Comparison of ethanol-soaked gelatin sponge and microspheres for hepatic arterioportal fistulas embolization in hepatic cellular carcinoma

Figure 1 Digital subtraction angiography of the tumor and shunt. A: Angiography of the celiac artery shows liver tumor staining (orange arrow) in segment Ⅵ; B: Angiography of the proper hepatic artery shows hepatic arterioportal shunt. The orange arrow indicates the branch of the portal vein; C: The feeding artery (orange arrow) of the shunt is super-selected with a microcatheter; D: Angiography with the microcatheter shows the branches of the portal vein (orange arrow).

Figure 2 Repeated angiography confirmed completed embolization of the shunt.

Figure 3 Angiography performed to confirm complete embolization of the tumor.

Figure 4 The Kaplan-Meier curve. A: Overall survival; B: Progression-free survival.