Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with colorectal polyps and malignancy in China

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants, n (%)

Parameter	Control group (n = 2362)	Colorectal polyps group (n = 3872)	CRC group (n = 304)	F / χ2	P value
Age, mean ± SD (yr)	45.81 ± 13.44	53.01 ± 12.60	61.26 ± 12.94	320.48	< 0.001
Male/female	1355/1007	2189/1683	167/137	0.85	0.66
BMI, mean ± SD (kg/m²)	24.78 ± 3.83	24.85 ± 3.82	25.34 ± 3.66	2.87	0.06
Smoking	677 (28.66)	1048 (27.07)	94 (30.92)	1.89	0.39
Drinking	271 (11.47)	501 (12.94)	41 (13.49)	2.52	0.28
Family history of CRC	124 (5.25)	243 (6.28)	23 (7.57)	3.73	0.16

BMI: Body mass index; CRC: Colorectal cancer.

Table 2 The main indications for gastroscopy and colonoscopy

Indication for gastroscopy and colonoscopy1	Gastroscopy (%)	Colonoscopy (%)
Abdominal pain	35.23	27.95
Diarrhea	10.12	20.03
Constipation		8.05
Gastrointestinal bleeding	12.07	14.43
Gastroesophageal reflux disease	16.51
Dyspepsia	19.22
Nausea/vomiting	10.16
Dysphagia	6.2
Weight loss	7.38	5.24
Anemia	6.47	6.32
Other	6.35	3.26
Gastric cancer/CRC screening	28.19	26.92
Polyp surveillance	7.94	9.21

¹Individual patients could present with more than one indication. CRC: Colorectal cancer.

Table 3 The association between Helicobacter pylori infection, colorectal polyps, and colorectal cancer, compared with the control group

Parameter	H. pylori positive [n (%)]	H. pylori negative [n (%)]	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P value
Control group	890 (37.68)	1472 (62.32)	1
Colorectal polyp group	2134 (55.11)	1738 (44.89)	2.19 (1.96-2.44)	< 0.01
Polyp size
≥ 1 cm	529 (56.70)	404 (43.30)	2.33 (1.98-2.74)	< 0.01
< 1 cm	1605 (54.61)	1334 (45.39)	2.15 (1.92-2.41)	< 0.01
Polyp number
Solitary	942 (53.34)	824 (46.66)	1.98 (1.74-2.25)	< 0.01
Multiple	1192 (56.60)	914 (43.40)	2.41 (2.12-2.74)	< 0.01
Polyp histology
Adenomatous polyps	952 (59.95)	636 (40.05)	2.53 (2.20-2.89)	< 0.01
Non-adenomatous polyps	1182 (51.75)	1102 (48.25)	2.00 (1.77-2.26)	< 0.01
Polyp location
Proximal colon	732 (57.28)	546 (42.72)	2.49 (2.15-2.88)	< 0.01
Distal colorectal	1160 (53.51)	1008 (46.49)	1.98 (1.75-2.24)	< 0.01
Whole colon	242 (56.81)	184 (43.19)	2.37 (1.92-2.94)	< 0.01
CRC group	189 (62.17)	115 (37.83)	3.05 (2.33-3.99)	< 0.01
CRC location
Proximal colon	65 (67.01)	32 (32.99)	3.73 (2.39-5.82)	< 0.01
Distal colorectal	124 (59.90)	83 (40.10)	2.79 (2.04-3.81)	< 0.01

CRC: Colorectal cancer; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.

Table 4 The association of Helicobacter pylori-associated atrophic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia with colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer, compared with the control group

	H. pylori-associated atrophic gastritis [n (%)]	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P value	H. pylori-associated intestinal metaplasia [n (%)]	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P value
Control group	541 (22.90)	1		105 (4.45)	1
Colorectal polyp group	1355 (34.99)	5.42 (4.67-6.30)	< 0.01	347 (8.96)	5.88 (4.60-7.52)	< 0.01
CRC group	144 (47.37)	3.46 (2.63-4.55)	< 0.01	55 (18.09)	4.86 (3.22-7.34)	< 0.01

CRC: Colorectal cancer; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio.