Medical treatment for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours

Figure 1 Illustration of principal pathways involved in cellular differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis: Somatostatin receptors, mammalian target of rapamycin protein kinase B, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phosphatase and tensin homolog, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, transforming growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factors. SSTRs: Somatostatin receptors; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; Akt: Protein kinase B; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; IGFR: Insulin-like growth factor receptor; VEGFR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; TGFR: Transforming growth factor receptor.