[105]
RNA
exo-miR155Plasma TissueGEM-resistant cells secreted higher levels of exo-miR-155 miR-155 expression level induced exosome secretionPredict resistance to Gemcitabine. Novel therapeutic targetMikamori et al[106]
exo-miR-10b, miR-21, miR-30c, miR-181a and miR-let7aSerumUpregulation in exo-miR-10b, miR-21, miR-30c, miR-181a; Repression in miR-let7aDistinguish patients with CP/CHP or other pancreatic disease; PC resection monitoringLai et al[107]
exo-miR-451aSerumUpregulation in stage II PC with recurrence after surgeryBiomarkerofrecurrenceTakahasi et al[108]
exo-miR-191, miR-21 and miR-451SerumDysregulated in IPMN and PC patientsDiagnosticbiomarkersGoto et al[115]
exo-miR-21 and exo-miR-155Pancreatic juiceUpregulation in PC patients compared with CHPDiagnostic of early-stage PC Nakamura et al[116]
miR-4525, miR-451a, and miR-21 PVBUpregulation of the panelIdentify patients at high risk for recurrence and poor survival after PC resectionKawamura et al[109]
mRNA
MMP8, TBX3, PDX1, CTSL, SIGLEC15, IL32, SIGLEC11, DCN, HOXA5, KLRB1SerumMMP8, TBX3, PDX1, CTSL, SIGLEC15 overexpression in PC/IPMN vs healthy; IL32, SIGLEC11, DCN repression in PC vs IPMN and healthy; HOXA5, KLRB1 repression in PC/IPMN vs healthyIdentify different subtypesKumar et al[110]
CCDC88A, ARF6, VAV3, and WASF2SerumUpregulation between PC and control patientsPC risk and PC diagnosisKitagawa et al[111]
circRNA
circPDE8A; circIARSTumor tissues Plasma Upregulation in PCPredictlivermetastasis, vascular invasion, and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and por postoperativesurvival timeLi et al[112]
circPCTumor tissues Serum Upregulation in PCDiagnostic biomarkerSeimiya et al[113]