Impact of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia on cognition and emotion in gastric cancer patients undergoing radical resection

Figure 1 Comparison of physiological stress indices (mean ± SD). A: Comparison of heart rate (times/min) at different time points; B: Comparison of mean arterial pressure (mmHg) at different time points; C: Comparison of superoxide dismutase (U/mL) at different time points; D: Comparison of malondialdehyde (mmol/L) at different time points; ^aP < 0.05. HR: Heart rate; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; T₀: Before anesthesia; T₁: 30 min after anesthesia; T₂: At the conclusion of surgery; T₃: 1 h following surgery.

Figure 2 Comparison of pulmonary function indices (mean ± SD). A: Comparison of alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference at different time points; B: Comparison of respiratory index at different time points; C: Comparison of pulmonary shunt fraction at different time points; D: Comparison of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (L) at different time points; ^bP < 0.001. A-aDO₂: Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference; RI: Respiratory index; Qs/Qt: Pulmonary shunt fraction; FEV₁: Forced expiratory volume in 1; T₀: Before anesthesia; T₁: 30 min after anesthesia; T₂: At the conclusion of surgery; T₃: 1 h following surgery; T₅: 7 d after surgery.

Figure 3 Comparison of mini-mental state examination scores (mean ± SD). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01. MMSE: Mini-mental state examination; T₀: Before anesthesia; T₄: 1 d after surgery.