Multiple pseudoprogressions during ongoing immunotherapy-based treatment of advanced gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report and review of literature

Figure 1 Pathological changes of reported patient. A: Biopsy pathology of the gastric antrum; B and C: Postoperative pathology of the patient; D and E: Pathological results of a puncture biopsy of the enlarged liver mass during the second pseudoprogression.

Figure 2 Serial computed tomography images. A: Images of the abdomen with recurrence; B: Images taken during the first pseudoprogression (PsP) episode of liver lesions after two cycles of teprotumumab (240 mg q3w) combined with sulfatinib (300 mg/day); C: Images of the reduction of the liver lesion after two cycles of treatment; D: Images of the enlarged liver lesion during the second PsP episode after six months of treatment with teprotumumab (240 mg q3w) combined with sulfatinib (300 mg/day); E: Images of the decrease in liver lesion after a subsequent one cycle of treatment.

Figure 3 Trend of changes in the maximum diameter of the liver tumor at the S3 segment during the course of treatment.

Figure 4 Some potential methods and factors that are able to predict pseudoprogression.