Old vs new: Risk factors predicting early onset colorectal cancer

Table 1 Age distribution of the study cohorts

	Early-onset CRC	Later-onset CRC	Control
N	5710	63010	11800420
Age, n (%)
25-29	260 (5)	-	2336260 (20)
30-34	480 (8)	-	2469830 (21)
35-39	830 (15)	-	2409750 (20)
40-44	1400 (25)	-	2187280 (19)
45-49	2740 (48)	-	2348440 (20)
50-54	-	4370 (7)	-
55-59	-	6210 (10)	-
60-64	-	7400 (12)	-
65-69	-	8550 (14)	-
70-74	-	8920 (14)	-
75-79	-	8400 (13)	-
80-84	-	7290 (12)	-
85-89	-	5830 (9)	-
90+	-	4750 (8)	-

CRC: Colorectal cancer.

Table 2 20-point data set observation of the study cohorts, n (%)

	Early-onset CRC	Later-onset CRC	Control
N	5710	63010	11800420
Gender
Male	2800 (49)	32320 (51)	4931130 (42)
Female	2910 (51)	30690 (49)	6869290 (58)
Ethnicity
Caucasian	3880 (68)	52330 (83)	6947160 (59)
African-American	860 (15)	8260 (13)	1462790 (12)
Asian	110 (2)	1380 (2)	258990 (2)
Symptoms
Abdominal pain	3060 (54)	24490 (39)	2317490 (20)
Rectal pain	170 (3)	1260 (2)	48200 (0.4)
Altered bowel function	1440 (25)	14610 (23)	680420 (6)
Rectal bleeding	790 (14)	7960 (13)	190310 (2)
Weight loss	490 (9)	7800 (12)	147250 (1)
Family history
Of cancer	1360 (24)	9400 (15)	308120 (3)
Of GI malignancy	840 (15)	4300 (7)	70560 (1)
Of polyps	60 (1)	470 (1)	15350 (0.1)
Social history
Tobacco use	3600 (63)	42360 (67)	4838172 (41)
Alcohol use	2000 (35)	24850 (39)	2832100 (24)
Comorbidities
Colitis	710 (12)	7270 (12)	395260 (3)
BMI ≥ 30	3510 (61)	36770 (58)	4202120 (35)
Hypertension	1710 (30)	41740 (66)	1534060 (13)
Hyperlipidemia	1090 (19)	33960 (54)	1062040 (9)
Polyp history	630 (11)	8970 (14)	155640 (1)

CRC: Colorectal cancer; GI: Gastrointestinal; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 3 Effect level comparison for early-onset colorectal cancer

	Later-onset CRC		Control
	Cohen’s d	Effect level	Cohen’s d	Effect level
Gender (%)
Male	-0.02	-	0.07	+
Female	0.02	+	-0.07	-
Ethnicity (%)
Caucasian	-0.20	-	0.09	+
African-American	0.04	+	0.05	+
Asian	-0.03	-	-0.03	-
Symptoms (%)
Abdominal pain	0.14	+	0.37	+ +
Rectal pain	0.10	+	0.48	+ +
Altered bowel function	0.03	+	0.41	+ +
Rectal bleeding	0.02	+	0.55	+ + +
Weight loss	-0.10	-	0.48	+ +
Family History (%)
Of cancer	0.14	+	0.59	+ + +
Of GI malignancy	0.21	+ +	0.80	+ + + +
Of polyps	0.08	+	0.50	+ + +
Social History (%)
Tobacco use	-0.04	-	0.22	+ +
Alcohol use	-0.04	-	0.13	+
Comorbidities (%)
Colitis	0.02	+	0.34	+ +
BMI ≥ 30	0.03	+	0.25	+ +
Hypertension	-0.36	-	0.25	+ +
Hyperlipidemia	-0.39	-	0.21	+ +
Polyp history (%)	-0.07	-	0.53	+ + +

CRC: Colorectal cancer; GI: Gastrointestinal; BMI: Body mass index.