Oncolytic virotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A potent immunotherapeutic landscape

Figure 1 Oncolytic virus promotes both regional and systemic anti-tumor activity. Following viral infection of tumor cells, the virus replicates proficiently within the cell, and after lysis of tumor cells, the soluble tumor-associated antigens, viral pathogen-associated molecular models, and cell-derived damage-associated molecular models release recruits and activates antigen-presenting cells (APCs). APC then migrates to the lymph nodes and initiates adaptive T cell immunity to the tumor. These cytotoxic T cells identify and destroy proximal or distal tumor cells. CTL: Cytotoxic T cell; APC: Antigen-presenting cell; DAMP: Derived damage-associated molecular model; PAMP: Pathogen-associated molecular models.